User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions
| Line 658: | Line 658: | ||
| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>triliteral root</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>biliteral root</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>triliteral root</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>biliteral root</small>''</center> | | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>triliteral root</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>biliteral root</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>triliteral root</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>biliteral root</small>''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>CC''' | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>CC'''ḁ̈'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>C'''ḁ̈'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>CC'''ü̥'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>C'''ü̥'''C'''u'''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>CC''' | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>CC'''ḁ̈'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>C'''ḁ̈'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>CC'''ü̥'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>C'''ü̥'''C'''u'''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>CC''' | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>CC'''ḁ̈'''C'''e'''</center> || <center>C'''ḁ̈'''C'''e'''</center> || <center>CC'''ü̥'''C'''o'''</center> || <center>C'''ü̥'''C'''o'''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>CC''' | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>CC'''ḁ̈'''C'''im'''</center> || <center>C'''ḁ̈'''C'''im'''</center> || <center>CC'''ü̥'''C'''um'''</center> || <center>C'''ü̥'''C'''um'''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>CC''' | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>CC'''ḁ̈'''C'''iš'''</center> || <center>C'''ḁ̈'''C'''iš'''</center> || <center>CC'''ü̥'''C'''uš'''</center> || <center>C'''ü̥'''C'''uš'''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>CC''' | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>CC'''ḁ̈'''C'''it'''</center> || <center>C'''ḁ̈'''C'''it'''</center> || <center>CC'''ü̥'''C'''ut'''</center> || <center>C'''ü̥'''C'''ut'''</center> | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 677: | Line 677: | ||
| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>termel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>šekel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>ŕokmel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>korel</small>''</center> | | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>termel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>šekel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>ŕokmel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>korel</small>''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>trḁ̈mu</center> || <center>šḁ̈ku</center> || <center>ŕkü̥mu</center> || <center>kü̥ru</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>trḁ̈mu</center> || <center>šḁ̈ku</center> || <center>ŕkü̥mu</center> || <center>kü̥ru</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>trḁ̈me</center> || <center>šḁ̈ke</center> || <center>ŕkü̥mo</center> || <center>kü̥ro</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>trḁ̈mim</center> || <center>šḁ̈kim</center> || <center>ŕkü̥mum</center> || <center>kü̥rum</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>trḁ̈miš</center> || <center>šḁ̈kiš</center> || <center>ŕkü̥muš</center> || <center>kü̥ruš</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>trḁ̈mit</center> || <center>šḁ̈kit</center> || <center>ŕkü̥mut</center> || <center>kü̥rut</center> | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>triliteral root</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>triliteral root</small>''</center> | | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>triliteral root</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>triliteral root</small>''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>C'''ë'''C''' | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>C'''ë'''C'''ḁ̈'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>C'''ë'''C'''ü̥'''C'''u'''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>C'''ë'''C''' | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>C'''ë'''C'''ḁ̈'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>C'''ë'''C'''ü̥'''C'''u'''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>C'''ë'''C''' | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>C'''ë'''C'''ḁ̈'''C'''e'''</center> || <center>C'''ë'''C'''ü̥'''C'''o'''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>C'''ë'''C''' | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>C'''ë'''C'''ḁ̈'''C'''im'''</center> || <center>C'''ë'''C'''ü̥'''C'''um'''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>C'''ë'''C''' | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>C'''ë'''C'''ḁ̈'''C'''iš'''</center> || <center>C'''ë'''C'''ü̥'''C'''uš'''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>C'''ë'''C''' | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>C'''ë'''C'''ḁ̈'''C'''it'''</center> || <center>C'''ë'''C'''ü̥'''C'''ut'''</center> | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 717: | Line 717: | ||
| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>fekçel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>fosrel</small>''</center> | | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>fekçel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>fosrel</small>''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>fëkḁ̈çu</center> || <center>fësü̥ru</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>fëkḁ̈çu</center> || <center>fësü̥ru</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>fëkḁ̈çe</center> || <center>fësü̥ro</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>fëkḁ̈çim</center> || <center>fësü̥rum</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>fëkḁ̈çiš</center> || <center>fësü̥ruš</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>fëkḁ̈çit</center> || <center>fësü̥rut</center> | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>kyse̥nsel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>šejakel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>loxaqŕel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>śojuʔel</small>''</center> | | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>kyse̥nsel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>šejakel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>loxaqŕel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>śojuʔel</small>''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>knysḁ̈mu</center> || <center>šḁ̈jaku</center> || <center>lqü̥xamu</center> || <center>śü̥juʔu</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>knysḁ̈mu</center> || <center>šḁ̈jaku</center> || <center>lqü̥xamu</center> || <center>śü̥juʔu</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>knysḁ̈me</center> || <center>šḁ̈jake</center> || <center>lqü̥xamo</center> || <center>śü̥juʔo</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>knysḁ̈mim</center> || <center>šḁ̈jakim</center> || <center>lqü̥xamum</center> || <center>śü̥juʔum</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>knysḁ̈miš</center> || <center>šḁ̈jakiš</center> || <center>lqü̥xamuš</center> || <center>śü̥juʔuš</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>knysḁ̈mit</center> || <center>šḁ̈jakit</center> || <center>lqü̥xamut</center> || <center>śü̥juʔut</center> | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 761: | Line 761: | ||
| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>triliteral root</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>biliteral root</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>triliteral root</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>biliteral root</small>''</center> | | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>triliteral root</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>biliteral root</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>triliteral root</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>biliteral root</small>''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>'''ju'''CC''' | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>'''ju'''CC'''ḁ̈'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>'''ju'''C'''ḁ̈'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>'''ju'''CC'''ü̥'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>'''ju'''C'''ü̥'''C'''u'''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>'''jö'''CC''' | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>'''jö'''CC'''ḁ̈'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>'''jö'''C'''ḁ̈'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>'''jü'''CC'''ü̥'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>'''jü'''C'''ü̥'''C'''u'''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>'''jö'''CC''' | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>'''jö'''CC'''ḁ̈'''C'''e'''</center> || <center>'''jö'''C'''ḁ̈'''C'''e'''</center> || <center>'''jü'''CC'''ü̥'''C'''o'''</center> || <center>'''jü'''C'''ü̥'''C'''o'''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>'''ë'''CC''' | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>'''ë'''CC'''ḁ̈'''C'''em'''</center> || <center>'''ë'''C'''ḁ̈'''C'''em'''</center> || <center>'''ë'''CC'''ü̥'''C'''om'''</center> || <center>'''ë'''C'''ü̥'''C'''om'''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>'''ë'''CC''' | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>'''ë'''CC'''ḁ̈'''C'''eš'''</center> || <center>'''ë'''C'''ḁ̈'''C'''eš'''</center> || <center>'''ë'''CC'''ü̥'''C'''oš'''</center> || <center>'''ë'''C'''ü̥'''C'''oš'''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>'''ë'''CC''' | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>'''ë'''CC'''ḁ̈'''C'''et'''</center> || <center>'''ë'''C'''ḁ̈'''C'''et'''</center> || <center>'''ë'''CC'''ü̥'''C'''ot'''</center> || <center>'''ë'''C'''ü̥'''C'''ot'''</center> | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>termel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>šekel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>ŕokmel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>korel</small>''</center> | | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>termel