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Conjugation of a regular verb

Sample verb: mɔcedəjge, to pick up, to collect

Active diathesis

Indicative mood

Present tense

The present is a simple tense. The personal endings are added to the imperfective root:

1^st sing.	mɔcedɔ
2^nd sing.	mɔcedih
3^rd sing.	mɔced
1^st plur.	mɔcedunɔ
2^nd plur.	mɔcedunih
3^rd plur.	mɔcedun

In the 3^rd singular person, which features the null ending, irregularities may often occur, like dropping or altering the last root consonant:

íméham → ímé
to go → he/she/it goes

namíɣam → namík
to bite → he/she/it bites

There are, however, a sizeable amount of irregular verbs. Among these verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, to have, and kiɣam, to come, is shown:

	tòram	kiɣam
1^st sing.	tòrò	kiɣò
2^nd sing.	tôh	kîh
3^rd sing.	tòr	kìɣ
1^st plur.	tòrô	kiɣô
2^nd plur.	tòrôh	kiɣôh
3^rd plur.	tôr	kîɣ

The present tense conveys ongoing, habitual or gnomic actions or states.

Imperfect tense

The imperfect is a simple tense. The personal endings and the augment, -á-, are added to the verbal roots:

1^st sing.	áránosò
2^nd sing.	áránosəh
3^rd sing.	árános
1^st plur.	áránosonò
2^nd plur.	áránosonəh
3^rd plur.	áránoson

In the 3^rd singular person, which features the null ending, irregularities may often occur, like dropping or altering the last root consonant:

íméham → ěmé
to go → he/she/it was going

namíɣam → ánamík
to bite → he/she/it was biting

However, most irregularities occur in the verbal root, due to the augment. The augment prefix can merge with the verbal root, with possible prominent alterations, resulting in a sort of a past root, different from the basic verbal root. As an example, the verbs íméham, to go, and lîβam, to see:

	íméham	lîβam
1^st sing.	ěmehò	êβò
2^nd sing.	ěméhəh	êβéh
3^rd sing.	ěmé	êp
1^st plur.	ěméhonò	êβonò
2^nd plur.	ěméhonəh	êβonəh
3^rd plur.	ěméhon	êβon

Among the irregular verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, to have, and kiɣam, to come, is shown:

	tòram	kiɣam
1^st sing.	áðòrò	áɣiɣò
2^nd sing.	áðôh	áɣîh
3^rd sing.	áðòr	áɣìɣ
1^st plur.	áðòrô	áɣiɣô
2^nd plur.	áðòrôh	áɣiɣôh
3^rd plur.	áðôr	áɣîɣ

The 3^rd singular person in the imperfect tense usually display both the typical irregularities of the null ending and the typical irregularities of the augment merging. Thus it is normally cited in dictionary to exemplify the irregularities of the verbs:

lîβam (êp)
to see

The imperfect tense conveys ongoing or habitual actions or states in the past.

Preterite tense

The preterite is a compound tense. It is built with the indicative present forms of the verb tòram, to have, with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:

1^st sing.	tòrò áránosíðə
2^nd sing.	tôh áránosíðə
3^rd sing.	tòr áránosíðə
1^st plur.	tòrô áránosíðə
2^nd plur.	tòrôh áránosíðə
3^rd plur.	tôr áránosíðə

This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.

The preterite tense conveys completed actions or states in the past.

Plusquamperfect tense

The plusquamperfect is a compound tense. It is built with the indicative imperfect forms of the verb tòram, to have, with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:

1^st sing.	áðòrò áránosíðə
2^nd sing.	áðôh áránosíðə
3^rd sing.	áðòr áránosíðə
1^st plur.	áðòrô áránosíðə
2^nd plur.	áðòrôh áránosíðə
3^rd plur.	áðôr áránosíðə

This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.

The plusquamperfect tense conveys completed actions or states before another past action or state.

Future tense

The future is a compound tense. It is built with the indicative present forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:

1^st sing.	kiɣò ránosam
2^nd sing.	kîh ránosam
3^rd sing.	kìɣ ránosam
1^st plur.	kiɣô ránosam
2^nd plur.	kiɣôh ránosam
3^rd plur.	kîɣ ránosam

This tense is regarded as essentially regular.

The future tense conveys actions or states which will be completed or ongoing in the future.

Anterior future tense

The anterior future is a compound tense. It is built with the indicative present forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the imperfect infinitive of the conjugated verb:

1^st sing.	kiɣò áránosam
2^nd sing.	kîh áránosam
3^rd sing.	kìɣ áránosam
1^st plur.	kiɣô áránosam
2^nd plur.	kiɣôh áránosam
3^rd plur.	kîɣ áránosam

This tense is regarded as essentially regular.

The anterior future tense conveys completed conveys actions or states which will be completed before another future action or state.

Future in the past tense

The future in the past is a compound tense. It is built with the indicative imperfect forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:

1^st sing.	áɣiɣò ránosam
2^nd sing.	áɣîh ránosam
3^rd sing.	áɣìɣ ránosam
1^st plur.	áɣiɣô ránosam
2^nd plur.	áɣiɣôh ránosam
3^rd plur.	áɣîɣ ránosam

This tense is regarded as essentially regular.

The future in the past tense conveys completed conveys actions or states which would be completed after another past action or state.

Subjunctive mood

The subjunctive mood is mostly used in dependent clauses, in the so-called personal constructional. Its usage in main clauses is quite limited, except for its role as an imperative form. It can also convey exhortation or wish.

In simple tenses, the subjunctive widely features the infix -in-, which is placed between the root and the personal endings. Thus, other normal consonantal dropping or alteration anomalies in the indicative mood do not take place.

Present tense

The present is a simple tense. The infix -in- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1^st sing.	ránosinò
2^nd sing.	ránosinəh
3^rd sing.	ránosin
1^st plur.	ránosinonò
2^nd plur.	ránosinonəh
3^rd plur.	ránosinon

Forms in the subjunctive tend to be more regular than their counterparts in the indicative mood. There are, however, a limited amount of verbs with irregular subjunctive forms. Among these verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, to have, and kiɣam, to come, is shown:

	tòram	kiɣam
1^st sing.	tìnò	kiɣinò
2^nd sing.	tìnəh	kinîh
3^rd sing.	tìn	kìɣin
1^st plur.	tìnô	kiɣinô
2^nd plur.	tìnôh	kiɣinôh
3^rd plur.	tîn	kîɣin

Usages of the subjuntive present forms in the dependent clause are diverse. As an imperative, only the 2^nd person forms are used, while other forms have an exhortative value. The sense of wish is conveyed only in the 3^rd person.

