User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions
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===Personal pronouns=== | ===Personal pronouns=== | ||
Personal pronouns feature a distinction between two forms for the direct case. The first form (<small>named ''direct<sub><small>1</small></sub>''</small>) is used as the subject of the clauses, for every kind of verbs. The second form (<small>named ''direct<sub><small>2</small></sub>''</small>) is used as the direct object of the clause, for transitive verbs, and with every preposition requiring the direct case. | Personal pronouns feature a distinction between two forms for the direct case. The first form (<small>named ''direct<sub><small>1</small></sub>''</small>) is used as the subject of the clauses, for every kind of verbs. The second form (<small>named ''direct<sub><small>2</small></sub>''</small>) is used as the direct object of the clause, for transitive verbs, and with every preposition requiring the direct case. They do not have any forms for the basic case, the direct forms as subjects are used as vocative forms. | ||
Moreover, the | Moreover, the 1<sup><small>st</small></sup> person has two different roots, exhibiting thus a mixed declension. On the other hand, the 2<sup><small>nd</small></sup> and the 3<sup><small>rd</small></sup>person have only one root, displaying, however, a similar irregular declension. | ||
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| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> sing.''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> sing.''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> sing.''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> plur.''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> plur.''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> plur.''</small></center> | | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> sing.''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> sing.''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> sing.''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> plur.''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> plur.''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> plur.''</small></center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>''direct<sub><small>1</small></sub>''</small></center> || | | <center><small>''direct<sub><small>1</small></sub>''</small></center> || owtu || æpjixu || æstu || owtun || æpjixun || æpstun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>''direct<sub><small>2</small></sub>''</small></center> || | | <center><small>''direct<sub><small>2</small></sub>''</small></center> || ju || æpji || æs || jun || æpjin || æn | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>'' | | <center><small>''oblique''</small></center> || juha || æpjiha || æsa || juna || æpjina || æna | ||
|} | |} | ||
First and second person forms are meant as referents for 1<sup>st</sup> class entities; the endings for the secondary cases are thus not used with them. Conversely, the third person forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms are used whether the referred name belongs to the 1<sup>st</sup> or the 2<sup>nd</sup> class. | First and second person forms are meant as referents for 1<sup>st</sup> class entities; the endings for the secondary cases are thus not used with them. Conversely, the third person forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms are used whether the referred name belongs to the 1<sup>st</sup> or the 2<sup>nd</sup> class. | ||
Revision as of 03:51, 5 July 2025
Personal pronouns
Personal pronouns feature a distinction between two forms for the direct case. The first form (named direct1) is used as the subject of the clauses, for every kind of verbs. The second form (named direct2) is used as the direct object of the clause, for transitive verbs, and with every preposition requiring the direct case. They do not have any forms for the basic case, the direct forms as subjects are used as vocative forms.
Moreover, the 1st person has two different roots, exhibiting thus a mixed declension. On the other hand, the 2nd and the 3rdperson have only one root, displaying, however, a similar irregular declension.
| owtu | æpjixu | æstu | owtun | æpjixun | æpstun | |
| ju | æpji | æs | jun | æpjin | æn | |
| juha | æpjiha | æsa | juna | æpjina | æna |
First and second person forms are meant as referents for 1st class entities; the endings for the secondary cases are thus not used with them. Conversely, the third person forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms are used whether the referred name belongs to the 1st or the 2nd class.