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>šekel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>ŕokmel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>korel</small>''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>jutrḁ̈mu</center> || <center>jušḁ̈ku</center> || <center>juŕkü̥mu</center> || <center>jukü̥ru</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>jötrḁ̈mu</center> || <center>jöšḁ̈ku</center> || <center>jüŕkü̥mu</center> || <center>jükü̥ru</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>jötrḁ̈me</center> || <center>jöšḁ̈ke</center> || <center>jüŕkü̥mo</center> || <center>jükü̥ro</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ëtrḁ̈mem</center> || <center>ëšḁ̈kem</center> || <center>ëŕkü̥mom</center> || <center>ëkü̥rom</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ëtrḁ̈meš</center> || <center>ëšḁ̈keš</center> || <center>ëŕkü̥moš</center> || <center>ëkü̥roš</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ëtrḁ̈met</center> || <center>ëšḁ̈ket</center> || <center>ëŕkü̥mot</center> || <center>ëkü̥rot</center> | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 801: | Line 801: | ||
| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>kyse̥nsel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>šejakel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>loxaqŕel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>śojuʔel</small>''</center> | | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>kyse̥nsel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>šejakel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>loxaqŕel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>śojuʔel</small>''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>juknysḁ̈mu</center> || <center>jušḁ̈jaku</center> || <center>julqü̥xamu</center> || <center>juśü̥juʔu</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>jöknysḁ̈mu</center> || <center>jöšḁ̈jaku</center> || <center>jülqü̥xamu</center> || <center>jüśü̥juʔu</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>jöknysḁ̈me</center> || <center>jöšḁ̈jake</center> || <center>jülqü̥xamo</center> || <center>jüśü̥juʔo</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ëknysḁ̈mem</center> || <center>ëšḁ̈jakem</center> || <center>ëlqü̥xamom</center> || <center>ëśü̥juʔom</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ëknysḁ̈meš</center> || <center>ëšḁ̈jakeš</center> || <center>ëlqü̥xamoš</center> || <center>ëśü̥juʔoš</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ëknysḁ̈met</center> || <center>ëšḁ̈jaket</center> || <center>ëlqü̥xamot</center> || <center>ëśü̥juʔot</center> | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 822: | Line 822: | ||
| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>fekçel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>fosrel</small>''</center> | | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>fekçel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>fosrel</small>''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>jusqäțxḁ̈su</center> || <center>junöʔcicü̥ru</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>jösqäțxḁ̈su</center> || <center>jönöʔcicü̥ru</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>jösqäțxḁ̈se</center> || <center>jönöʔcicü̥ro</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ësqäțxḁ̈sem</center> || <center>ënöʔcicü̥rom</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ësqäțxḁ̈seš</center> || <center>ënöʔcicü̥roš</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center> | | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ësqäțxḁ̈set</center> || <center>ënöʔcicü̥rot</center> | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 07:01, 30 June 2025
Conjugation of verbs
Sample verbs (two samples with a triliteral root, and two samples with a biliteral root):
- Conjugation I: termel, to sell - šekel, to give
- Conjugation II: ŕokmel, to lead - korel, to judge
Declarative valency
Active diathesis
Indicative mood
Imperfective present
In the imperfective present, verbs are conjugated according to the following patterns:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. | ||||
Examples:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
In the conjugation of triliteral roots, an euphonic vowel -ë- can be inserted in the three plural persons, if an unallowed initial consonant cluster appears.
| 1st sing. | ||
| 2nd sing. | ||
| 3rd sing. | ||
| 1st plur. | ||
| 2nd plur. | ||
| 3rd plur. |
With the sample verbs fekçel, to count, and fosrel, to hear:
| 1st sing. | ||
| 2nd sing. | ||
| 3rd sing. | ||
| 1st plur. | ||
| 2nd plur. | ||
| 3rd plur. |
When a verb is derived from another verbal form through a derivative infix, this infix does not change in conjugation and stays next to the primary vowel inside the conjugation patterns.
With the sample verbs kyse̥nsel, to fall asleep, še̥jakel, to give as a present, lo̥xaqŕel, to exploit, and fosrel, to expel, to exile:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
When a verb is derived from another verbal form through a derivative prefix, this prefix does not change in conjugation and stays before the first root consonant. Other prefixes of the conjugation patterns are placed before the derivative prefixes.