Imperfect tense

The imperfect is a simple tense. The infix -in-, the personal endings and the augment, -á-, are added to the verbal roots:

1^st sing.	áránosinò
2^nd sing.	áránosinəh
3^rd sing.	áránosin
1^st plur.	áránosinonò
2^nd plur.	áránosinonəh
3^rd plur.	áránosinon

Most irregularities occur in the verbal root, due to the augment. The augment prefix can merge with the verbal root, with possible prominent alterations, resulting in a sort of a past root, different from the basic verbal root. As an example, the verbs íméham, to go, and lîβam, to see:

	íméham	lîβam
1^st sing.	ěmehinò	êβinò
2^nd sing.	ěméhinəh	êβinéh
3^rd sing.	ěméhin	êβin
1^st plur.	ěméhinonò	êβinonò
2^nd plur.	ěméhinonəh	êβinonəh
3^rd plur.	ěméhinon	êβinon

Among the irregular verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, to have, and kiɣam, to come, is shown:

	tòram	kiɣam
1^st sing.	áðìnò	áɣiɣinò
2^nd sing.	áðìnəh	áɣinîh
3^rd sing.	áðìn	áɣìɣin
1^st plur.	áðìnô	áɣiɣinô
2^nd plur.	áðìnôh	áɣiɣinôh
3^rd plur.	áðîn	áɣîɣin

The usages of the subjunctive imperfect tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, where they can, however, be very diverse.

Preterite tense

The preterite is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive present forms of the verb tòram, to have, with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:

1^st sing.	tìnò áránosíðə
2^nd sing.	tìnəh áránosíðə
3^rd sing.	tìn áránosíðə
1^st plur.	tìnô áránosíðə
2^nd plur.	tìnôh áránosíðə
3^rd plur.	tîn áránosíðə

This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.

The usages of the subjunctive preterite tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, where they can, however, be very diverse.

Plusquamperfect tense

The plusquamperfect is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive imperfect forms of the verb tòram, to have, with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:

1^st sing.	áðìnò áránosíðə
2^nd sing.	áðìnəh áránosíðə
3^rd sing.	áðìn áránosíðə
1^st plur.	áðìnô áránosíðə
2^nd plur.	áðìnôh áránosíðə
3^rd plur.	áðîn áránosíðə

This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.

The usages of the subjunctive plusquamperfect tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, where they can, however, be very diverse.

Future tense

The future is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive present forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:

1^st sing.	kiɣinò ránosam
2^nd sing.	kinîh ránosam
3^rd sing.	kìɣin ránosam
1^st plur.	kiɣinô ránosam
2^nd plur.	kiɣinôh ránosam
3^rd plur.	kîɣin ránosam

This tense is regarded as essentially regular.

The usages of the subjunctive future tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, where they can, however, be very diverse.

Anterior future tense

The anterior future is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive present forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the imperfect infinitive of the conjugated verb:

1^st sing.	kiɣinò áránosam
2^nd sing.	kinîh áránosam
3^rd sing.	kìɣin áránosam
1^st plur.	kiɣinô áránosam
2^nd plur.	kiɣinôh áránosam
3^rd plur.	kîɣin áránosam

This tense is regarded as essentially regular.

The usages of the subjunctive anterior future tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, and in sporadic cases.

Future in the past tense

The future in the past is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive imperfect forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:

1^st sing.	áɣiɣinò ránosam
2^nd sing.	áɣinîh ránosam
3^rd sing.	áɣìɣin ránosam
1^st plur.	áɣiɣinô ránosam
2^nd plur.	áɣiɣinôh ránosam
3^rd plur.	áɣîɣin ránosam

This tense is regarded as essentially regular.

The usages of the subjunctive future in the past tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, and in very sporadic cases.

Conditional mood

The conditional mood is used to convey wish and probability. It is regularly used both in main and dependent clauses.

In simple tenses, the subjunctive widely features the infix -as-, which is placed between the root and the personal endings. Thus, other normal consonantal dropping or alteration anomalies in the indicative mood do not take place.

Present tense

The present is a simple tense. The infix -as- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1^st sing.	ránosasò
2^nd sing.	ránosasəh
3^rd sing.	ránosas
1^st plur.	ránosasonò
2^nd plur.	ránosasonəh
3^rd plur.	ránosason

Forms in the conditional tend to be more regular than their counterparts in the indicative mood. There are, however, a limited amount of verbs with irregular subjunctive forms. Among these verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, to have, and kiɣam, to come, is shown:

	tòram	kiɣam
1^st sing.	tàsò	kiɣasò
2^nd sing.	tàsəh	kjâh
3^rd sing.	tàs	kjàɣ
1^st plur.	tàsô	kiɣasô
2^nd plur.	tàsôh	kiɣasôh
3^rd plur.	tâs	kjâɣ

The conditional present tense conveys its meanings in the present and in the near future. It has also diverse usages in the dependent clauses

Imperfect tense

The imperfect is a simple tense. The infix -as-, the personal endings and the augment, -á-, are added to the verbal roots:

1^st sing.	áránosasò
2^nd sing.	áránosasəh
3^rd sing.	áránosas
1^st plur.	áránosasonò
2^nd plur.	áránosasonəh
3^rd plur.	áránosason

Most irregularities occur in the verbal root, due to the augment. The augment prefix can merge with the verbal root, with possible prominent alterations, resulting in a sort of a past root, different from the basic verbal root. As an example, the verbs íméham, to go, and lîβam, to see:

	íméham	lîβam
1^st sing.	ěmehasò	êβasò
2^nd sing.	ěméhasəh	êβaséh
3^rd sing.	ěméhas	êβas
1^st plur.	ěméhasonò	êβasonò
2^nd plur.	ěméhasonəh	êβasonəh
3^rd plur.	ěméhason	êβason

Among the irregular verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, to have, and kiɣam, to come, is shown:

	tòram	kiɣam
1^st sing.	áðàsò	áɣiɣasò
2^nd sing.	áðàsəh	áɣjâh
3^rd sing.	áðàs	áɣjàɣ
1^st plur.	áðàsô	áɣiɣasô
2^nd plur.	áðàsôh	áɣiɣasôh
3^rd plur.	áðâs	áɣjâɣ

The conditional imperfect tense conveys its meanings in the past and in the near future of a past event. It has also diverse usages in the dependent clauses

Preterite tense

The preterite is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional present forms of the verb tòram, to have, with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:

1^st sing.	tàsò áránosíðə
2^nd sing.	tàsəh áránosíðə
3^rd sing.	tàs áránosíðə
1^st plur.	tàsô áránosíðə
2^nd plur.	tàsôh áránosíðə
3^rd plur.	tâs áránosíðə

This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.

