User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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Basic interrogative pronouns display two different forms: one for animate entities (<small>''who?''</small>) and one for inanimate entities (<small>''what?''</small>).
Basic interrogative pronouns display two different forms: one for animate entities (<small>''who?''</small>) and one for inanimate entities (<small>''what?''</small>).


*''what'': šɑ
*''what'': šɛ
*''who'': šā́
*''who'': ʂā


Both pronouns can be declined, with the nominal declension endings, according to their animacy class.
Both pronouns can be declined, with the nominal declension endings, according to their animacy class.


  šā́ɣɑ om pike ʔakowɑker
  hɛguʎɛgir šiwči ʂāxjɛ?
  <small>whom did you give water to?</small>
  <small>whom did you give water to?</small>


However, while the animate class pronoun keeps its original meaning when declined, the inanimate class pronouns usually acquire new meanings, depending on the selected case:
There are also other interrogative pronouns (and adverbs):


* šɑtsar: where (<small>static location</small>)
* šɛluʈɛr: where (<small>static location</small>)
* šɑɣɑ: where (<small>motion toward</small>)
* šɛluxjɛ: where (<small>motion toward</small>)
* šɑšu: where... from (<small>motion form</small>)
* šɛlušu: where... from (<small>motion form</small>)
* šɑkhu: why (<small>cause</small>)
* šɛluku: why (<small>cause</small>)
* šɛčuhō: when
* šɛmiwni: how much (<small>inanimate</small>)
* ʂāmiwni: how much (<small>animate</small>)
* šɛʎābču: how


All forms can, nevertheless, keep their original meaning of “what”:
There are also the following interrogative adjectives:


šɑšu lolī́piñame om ʔaʔī́ser
* šɛgu: which (<small>inanimate</small>)
<small>what didn’t you see?</small>
* ʂāgu: which (<small>animate</small>)
 
* • šɛmiwni : how much / many (<small>inanimate</small>)
The various meanings of the declined forms can be usually inferred by the context of the sentence.
* • ʂāmiwni : how much / many (<small>animate</small>)
 
There are also other interrogative adjectives and pronouns (and adverbs):
 
* šā́ko: which (<small>animate</small>)
* šɑko: which (<small>inanimate</small>)
* šɑjuʔṓ: when
* šā́mine: how much (<small>animate</small>)
* šā́mineko: how much / many (<small>animate</small>)
* šɑmine: how much (<small>inanimate</small>)
* šɑmineko: how much / many (<small>inanimate</small>)
* šɑmɑgi: how


Example:
Example:
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  <small>how many horses do you own?</small>
  <small>how many horses do you own?</small>


Inside of an interrogative clause, pronouns usually stay in their syntactical position, according to their role, but in the later period they tend to be moved at the beginning of the sentence. In addition, like other parts of the sentences, can be followed by postpositions:
Within an interrogative clause, pronouns usually are usually placed in their syntactical position, according to their role, but in the later period they tend to be moved at the beginning of the sentence. In addition, like other parts of the sentences, can be followed by postpositions:


  šā́ɣɑ gū́ om tsɑgewuger
  cɛgiʎugjɛc gu ʂāxjɛ?
  <small>whom are you talking about?</small>
  <small>whom are you talking about?</small>

Revision as of 01:23, 16 September 2025

Interrogative pronouns

Basic interrogative pronouns display two different forms: one for animate entities (who?) and one for inanimate entities (what?).

  • what: šɛ
  • who: ʂā

Both pronouns can be declined, with the nominal declension endings, according to their animacy class. 

hɛguʎɛgir šiwči ʂāxjɛ?
whom did you give water to?

There are also other interrogative pronouns (and adverbs):

  • šɛluʈɛr: where (static location)
  • šɛluxjɛ: where (motion toward)
  • šɛlušu: where... from (motion form)
  • šɛluku: why (cause)
  • šɛčuhō: when
  • šɛmiwni: how much (inanimate)
  • ʂāmiwni: how much (animate)
  • šɛʎābču: how

There are also the following interrogative adjectives:

  • šɛgu: which (inanimate)
  • ʂāgu: which (animate)
  • • šɛmiwni : how much / many (inanimate)
  • • ʂāmiwni : how much / many (animate)

Example: 

šā́minekono gū́ʔetino totirer
how many horses do you own?

Within an interrogative clause, pronouns usually are usually placed in their syntactical position, according to their role, but in the later period they tend to be moved at the beginning of the sentence. In addition, like other parts of the sentences, can be followed by postpositions: 

cɛgiʎugjɛc gu ʂāxjɛ?
whom are you talking about?
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