With the sample verbs sqäțe̥xsel, to safeguard, and nöʔcico̥rel, to sacrifice:
| 1st sing. | ||
| 2nd sing. | ||
| 3rd sing. | ||
| 1st plur. | ||
| 2nd plur. | ||
| 3rd plur. |
Imperfective past
In the imperfective past, verbs are conjugated according to the following patterns:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. | ||||
Examples:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
In the conjugation of triliteral roots, an euphonic vowel -ë- can be inserted in all persons, if an unallowed initial consonant cluster appears.
| 1st sing. | ||
| 2nd sing. | ||
| 3rd sing. | ||
| 1st plur. | ||
| 2nd plur. | ||
| 3rd plur. |
With the sample verbs fekçel, to count, and fosrel, to hear:
| 1st sing. | ||
| 2nd sing. | ||
| 3rd sing. | ||
| 1st plur. | ||
| 2nd plur. | ||
| 3rd plur. |
When a verb is derived from another verbal form through a derivative infix, this infix does not change in conjugation and stays next to the primary vowel inside the conjugation patterns.
With the sample verbs kyse̥nsel, to fall asleep, še̥jakel, to give as a present, lo̥xaqŕel, to exploit, and fosrel, to expel, to exile:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
Imperfective future
In the imperfective future, verbs are conjugated according to the following patterns:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. | ||||
Examples:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
When a verb is derived from another verbal form through a derivative infix, this infix does not change in conjugation and stays next to the primary vowel inside the conjugation patterns.
With the sample verbs kyse̥nsel, to fall asleep, še̥jakel, to give as a present, lo̥xaqŕel, to exploit, and fosrel, to expel, to exile:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
When a verb is derived from another verbal form through a derivative prefix, this prefix does not change in conjugation and stays before the first root consonant. Other prefixes of the conjugation patterns are placed before the derivative prefixes.
With the sample verbs sqäțe̥xsel, to safeguard, and nöʔcico̥rel, to sacrifice:
| 1st sing. | ||
| 2nd sing. | ||
| 3rd sing. | ||
| 1st plur. | ||
| 2nd plur. | ||
| 3rd plur. |
Perfective present
In the perfective present or perfect, verbs are conjugated according to the following patterns:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. | ||||
Examples:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
When a verb is derived from another verbal form through a derivative infix, this infix does not change in conjugation and stays next to the primary vowel inside the conjugation patterns.
With the sample verbs kyse̥nsel, to fall asleep, še̥jakel, to give as a present, lo̥xaqŕel, to exploit, and fosrel, to expel, to exile:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
Perfective past
In the perfective past, verbs are conjugated according to the following patterns:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. | ||||
Examples:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
When a verb is derived from another verbal form through a derivative infix, this infix does not change in conjugation and stays next to the primary vowel inside the conjugation patterns.
With the sample verbs kyse̥nsel, to fall asleep, še̥jakel, to give as a present, lo̥xaqŕel, to exploit, and fosrel, to expel, to exile:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
Perfective future
In the perfective future, verbs are conjugated according to the following patterns:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. | ||||
Examples:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
As it can be noticed, the first two persons in this tense in the conjugation of biliteral roots display identical forms with the forms in the imperfective future tense. The two aspect are distinguished only by the context of the sentence.
When a verb is derived from another verbal form through a derivative infix, this infix does not change in conjugation and stays next to the primary vowel inside the conjugation patterns.
With the sample verbs kyse̥nsel, to fall asleep, še̥jakel, to give as a present, lo̥xaqŕel, to exploit, and fosrel, to expel, to exile:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
Subjunctive mood
The subjunctive mood is derived from the indicative mood by altering the thematic vowel. Conversely, the conjugation patterns for all tenses remain the same:
| Conjugation I | ||
| Conjugation II |
Imperfective present
In the imperfective present, verbs are conjugated according to the following patterns:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. | ||||
Examples:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
In the conjugation of triliteral roots, an euphonic vowel -ë- can be inserted in the three plural persons, if an unallowed initial consonant cluster appears.
| 1st sing. | ||
| 2nd sing. | ||
| 3rd sing. | ||
| 1st plur. | ||
| 2nd plur. | ||
| 3rd plur. |
With the sample verbs fekçel, to count, and fosrel, to hear:
| 1st sing. | ||
| 2nd sing. | ||
| 3rd sing. | ||
| 1st plur. | ||
| 2nd plur. | ||
| 3rd plur. |
When a verb is derived from another verbal form through a derivative infix, this infix does not change in conjugation and stays next to the primary vowel inside the conjugation patterns.