The usages of the conditional preterite tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses.

Plusquamperfect tense

The plusquamperfect is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional imperfect forms of the verb tòram, to have, with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:

1^st sing.	áðàsò áránosíðə
2^nd sing.	áðàsəh áránosíðə
3^rd sing.	áðàs áránosíðə
1^st plur.	áðàsô áránosíðə
2^nd plur.	áðàsôh áránosíðə
3^rd plur.	áðâs áránosíðə

This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.

The usages of the conditional plusquamperfect tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses.

Future tense

The future is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional present forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:

1^st sing.	kiɣasò ránosam
2^nd sing.	kjâh ránosam
3^rd sing.	kjàɣ ránosam
1^st plur.	kiɣasô ránosam
2^nd plur.	kiɣasôh ránosam
3^rd plur.	kjâɣ ránosam

This tense is regarded as essentially regular.

The usages of the conditional future tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses.

Anterior future tense

The anterior future is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional present forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the imperfect infinitive of the conjugated verb:

1^st sing.	kiɣasò áránosam
2^nd sing.	kjâh áránosam
3^rd sing.	kjàɣ áránosam
1^st plur.	kiɣasô áránosam
2^nd plur.	kiɣasôh áránosam
3^rd plur.	kjâɣ áránosam

This tense is regarded as essentially regular.

The usages of the conditional anterior future tense are extremely limited, usually to dependent clauses.

Future in the past tense

The future in the past is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional imperfect forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:

1^st sing.	áɣiɣasò ránosam
2^nd sing.	áɣjâh ránosam
3^rd sing.	áɣjàɣ ránosam
1^st plur.	áɣiɣasô ránosam
2^nd plur.	áɣiɣasôh ránosam
3^rd plur.	áɣjâɣ ránosam

This tense is regarded as essentially regular.

The usages of the conditional future in the past tense are extremely limited, usually to dependent clauses.

Non-finite forms

The non-finite verbal forms are:

Infinitive

It is regarded as the citation form of the verb, and it is not conjugated in person or number. It has, however, a present and a past form, this last formed through the augment. It can take the modal infixes, thus forming a subjunctive and a conditional form.

	indicative	subjunctive	conditional
present	ránosam	ránosinam	ránosasam
past	áránosam	áránosinam	áránosasam

The infinitive is a nominal form of a verb. It is used as a verbal noun in sentences, but it cannot be declined as a normal noun; a declension is possible only through the prepositive article. It is regarded as a 2^nd class noun.

In its indicative form it is often used as object of modal and auxiliary verbs, while the subjunctive and the conditional forms are mostly used in dependent clauses.

Participle

There are two participial forms, the active participle, and the passive participle. They are used primarily in verbal conjugation, but they can also have an adjectival role, adjoining a noun and pointing to an active or passive role of such noun in the action.

The active participle is formed through the ending -íðə, while the passive participle through the ending -uɣi. They have a present and a past form, this last formed through the augment.

	present	past
active	ránosíðə	áránosíðə
passive	ránosuɣi	áránosuɣi

There are, however, a sizeable amount of verbs, with irregular forms, usually due to the augment. The augment prefix can merge with the verbal root, with possible prominent alterations.

	lîβam
	present	past
active	lîβíðə	êβíðə
passive	lîβuɣi	êβuɣi

The active participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which actively perform an action. The passive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. IIt is linked to nouns which undergo an action, or inactively are in a certain state.

When they are used in the verbal conjugation, participles are deemed as indeclinable forms, while if they are used as adjectives they follow the same rule of qualifying adjectives and are declined through the prepositive article.

Passive diathesis

The passive diathesis displays only compound forms, in every mood and tense. These forms are always built through the auxiliary verb kiɣam, to come with the various forms of the passive participle.

The usage of the different moods and tenses is exactly the same as the active diathesis.

Indicative mood

Tense	Construction
present	indicative present forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
imperfect	indicative imperfect forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
preterite	indicative present forms of kiɣam + past passive participle
plusquamperfect	indicative imperfect forms of kiɣam + past passive participle
future	indicative future forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
anterior future	indicative future forms of kiɣam + past passive participle
future in the past	indicative future in the past forms of kiɣam + present passive participle

Examples (for each tense only the 1^st person singular form is shown):

Tense	Example
present	kiɣò ránosuɣi, ...
imperfect	áɣiɣò ránosuɣi, ...
preterite	kiɣò áránosuɣi, ...
plusquamperfect	áɣiɣò áránosuɣi, ...
future	kiɣò kiɣam ránosuɣi, ...
anterior future	kiɣò kiɣam áránosuɣi, ...
future in the past	áɣiɣò kiɣam ránosuɣi, ...

Subjunctive mood

Tense	Construction
present	subjunctive present forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
imperfect	subjunctive imperfect forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
preterite	subjunctive present forms of kiɣam + past passive participle
plusquamperfect	subjunctive imperfect forms of kiɣam + past passive participle
future	subjunctive future forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
anterior future	subjunctive future forms of kiɣam + past passive participle
future in the past	subjunctive future in the past forms of kiɣam + present passive participle

Examples (for each tense only the 1^st person singular form is shown):

Tense	Example
present	kiɣinò ránosuɣi, ...
imperfect	áɣiɣinò ránosuɣi, ...
preterite	kiɣinò áránosuɣi, ...
plusquamperfect	áɣiɣinò áránosuɣi, ...
future	kiɣinò kiɣam ránosuɣi, ...
anterior future	kiɣinò kiɣam áránosuɣi, ...
future in the past	áɣiɣinò kiɣam ránosuɣi, ...

Conditional mood

Tense	Construction
present	conditional present forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
imperfect	conditional imperfect forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
preterite	conditional present forms of kiɣam + past passive participle
plusquamperfect	conditional imperfect forms of kiɣam + past passive participle
future	conditional future forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
anterior future	conditional future forms of kiɣam + past passive participle
future in the past	conditional future in the past forms of kiɣam + present passive participle

Examples (for each tense only the 1^st person singular form is shown):

Tense	Example
present	kiɣasò ránosuɣi, ...
imperfect	áɣiɣasò ránosuɣi, ...
preterite	kiɣasò áránosuɣi, ...
plusquamperfect	áɣiɣasò áránosuɣi, ...
future	kiɣasò kiɣam ránosuɣi, ...
anterior future	kiɣasò kiɣam áránosuɣi, ...
future in the past	áɣiɣasò kiɣam ránosuɣi, ...

