User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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Unlike any other elements of the sentence, the personal pronouns compulsorily distinguish the number singular from the plural.


In the 3<sup><small>rd</small></sup> person, a double distinction is made. There are, actually, two forms, referring respectively to either ''animated'' beings or ''inanimate'' entities.
Nei testi più tardi sono presenti, tuttavia, forme irregolari abbreviate di accusativo e di dativo:


In the 1<sup><small>st</small></sup>, 2<sup><small>nd</small></sup> and 3<sup><small>rd</small></sup> animate persons an additional distinction is made between ''formal'' and ''informal'' forms. Formal pronouns are used in formal contexts, out of politeness, and are derived from former so-called ''royal pronouns'', reserved for people with a higher social status in the earlier middle period. Over time, their usage have changed in a distinction of ''politeness / familiarity''.
{|-
| style="width: 100px;"| <small>''<center>accusative</center>''</small> || style="width: 100px;"| roon || style="width: 100px;"| roožon || style="width: 100px;"| šeen || style="width: 100px;"| šeežen
|-
| <small>''<center>dative</center>''</small> || rooh || roožoh || šeeh || šeežeh
|}


<small>''(Throughout this grammar in examples the informal forms are primarily used, since they are regarded as the most familiar in the spoken language.)''</small>
All forms, when declined in the genitive case, can play the role of an indeclinable possessive adjective, being placed before a noun, or the role of indeclinable possessive pronoun, being placed before a demonstrative pronominal form.


All forms, if adjoined by the preposition gü, play the role of an indeclinable possessive pronoun, being placed after a demonstrative pronominal form.
roorra llærme šeežerræ nasnaano tuurkarapudd
<small>my father saw your mother</small>


  osã gö̃ vuɣner nuvɔ uc gü eʂeʂ
  roorra llærme šeežerræ taano tuurkarapudd
  <small>my father saw yours</small>
  <small>my father saw yours</small>

Revision as of 07:27, 8 July 2025

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns convey only the first two persons (1st and 2nd) in both numbers. Unlike nominal or adjectival roots, these root are monosyllabic.

They are declined with the same endings as the nominal declension, and select only the animate plural ending, as they refer always to animated entities.

1stperson
2ndperson
singular
plural
singular
plural
nominative
 roo roožo šee šeeže
accusative
 roono roožono šeene šeežene
genitive
 roorra roožorra šeerræ šeežerræ
dative
 roohoo roožohoo šeehee šeežehee
ablative
 roośu roožośu šeeśi šeežeśi
instrumental
 rooddoo roožoddoo šeeddee šeežeddee
locative
 roomu roožomu šeemi šeežemi
allative
 roomo roožomo šeeme šeežeme
delative
 rooma roožoma šeemæ šeežemæ
benefactive
 rooga roožoga šeegæ šeežegæ
causative
 roobbuu roožobbuu šeebbii šeežebbii
abessive
 roojjo roožojjo šeejje šeežejje
essive
 roowaa roožowaa šeewææ šeežewææ
comparative
 roohha roožohha šeehhæ šeežehhæ
contrastive
 rookka roožokka šeekkæ šeežekkæ
partitive
 rooppuu roožoppuu šeeppii šeežeppii


Nei testi più tardi sono presenti, tuttavia, forme irregolari abbreviate di accusativo e di dativo:

accusative
 roon roožon šeen šeežen
dative
 rooh roožoh šeeh šeežeh

All forms, when declined in the genitive case, can play the role of an indeclinable possessive adjective, being placed before a noun, or the role of indeclinable possessive pronoun, being placed before a demonstrative pronominal form. 

roorra llærme šeežerræ nasnaano tuurkarapudd
my father saw your mother

roorra llærme šeežerræ taano tuurkarapudd
my father saw yours
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