With the sample verbs kyse̥nsel, to fall asleep, še̥jakel, to give as a present, lo̥xaqŕel, to exploit, and fosrel, to expel, to exile:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
When a verb is derived from another verbal form through a derivative prefix, this prefix does not change in conjugation and stays before the first root consonant. Other prefixes of the conjugation patterns are placed before the derivative prefixes.
With the sample verbs sqäțe̥xsel, to safeguard, and nöʔcico̥rel, to sacrifice:
| 1st sing. | ||
| 2nd sing. | ||
| 3rd sing. | ||
| 1st plur. | ||
| 2nd plur. | ||
| 3rd plur. |
Imperfective past
In the imperfective past, verbs are conjugated according to the following patterns:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. | ||||
Examples:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
In the conjugation of triliteral roots, an euphonic vowel -ë- can be inserted in all persons, if an unallowed initial consonant cluster appears.
| 1st sing. | ||
| 2nd sing. | ||
| 3rd sing. | ||
| 1st plur. | ||
| 2nd plur. | ||
| 3rd plur. |
With the sample verbs fekçel, to count, and fosrel, to hear:
| 1st sing. | ||
| 2nd sing. | ||
| 3rd sing. | ||
| 1st plur. | ||
| 2nd plur. | ||
| 3rd plur. |
When a verb is derived from another verbal form through a derivative infix, this infix does not change in conjugation and stays next to the primary vowel inside the conjugation patterns.
With the sample verbs kyse̥nsel, to fall asleep, še̥jakel, to give as a present, lo̥xaqŕel, to exploit, and fosrel, to expel, to exile:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
Imperfective future
In the imperfective future, verbs are conjugated according to the following patterns:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. | ||||
Examples:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
When a verb is derived from another verbal form through a derivative infix, this infix does not change in conjugation and stays next to the primary vowel inside the conjugation patterns.
With the sample verbs kyse̥nsel, to fall asleep, še̥jakel, to give as a present, lo̥xaqŕel, to exploit, and fosrel, to expel, to exile:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
When a verb is derived from another verbal form through a derivative prefix, this prefix does not change in conjugation and stays before the first root consonant. Other prefixes of the conjugation patterns are placed before the derivative prefixes.
With the sample verbs sqäțe̥xsel, to safeguard, and nöʔcico̥rel, to sacrifice:
| 1st sing. | ||
| 2nd sing. | ||
| 3rd sing. | ||
| 1st plur. | ||
| 2nd plur. | ||
| 3rd plur. |
Perfective present
In the perfective present or perfect, verbs are conjugated according to the following patterns:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. | ||||
Examples:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
When a verb is derived from another verbal form through a derivative infix, this infix does not change in conjugation and stays next to the primary vowel inside the conjugation patterns.
With the sample verbs kyse̥nsel, to fall asleep, še̥jakel, to give as a present, lo̥xaqŕel, to exploit, and fosrel, to expel, to exile:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
Perfective past
In the perfective past, verbs are conjugated according to the following patterns:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. | ||||
Examples:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
When a verb is derived from another verbal form through a derivative infix, this infix does not change in conjugation and stays next to the primary vowel inside the conjugation patterns.
With the sample verbs kyse̥nsel, to fall asleep, še̥jakel, to give as a present, lo̥xaqŕel, to exploit, and fosrel, to expel, to exile:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
Perfective future
In the perfective future, verbs are conjugated according to the following patterns:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. | ||||
Examples:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |
As it can be noticed, the first two persons in this tense in the conjugation of biliteral roots display identical forms with the forms in the imperfective future tense. The two aspect are distinguished only by the context of the sentence.
When a verb is derived from another verbal form through a derivative infix, this infix does not change in conjugation and stays next to the primary vowel inside the conjugation patterns.
With the sample verbs kyse̥nsel, to fall asleep, še̥jakel, to give as a present, lo̥xaqŕel, to exploit, and fosrel, to expel, to exile:
| 1st sing. | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ||||
| 1st plur. | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ||||
| 3rd plur. |