Infinitive mood

Tense	Construction
indicative present	indicative infinitive form of kiɣam + present passive participle
indicative past	indicative infinitive form of kiɣam + past passive participle
subjunctive present	subjunctive infinitive form of kiɣam + present passive participle
subjunctive past	subjunctive infinitive form of kiɣam + past passive participle
conditional present	conditional infinitive form of kiɣam + present passive participle
conditional past	conditional infinitive form of kiɣam + past passive participle

Examples:

Tense	Example
indicative present	kiɣam ránosuɣi
indicative past	kiɣam áránosuɣi
subjunctive present	kiɣinam ránosuɣi
subjunctive past	kiɣinam áránosuɣi
conditional present	kiɣasam ránosuɣi
conditional past	kiɣasam áránosuɣi

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-=== Conjugation of a regular verb ===
+===Conjugation of a regular verb===
-Example: gɛgugiwgɛ, ''to bring''
+Sample verb: mɔcedəjge, ''to pick up, to collect''
-====Indicative mood====
+====Active diathesis====
-Four tenses are simple:
+=====Indicative mood=====
+======Present tense======
+The '''present''' is a simple tense. The personal endings are added to the imperfective root:
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| || colspan="2" | <center>''<small>imperfective</small>''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''<small>perfective</small>''</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>mɔcedɔ</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>mɔcedih</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>mɔced</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mɔcedunɔ</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mɔcedunih</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>mɔcedun</center>
+|}
+In the 3<sup><small>rd</small></sup> singular person, which features the ''null ending'', irregularities may often occur, like dropping or altering the last root consonant:
+ íméham → ímé
+ <small>to go → he/she/it goes</small>
+ namíɣam → namík
+ <small>to bite → he/she/it bites</small>
+There are, however, a sizeable amount of irregular verbs. Among these verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, ''to have'', and kiɣam, ''to come'', is shown:
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>present</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>past</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>present</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>past</small>''</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''tòram''</small></center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''kiɣam''</small></center>
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugū</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugū</center> || <center>gugɛgū</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgū</center>
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tòrò</center> || <center>kiɣò</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugir</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugir</center> || <center>gugɛgir</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgir</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tôh</center> || <center>kîh</center>
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugjɛc<sup><small>1</sup></small></center> || <center>hɛgɛgugjɛc<sup><small>1</sup></small></center> || <center>gugɛgjɛc<sup><small>1</sup></small></center> || <center>hɛgugɛgjɛc<sup><small>1</sup></small></center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tòr</center> || <center>kìɣ</center>
 |-
-| <center>gɛgug<sup><small>2</sup></small></center> || <center>hɛgɛgug<sup><small>2</sup></small></center> || <center>gugɛg<sup><small>2</sup></small></center> || <center>hɛgugɛg<sup><small>2</sup></small></center>
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tòrô</center> || <center>kiɣô</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>gɛgugiwhū</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugiwhū</center> || <center>gugɛgiwhū</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgiwhū</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tòrôh</center> || <center>kiɣôh</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>gɛgugiwhir</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugiwhir</center> || <center>gugɛgiwhir</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgiwhir</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tôr</center> || <center>kîɣ</center>
+|}
+The present tense conveys ongoing, habitual or gnomic actions or states.
+======Imperfect tense======
+The '''imperfect''' is a simple tense. The personal endings and the augment, -á-, are added to the verbal roots:
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>gɛgugiwcɛc</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugiwcɛc</center> || <center>gugɛgiwcɛc</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgiwcɛc</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>áránosò</center>
 |-
-| <center>gɛgugiwh</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugiwh</center> || <center>gugɛgiwh</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgiwh</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áránosəh</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugunū</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugunū</center> || <center>gugɛgunū</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgunū</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>árános</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugunir</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugunir</center> || <center>gugɛgunir</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgunir</center>
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áránosonò</center>
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugunjɛc</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugunjɛc</center> || <center>gugɛgunjɛc</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgunjɛc</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áránosonəh</center>
 |-
-| <center>gɛgugun</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugun</center> || <center>gugɛgun</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgun</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áránoson</center>
 |}
-*<sup>1</sup> this form tends to display irregularities in several verbs:
+In the 3<sup><small>rd</small></sup> singular person, which features the ''null ending'', irregularities may often occur, like dropping or altering the last root consonant:
-  cɛgiliwgɛ → cɛgiʎɛc
+  íméham → ěmé
-  <small>to say → he/she/it says</small>
+  <small>to go → he/she/it was going</small>
-  lilušiwgɛ → lilušɛc
+  namíɣam → ánamík
-  <small>to see → he/she/it sees</small>
+  <small>to bite → he/she/it was biting</small>
-*<sup>2</sup> this form tends to display irregularities in several verbs:
+However, most irregularities occur in the verbal root, due to the augment. The augment prefix can merge with the verbal root, with possible prominent alterations, resulting in a sort of a past root, different from the basic verbal root. As an example, the verbs íméham, ''to go'', and lîβam, ''to see'':
- čiwguliwgɛ → čiwgū
+{| class="wikitable"
- <small>to come → he/she/it comes</small>
+|-
+| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''íméham''</small></center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''lîβam''</small></center>
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>ěmehò</center> || <center>êβò</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>ěméhəh</center> || <center>êβéh</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>ěmé</center> || <center>êp</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ěméhonò</center> || <center>êβonò</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ěméhonəh</center> || <center>êβonəh</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ěméhon</center> || <center>êβon</center>
+|}
-There are, moreover, three compound tenses. They are formed:
+Among the irregular verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, ''to have'', and kiɣam, ''to come'', is shown:
-*''Imperfective future'': forms of the indicative present of the auxiliary verb çɛňiwgɛ, ''to be'', with the imperfective present infinitive of the conjugated verb.
-*''Resultative present'': forms of the indicative present of the auxiliary verb çɛňiwgɛ, ''to be'', with the perfective present infinitive of the conjugated verb.
-*''Resultative past'': forms of the indicative past of the auxiliary verb çɛňiwgɛ, ''to be'', with the perfective present infinitive of the conjugated verb.
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 210px;"| <center>''<small>imperfective future</small>''</center> || style="width: 210px;"| <center>''<small>resultative present</small>''</center> || style="width: 210px;"| <center>''<small>resultative past</small>''</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''tòram''</small></center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''kiɣam''</small></center>
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðòrò</center> || <center>áɣiɣò</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðôh</center> || <center>áɣîh</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðòr</center> || <center>áɣìɣ</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðòrô</center> || <center>áɣiɣô</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðòrôh</center> || <center>áɣiɣôh</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðôr</center> || <center>áɣîɣ</center>
+|}
+The 3<sup><small>rd</small></sup> singular person in the imperfect tense usually display both the typical irregularities of the ''null ending'' and the typical irregularities of the augment merging. Thus it is normally cited in dictionary to exemplify the irregularities of the verbs:
+ lîβam (<small>êp</small>)
+ <small>to see</small>
+The imperfect tense conveys ongoing or habitual actions or states in the past.
+======Preterite tense======
+The '''preterite''' is a compound tense. It is built with the indicative present forms of the verb tòram, ''to have'', with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>çɛňū gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>tòrò áránosíðə</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>çɛňir gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tôh áránosíðə</center>
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>çɛňɛc gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tòr áránosíðə</center>
 |-
