User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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===Personal pronouns===
===Personal pronouns===
Personal pronouns convey only the first two persons (1<sup><small>st</small></sup> and 2<sup><small>nd</small></sup>) in both numbers. Unlike nominal or adjectival roots, these root are monosyllabic.
Personal pronouns convey only the first two persons (1<sup><small>st</small></sup> and 2<sup><small>nd</small></sup>) in both numbers.  
 
Unlike the nominal declension, and unlike other pronouns, these forms modify the vocalic pattern when declining in the accusative case, exhibiting thus a mixed declension on the same consonantal root. The forms for the genitive and the dative case are regularily built on the accusative form.


They are declined with the same endings as the nominal declension, and select only the animate plural ending, as they always refer to animated entities.
They are declined with the same endings as the nominal declension, and select only the animate plural ending, as they always refer to animated entities.


{|-
{|-
| || colspan="2" | <small>''<center>1<sup><small>st</small></sup>person</center>''</small> || colspan="2" | <small>''<center>2<sup><small>nd</small></sup>person</center>''</small>
|-
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center>  || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center>  || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
|-
| <small>''<center>nominative</center>''</small> || roo || roožo || šee || šeeže
|-
| <small>''<center>accusative</center>''</small> || roono || roožono || šeene || šeežene
|-
| <small>''<center>genitive</center>''</small> || roorra || roožorra || šeerræ || šeežerræ
|-
| <small>''<center>dative</center>''</small> || roohoo || roožohoo || šeehee || šeežehee
|-
| <small>''<center>ablative</center>''</small> || roośu || roožośu || šeeśi || šeežeśi
|-
| <small>''<center>instrumental</center>''</small> || rooddoo || roožoddoo || šeeddee || šeežeddee
|-
| <small>''<center>locative</center>''</small> || roomu || roožomu || šeemi || šeežemi
|-
| <small>''<center>allative</center>''</small> || roomo || roožomo || šeeme || šeežeme
|-
|-
| <small>''<center>delative</center>''</small> || rooma || roožoma || šeemæ || šeežemæ
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> sing.''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> sing.''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> plur.''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> plur.''</small></center>
|-
|-
| <small>''<center>benefactive</center>''</small> || rooga || roožoga || šeegæ || šeežegæ
| <center><small>''nominative''</small></center> || i̥l || ḁŕ || lu̥ || o̥ŕe
|-
|-
| <small>''<center>causative</center>''</small> || roobbuu || roožobbuu || šeebbii || šeežebbii
| <center><small>''accusative''</small></center> || ë̥l || ë̥ŕ || lḁ || ḁŕe
|-
|-
| <small>''<center>abessive</center>''</small> || roojjo || roožojjo || šeejje || šeežejje
| <center><small>''genitive''</small></center> || ë̥laš || ë̥ŕaš || lḁš || ḁŕeš
|-
| <small>''<center>essive</center>''</small> || roowaa || roožowaa || šeewææ || šeežewææ
|-
| <small>''<center>comparative</center>''</small> || roohha || roožohha || šeehhæ || šeežehhæ
|-
| <small>''<center>contrastive</center>''</small> || rookka || roožokka || šeekkæ || šeežekkæ
|-
| <small>''<center>partitive</center>''</small> || rooppuu || roožoppuu || šeeppii || šeežeppii
|}
 
In later text, however, irregularly shortened accusative and dative forms can be found:
 
{|-
| style="width: 100px;"| <small>''<center>accusative</center>''</small> || style="width: 100px;"| roon || style="width: 100px;"| roožon || style="width: 100px;"| šeen || style="width: 100px;"| šeežen
|-
|-
| <small>''<center>dative</center>''</small> || rooh || roožoh || šeeh || šeežeh
| <center><small>''dative''</small></center> || ë̥loʔ || ë̥ŕoʔ || lḁʔ || ḁŕeʔ
|}
|}


All forms, when declined in the genitive case, can play the role of an indeclinable possessive adjective, being placed before a noun, or the role of indeclinable possessive pronoun, being placed before a demonstrative pronominal form.
All forms, when declined in the genitive case, can play the role of an indeclinable possessive adjective, being placed before a noun, or the role of indeclinable possessive pronoun, being placed before a demonstrative pronominal form.


  roorra llærme šeežerræ nasnaano tuurkarapudd
  ťere̥k tape̥ ë̥laš annḁm ḁŕeš
  <small>my father saw your mother</small>
  <small>my father saw your mother</small>


  roorra llærme šeežerræ taano tuurkarapudd
  ťere̥k tape̥ ë̥laš ʔțë̥m ḁŕeš
  <small>my father saw yours</small>
  <small>my father saw yours</small>

Revision as of 10:47, 8 July 2025

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns convey only the first two persons (1st and 2nd) in both numbers.

Unlike the nominal declension, and unlike other pronouns, these forms modify the vocalic pattern when declining in the accusative case, exhibiting thus a mixed declension on the same consonantal root. The forms for the genitive and the dative case are regularily built on the accusative form.

They are declined with the same endings as the nominal declension, and select only the animate plural ending, as they always refer to animated entities.

1st sing.
2nd sing.
1st plur.
2nd plur.
nominative
 i̥l ḁŕ lu̥ o̥ŕe
accusative
 ë̥l ë̥ŕ lḁ ḁŕe
genitive
 ë̥laš ë̥ŕaš lḁš ḁŕeš
dative
 ë̥loʔ ë̥ŕoʔ lḁʔ ḁŕeʔ

All forms, when declined in the genitive case, can play the role of an indeclinable possessive adjective, being placed before a noun, or the role of indeclinable possessive pronoun, being placed before a demonstrative pronominal form. 

ťere̥k tape̥ ë̥laš annḁm ḁŕeš
my father saw your mother

ťere̥k tape̥ ë̥laš ʔțë̥m ḁŕeš
my father saw yours
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