User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions
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The ''passive participle'' is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which undergo an action, or inactively are in a certain state. Despite the lack of a verbal passive form, this participle is the closest form to such role. It can, however, be used only as an adjective and it is often used to build relative clauses. | The ''passive participle'' is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which undergo an action, or inactively are in a certain state. Despite the lack of a verbal passive form, this participle is the closest form to such role. It can, however, be used only as an adjective and it is often used to build relative clauses. | ||
Revision as of 02:34, 30 June 2025
Conjugation of verbs
As already mentioned, conjungation affixes are added to the verbal root in the followin order: mood - aspect - tense. Since their morphological relevance is essentially inverse to their order, these affixes will be analysed in a reverse order.
Sample verbs: egmir, to write (with a front leading vowel), and tuurkar, to see, (with a back leading vowel).
Tense
Tense suffixes display two forms, the positive form and the negative form.
| present | ||||
| past | ||||
| future | ||||
The negative forms are used to convey negation of the verb:
roo šeežene tuurkaruud → roo šeežene tuurkaroor I saw you → I didn't see you
Negation is thus conveyed by these suffixes.
Examples:
| present | ||||
| past | ||||
| future | ||||
Aspect
| habitual | ||
| progressive | ||
| perfect | ||
| resultative |
Examples:
| habitual | ||
| progressive | ||
| perfect | ||
| resultative |
Mood
| indicative | ||
| imperative | ||
| optative | ||
| potential |
Examples:
| indicative | ||
| imperative | ||
| optative | ||
| potential |
The imperative mood noticeably does not display distinctive suffixes from the indicative ones. It does not distinguish any tense and only the progressive suffix is usually added, to convey a stronger order in the present:
egmir! write!
egmirem! write now!
Nominal/Adjectival forms
The nominal/adjectival forms are usually declined following the nominal declension, with its endings. As verbal forms, however, they can take the modal and aspectual suffixes, before their proper ending.
Nominal/adjectival suffixes, like the tense ones, display two forms, the positive form and the negative form.
| infinitive | ||||
| active participle | ||||
| passive participle | ||||
The negative forms are used to convey negation of the nominal/adjectival form:
śiibædemænti reti → śiibædeminti reti a person who's sleeping → A person who isn't sleeping
Negation is thus conveyed also by these suffixes.
The infinitive is a nominal form of a verb. It is used as a verbal noun in sentences, and it can be declined. Unlike the normal nominal declension, the accusative form of the infinitive always coincides with the nominative one. It is widely used in the formation of dependent clauses, being also called the subordinate form. The object of this form is regularly declined in the accusative case, but an eventual subject is declined in the ablative case.
The active participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which actively perform an action. It is often used to build relative clauses.
The passive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which undergo an action, or inactively are in a certain state. Despite the lack of a verbal passive form, this participle is the closest form to such role. It can, however, be used only as an adjective and it is often used to build relative clauses.