-| <center>çɛň gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛň hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛň hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tòrô áránosíðə</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>çɛňiwhū gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňiwhū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňiwhū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tòrôh áránosíðə</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>çeňiwhir gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňiwhir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňiwhir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tôr áránosíðə</center>
+|}
+This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
+The preterite tense conveys completed actions or states in the past.
+======Plusquamperfect tense======
+The '''plusquamperfect''' is a compound tense. It is built with the indicative imperfect forms of the verb tòram, ''to have'', with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>çɛňiwcɛc gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňiwcɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňiwcɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>áðòrò áránosíðə</center>
 |-
-| <center>çeňiwh gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňiwh hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňiwh hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðôh áránosíðə</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>çɛňunū gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňunū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňunū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðòr áránosíðə</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>çɛňunir gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňunir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňunir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðòrô áránosíðə</center>
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>çɛňunjɛc gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňunjɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňunjɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðòrôh áránosíðə</center>
 |-
-| <center>çɛňun gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňun hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňun hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðôr áránosíðə</center>
 |}
-====Subjunctive mood====
+This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
-The subjunctive widely features the infix -iwň-, which is placed between the roots and the personal endings.
-Four tenses are simple:
+The plusquamperfect tense conveys completed actions or states before another past action or state.
+======Future tense======
+The '''future''' is a compound tense. It is built with the indicative present forms of the verb kiɣam, ''to come'', with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| || colspan="2" | <center>''<small>imperfective</small>''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''<small>perfective</small>''</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>kiɣò ránosam</center>
 |-
-| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>present</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>past</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>present</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>past</small>''</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kîh ránosam</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugiwňū</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugiwňū</center> || <center>gugɛgiwňū</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgiwňū</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kìɣ ránosam</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugiwňir</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugiwňir</center> || <center>gugɛgiwňir</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgiwňir</center>
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣô ránosam</center>
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugiwňɛc</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugiwňɛc</center> || <center>gugɛgiwňɛc</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgiwňɛc</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣôh ránosam</center>
 |-
-| <center>gɛgugiwň</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugiwň</center> || <center>gugɛgiwň</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgiwň</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kîɣ ránosam</center>
+|}
+This tense is regarded as essentially regular.
+The future tense conveys actions or states which will be completed or ongoing in the future.
+======Anterior future tense======
+The '''anterior future''' is a compound tense. It is built with the indicative present forms of the verb kiɣam, ''to come'', with the imperfect infinitive of the conjugated verb:
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>gɛgugiwňiwhū</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugiwňiwhū</center> || <center>gugɛgiwňiwhū</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgiwňiwhū</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>kiɣò áránosam</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>gɛgugiwňiwhir</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugiwňiwhir</center> || <center>gugɛgiwňiwhir</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgiwňiwhir</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kîh áránosam</center>
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>gɛgugiwňiwcɛc</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugiwňiwcɛc</center> || <center>gugɛgiwňiwcɛc</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgiwňiwcɛc</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kìɣ áránosam</center>
 |-
-| <center>gɛgugiwňiwh</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugiwňiwh</center> || <center>gugɛgiwňiwh</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgiwňiwh</center>
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣô áránosam</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugiwňunū</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugiwňunū</center> || <center>gugɛgiwňunū</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgiwňunū</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣôh áránosam</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugiwňunir</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugiwňunir</center> || <center>gugɛgiwňunir</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgiwňunir</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kîɣ áránosam</center>
+|}
+This tense is regarded as essentially regular.
+The anterior future tense conveys completed conveys actions or states which will be completed before another future action or state.
+======Future in the past tense======
+The '''future in the past''' is a compound tense. It is built with the indicative imperfect forms of the verb kiɣam, ''to come'', with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>áɣiɣò ránosam</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áɣîh ránosam</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áɣìɣ ránosam</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áɣiɣô ránosam</center>
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugiwňunjɛc</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugiwňunjɛc</center> || <center>gugɛgiwňunjɛc</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgiwňunjɛc</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áɣiɣôh ránosam</center>
 |-
-| <center>gɛgugiwňun</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugiwňun</center> || <center>gugɛgiwňun</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgiwňun</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áɣîɣ ránosam</center>
 |}
-Forms of the simple tenses in the subjunctive mood usually do not display other irregularities.
+This tense is regarded as essentially regular.
+The future in the past tense conveys completed conveys actions or states which would be completed after another past action or state.
-There are, moreover, three compound tenses. They are formed:
+=====Subjunctive mood=====
-*''Imperfective future'': forms of the subjunctive present of the auxiliary verb çɛňiwgɛ, ''to be'', with the imperfective present infinitive of the conjugated verb.
+The '''subjunctive''' mood is mostly used in dependent clauses, in the so-called personal constructional. Its usage in main clauses is quite limited, except for its role as an imperative form. It can also convey exhortation or wish.
-*''Resultative present'': forms of the subjunctive present of the auxiliary verb çɛňiwgɛ, ''to be'', with the perfective present infinitive of the conjugated verb.
-*''Resultative past'': forms of the subjunctive past of the auxiliary verb çɛňiwgɛ, ''to be'', with the perfective present infinitive of the conjugated verb.
+In simple tenses, the subjunctive widely features the infix -in-, which is placed between the root and the personal endings. Thus, other normal consonantal dropping or alteration anomalies in the indicative mood do not take place.
+======Present tense======
+The '''present''' is a simple tense. The infix -in- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 210px;"| <center>''<small>imperfective future</small>''</center> || style="width: 210px;"| <center>''<small>resultative present</small>''</center> || style="width: 210px;"| <center>''<small>resultative past</small>''</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>ránosinò</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>ránosinəh</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>ránosin</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ránosinonò</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ránosinonəh</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ránosinon</center>
+|}
+Forms in the subjunctive tend to be more regular than their counterparts in the indicative mood. There are, however, a limited amount of verbs with irregular subjunctive forms. Among these verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, ''to have'', and kiɣam, ''to come'', is shown:
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''tòram''</small></center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''kiɣam''</small></center>
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tìnò</center> || <center>kiɣinò</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tìnəh</center> || <center>kinîh</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tìn</center> || <center>kìɣin</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tìnô</center> || <center>kiɣinô</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tìnôh</center> || <center>kiɣinôh</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tîn</center> || <center>kîɣin</center>
+|}
+Usages of the subjuntive present forms in the dependent clause are diverse. As an imperative, only the 2<sup><small>nd</small></sup> person forms are used, while other forms have an exhortative value. The sense of wish is conveyed only in the 3<sup><small>rd</small></sup> person.
+======Imperfect tense======
+The '''imperfect''' is a simple tense. The infix -in-, the personal endings and the augment, -á-, are added to the verbal roots:
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>áránosinò</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áránosinəh</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áránosin</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áránosinonò</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áránosinonəh</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áránosinon</center>
+|}
+Most irregularities occur in the verbal root, due to the augment. The augment prefix can merge with the verbal root, with possible prominent alterations, resulting in a sort of a past root, different from the basic verbal root. As an example, the verbs íméham, ''to go'', and lîβam, ''to see'':
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''íméham''</small></center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''lîβam''</small></center>
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>ěmehinò</center> || <center>êβinò</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>ěméhinəh</center> || <center>êβinéh</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>ěméhin</center> || <center>êβin</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ěméhinonò</center> || <center>êβinonò</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ěméhinonəh</center> || <center>êβinonəh</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ěméhinon</center> || <center>êβinon</center>
+|}
+Among the irregular verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, ''to have'', and kiɣam, ''to come'', is shown:
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''tòram''</small></center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''kiɣam''</small></center>
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðìnò</center> || <center>áɣiɣinò</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðìnəh</center> || <center>áɣinîh</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðìn</center> || <center>áɣìɣin</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðìnô</center> || <center>áɣiɣinô</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðìnôh</center> || <center>áɣiɣinôh</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðîn</center> || <center>áɣîɣin</center>
+|}
+The usages of the subjunctive imperfect tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, where they can, however, be very diverse.
+======Preterite tense======
+The '''preterite''' is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive present forms of the verb tòram, ''to have'', with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>tìnò áránosíðə</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tìnəh áránosíðə</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tìn áránosíðə</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tìnô áránosíðə</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tìnôh áránosíðə</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tîn áránosíðə</center>
+|}
+This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
+The usages of the subjunctive preterite tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, where they can, however, be very diverse.
+======Plusquamperfect tense======
+The '''plusquamperfect''' is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive imperfect forms of the verb tòram, ''to have'', with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>áðìnò áránosíðə</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðìnəh áránosíðə</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðìn áránosíðə</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðìnô áránosíðə</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðìnôh áránosíðə</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðîn áránosíðə</center>
+|}
+This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
+The usages of the subjunctive plusquamperfect tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, where they can, however, be very diverse.
+======Future tense======
+The '''future''' is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive present forms of the verb kiɣam, ''to come'', with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>kiɣinò ránosam</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kinîh ránosam</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kìɣin ránosam</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣinô ránosam</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣinôh ránosam</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kîɣin ránosam</center>
+|}
+This tense is regarded as essentially regular.
+The usages of the subjunctive future tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, where they can, however, be very diverse.
+======Anterior future tense======
+The '''anterior future''' is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive present forms of the verb kiɣam, ''to come'', with the imperfect infinitive of the conjugated verb:
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>çɛňiwňū gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňiwňū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňiwňū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>kiɣinò áránosam</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>çɛňiwňir gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňiwňir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňiwňir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kinîh áránosam</center>
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>çɛňiwňɛc gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňiwňɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňiwňɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kìɣin áránosam</center>
 |-
-| <center>çɛňiwň gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňiwň hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňiwň hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣinô áránosam</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>çɛňiwňiwhū gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňiwňiwhū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňiwňiwhū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣinôh áránosam</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>çeňiwňiwhir gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňiwňiwhir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňiwňiwhir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kîɣin áránosam</center>
+|}
+This tense is regarded as essentially regular.
+The usages of the subjunctive anterior future tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, and in sporadic cases.
+======Future in the past tense======
+The '''future in the past''' is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive imperfect forms of the verb kiɣam, ''to come'', with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>çɛňiwňiwcɛc gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňiwňiwcɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňiwňiwcɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>áɣiɣinò ránosam</center>
 |-
-| <center>çeňiwňiwh gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňiwňiwh hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňiwňiwh hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áɣinîh ránosam</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>çɛňiwňunū gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňiwňunū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňiwňunū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áɣìɣin ránosam</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>çɛňiwňunir gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňiwňunir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňiwňunir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áɣiɣinô ránosam</center>
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>çɛňiwňunjɛc gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňiwňunjɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňiwňunjɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áɣiɣinôh ránosam</center>
 |-
-| <center>çɛňiwňun gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňiwňun hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňiwňun hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áɣîɣin ránosam</center>
 |}
-====Optative mood====
+This tense is regarded as essentially regular.
-The optative widely features the infix -uš-, which is placed between the roots and the personal endings.
+The usages of the subjunctive future in the past tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, and in very sporadic cases.
+=====Conditional mood=====
+The '''conditional''' mood is used to convey wish and probability. It is regularly used both in main and dependent clauses.
+In simple tenses, the subjunctive widely features the infix -as-, which is placed between the root and the personal endings. Thus, other normal consonantal dropping or alteration anomalies in the indicative mood do not take place.
-Four tenses are simple:
+======Present tense======
+The '''present''' is a simple tense. The infix -as- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| || colspan="2" | <center>''<small>imperfective</small>''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''<small>perfective</small>''</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>ránosasò</center>
 |-
-| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>present</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>past</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>present</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>past</small>''</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>ránosasəh</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugušū</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugušū</center> || <center>gugɛgušū</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgušū</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>ránosas</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugušir</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugušir</center> || <center>gugɛgušir</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgušir</center>
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ránosasonò</center>
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugušɛc</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugušɛc</center> || <center>gugɛgušɛc</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgušɛc</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ránosasonəh</center>
 |-
-| <center>gɛguguš</center> || <center>hɛgɛguguš</center> || <center>gugɛguš</center> || <center>hɛgugɛguš</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ránosason</center>
+|}
+Forms in the conditional tend to be more regular than their counterparts in the indicative mood. There are, however, a limited amount of verbs with irregular subjunctive forms. Among these verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, ''to have'', and kiɣam, ''to come'', is shown:
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>gɛgugušiwhū</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugušiwhū</center> || <center>gugɛgušiwhū</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgušiwhū</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''tòram''</small></center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''kiɣam''</small></center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>gɛgugušiwhir</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugušiwhir</center> || <center>gugɛgušiwhir</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgušiwhir</center>
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tàsò</center> || <center>kiɣasò</center>
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>gɛgugušiwcɛc</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugušiwcɛc</center> || <center>gugɛgušiwcɛc</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgušiwcɛc</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tàsəh</center> || <center>kjâh</center>
 |-
-| <center>gɛgugušiwh</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugušiwh</center> || <center>gugɛgušiwh</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgušiwh</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tàs</center> || <center>kjàɣ</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugušunū</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugušunū</center> || <center>gugɛgušunū</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgušunū</center>
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tàsô</center> || <center>kiɣasô</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugušunir</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugušunir</center> || <center>gugɛgušunir</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgušunir</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tàsôh</center> || <center>kiɣasôh</center>
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugušunjɛc</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugušunjɛc</center> || <center>gugɛgušunjɛc</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgušunjɛc</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tâs</center> || <center>kjâɣ</center>
+|}
+The conditional present tense conveys its meanings in the present and in the near future. It has also diverse usages in the dependent clauses
+======Imperfect tense======
+The '''imperfect''' is a simple tense. The infix -as-, the personal endings and the augment, -á-, are added to the verbal roots:
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| <center>gɛgugušun</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugušun</center> || <center>gugɛgušun</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgušun</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>áránosasò</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áránosasəh</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áránosas</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áránosasonò</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áránosasonəh</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áránosason</center>
 |}
-Forms of the simple tenses in the optative mood usually do not display other irregularities.
+Most irregularities occur in the verbal root, due to the augment. The augment prefix can merge with the verbal root, with possible prominent alterations, resulting in a sort of a past root, different from the basic verbal root. As an example, the verbs íméham, ''to go'', and lîβam, ''to see'':
-There are, moreover, three compound tenses. They are formed:
+{| class="wikitable"
-*''Imperfective future'': forms of the optative present of the auxiliary verb çɛňiwgɛ, ''to be'', with the imperfective present infinitive of the conjugated verb.
+|-
-*''Resultative present'': forms of the optative present of the auxiliary verb çɛňiwgɛ, ''to be'', with the perfective present infinitive of the conjugated verb.
+| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''íméham''</small></center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''lîβam''</small></center>
-*''Resultative past'': forms of the optative past of the auxiliary verb çɛňiwgɛ, ''to be'', with the perfective present infinitive of the conjugated verb.
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>ěmehasò</center> || <center>êβasò</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>ěméhasəh</center> || <center>êβaséh</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>ěméhas</center> || <center>êβas</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ěméhasonò</center> || <center>êβasonò</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ěméhasonəh</center> || <center>êβasonəh</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ěméhason</center> || <center>êβason</center>
+|}
+Among the irregular verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, ''to have'', and kiɣam, ''to come'', is shown:
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 210px;"| <center>''<small>imperfective future</small>''</center> || style="width: 210px;"| <center>''<small>resultative present</small>''</center> || style="width: 210px;"| <center>''<small>resultative past</small>''</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''tòram''</small></center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''kiɣam''</small></center>
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>çɛňušū gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňušū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňušū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðàsò</center> || <center>áɣiɣasò</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>çɛňušir gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňušir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňušir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðàsəh</center> || <center>áɣjâh</center>
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>çɛňušɛc gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňušɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňušɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðàs</center> || <center>áɣjàɣ</center>
 |-
-| <center>çɛňuš gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňuš hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňuš hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðàsô</center> || <center>áɣiɣasô</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>çɛňušiwhū gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňušiwhū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňušiwhū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðàsôh</center> || <center>áɣiɣasôh</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>çeňušiwhir gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňušiwhir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňušiwhir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðâs</center> || <center>áɣjâɣ</center>
+|}
+The conditional imperfect tense conveys its meanings in the past and in the near future of a past event. It has also diverse usages in the dependent clauses
+======Preterite tense======
+The '''preterite''' is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional present forms of the verb tòram, ''to have'', with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>çɛňušiwcɛc gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňušiwcɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňušiwcɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>tàsò áránosíðə</center>
 |-
-| <center>çeňušiwh gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňušiwh hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňušiwh hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tàsəh áránosíðə</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>çɛňušunū gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňušunū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňušunū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tàs áránosíðə</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>çɛňušunir gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňušunir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňušunir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tàsô áránosíðə</center>
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>çɛňušunjɛc gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňušunjɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňušunjɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tàsôh áránosíðə</center>
 |-
-| <center>çɛňušun gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňušun hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňušun hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tâs áránosíðə</center>
 |}
-====Potential mood====
+This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
-The potential widely features the infix -jɛʈ- (or its palatalizing version, -ɛʈ-), which is placed between the roots and the personal endings.
-Four tenses are simple:
+The usages of the conditional preterite tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses.
+======Plusquamperfect tense======
+The '''plusquamperfect''' is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional imperfect forms of the verb tòram, ''to have'', with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| || colspan="2" | <center>''<small>imperfective</small>''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''<small>perfective</small>''</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>áðàsò áránosíðə</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðàsəh áránosíðə</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðàs áránosíðə</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðàsô áránosíðə</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðàsôh áránosíðə</center>
 |-
-| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>present</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>past</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>present</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>past</small>''</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðâs áránosíðə</center>
+|}
+This tense is regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
+The usages of the conditional plusquamperfect tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses.
+======Future tense======
+The '''future''' is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional present forms of the verb kiɣam, ''to come'', with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugjɛʈū</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugjɛʈū</center> || <center>gugɛgjɛʈū</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgjɛʈū</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>kiɣasò ránosam</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugjɛʈir</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugjɛʈir</center> || <center>gugɛgjɛʈir</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgjɛʈir</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kjâh ránosam</center>
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugjɛcɛc</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugjɛcɛc</center> || <center>gugɛgjɛcɛc</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgjɛcɛc</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kjàɣ ránosam</center>
 |-
-| <center>gɛgugjɛʈ</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugjɛʈ</center> || <center>gugɛgjɛʈ</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgjɛʈ</center>
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣasô ránosam</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>gɛgugjɛʈiwhū</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugjɛʈiwhū</center> || <center>gugɛgjɛʈiwhū</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgjɛʈiwhū</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣasôh ránosam</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>gɛgugjɛʈiwhir</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugjɛʈiwhir</center> || <center>gugɛgjɛʈiwhir</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgjɛʈiwhir</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kjâɣ ránosam</center>
+|}
+This tense is regarded as essentially regular.
+The usages of the conditional future tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses.
+======Anterior future tense======
+The '''anterior future''' is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional present forms of the verb kiɣam, ''to come'', with the imperfect infinitive of the conjugated verb:
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>gɛgugjɛʈiwcɛc</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugjɛʈiwcɛc</center> || <center>gugɛgjɛʈiwcɛc</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgjɛʈiwcɛc</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>kiɣasò áránosam</center>
 |-
-| <center>gɛgugjɛʈiwh</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugjɛʈiwh</center> || <center>gugɛgjɛʈiwh</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgjɛʈiwh</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kjâh áránosam</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugjɛʈunū</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugjɛʈunū</center> || <center>gugɛgjɛʈunū</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgjɛʈunū</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kjàɣ áránosam</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugjɛʈunir</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugjɛʈunir</center> || <center>gugɛgjɛʈunir</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgjɛʈunir</center>
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣasô áránosam</center>
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugjɛʈunjɛc</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugjɛʈunjɛc</center> || <center>gugɛgjɛʈunjɛc</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgjɛʈunjɛc</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣasôh áránosam</center>
 |-
-| <center>gɛgugjɛʈun</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugjɛʈun</center> || <center>gugɛgjɛʈun</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgjɛʈun</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kjâɣ áránosam</center>
 |}
-Forms of the simple tenses in the potential mood usually do not display other irregularities.
+This tense is regarded as essentially regular.
-There are, moreover, three compound tenses. They are formed:
+The usages of the conditional anterior future tense are extremely limited, usually to dependent clauses.
-*''Imperfective future'': forms of the potential present of the auxiliary verb çɛňiwgɛ, ''to be'', with the imperfective present infinitive of the conjugated verb.
-*''Resultative present'': forms of the potential present of the auxiliary verb çɛňiwgɛ, ''to be'', with the perfective present infinitive of the conjugated verb.
+======Future in the past tense======
-*''Resultative past'': forms of the potential past of the auxiliary verb çɛňiwgɛ, ''to be'', with the perfective present infinitive of the conjugated verb.
+The '''future in the past''' is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional imperfect forms of the verb kiɣam, ''to come'', with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 210px;"| <center>''<small>imperfective future</small>''</center> || style="width: 210px;"| <center>''<small>resultative present</small>''</center> || style="width: 210px;"| <center>''<small>resultative past</small>''</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>áɣiɣasò ránosam</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>çɛňɛʈū gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňɛʈū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňɛʈū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áɣjâh ránosam</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>çɛňɛʈir gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňɛʈir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňɛʈir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áɣjàɣ ránosam</center>
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>çɛňɛcɛc gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňɛcɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňɛcɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áɣiɣasô ránosam</center>
 |-
-| <center>çɛňɛʈ gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňɛʈ hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňɛʈ hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áɣiɣasôh ránosam</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>çɛňɛʈiwhū gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňɛʈiwhū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňɛʈiwhū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áɣjâɣ ránosam</center>
+|}
+This tense is regarded as essentially regular.
+The usages of the conditional future in the past tense are extremely limited, usually to dependent clauses.
+=====Non-finite forms=====
+The non-finite verbal forms are:
+======Infinitive======
+It is regarded as the citation form of the verb, and it is not conjugated in person or number. It has, however, a present and a past form, this last formed through the augment. It can take the modal infixes, thus forming a subjunctive and a conditional form.
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>çeňɛʈiwhir gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňɛʈiwhir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňɛʈiwhir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 130px;"| <center>''<small>indicative</small>''</center> || style="width: 130px;"| <center>''<small>subjunctive</small>''</center> || style="width: 130px;"| <center>''<small>conditional</small>''</center>
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>çɛňɛʈiwcɛc gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňɛʈiwcɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňɛʈiwcɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>present</small>'' || <center>ránosam</center> || <center>ránosinam</center> || <center>ránosasam</center>
 |-
-| <center>çeňɛʈiwh gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňɛʈiwh hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňɛʈiwh hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>past</small>'' || <center>áránosam</center> || <center>áránosinam</center> || <center>áránosasam</center>
 |-
-| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>çɛňɛʈunū gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňɛʈunū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňɛʈunū hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+|}
+The infinitive is a nominal form of a verb. It is used as a verbal noun in sentences, but it cannot be declined as a normal noun; a declension is possible only through the prepositive article. It is regarded as a 2<sup><small>nd</small></sup> class noun.
+In its indicative form it is often used as object of modal and auxiliary verbs, while the subjunctive and the conditional forms are mostly used in dependent clauses.
+======Participle======
+There are two participial forms, the ''active participle'', and the ''passive participle''. They are used primarily in verbal conjugation, but they can also have an adjectival role, adjoining a noun and pointing to an active or passive role of such noun in the action.
+The '''active participle''' is formed through the ending -íðə, while the '''passive participle''' through the ending -uɣi. They have a present and a past form, this last formed through the augment.
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>çɛňɛʈunir gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňɛʈunir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňɛʈunir hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 130px;"| <center>''<small>present</small>''</center> || style="width: 130px;"| <center>''<small>past</small>''</center>
 |-
-| rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>çɛňɛʈunjɛc gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňɛʈunjɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňɛʈunjɛc hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
+| ''<small>active</small>'' || <center>ránosíðə</center> || <center>áránosíðə</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>passive</small>'' || <center>ránosuɣi</center> || <center>áránosuɣi</center>
 |-
-| <center>çɛňɛʈun gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>çɛňɛʈun hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛçɛňɛʈun hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center>
 |}
-The potential infix displays two possible forms, -jɛʈ or -<sup><small>j</small></sup>ɛʈ. The latter form is used after some consonants, palatalizing them, or is used after already palatalized consonants, without any further effect. It merges with the 3<sup><small>rd</small></sup> singular person ending, palatalizing -ʈ into -c.
+There are, however, a sizeable amount of verbs, with irregular forms, usually due to the augment. The augment prefix can merge with the verbal root, with possible prominent alterations.
-====Non-finite forms====
+{| class="wikitable"
-The non-finite verbal forms are:
+|-
+| style="width: 70px;"| || colspan=2 | <center><small>lîβam</small></center>
+|-
+| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 130px;"| <center>''<small>present</small>''</center> || style="width: 130px;"| <center>''<small>past</small>''</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>active</small>'' || <center>lîβíðə</center> || <center>êβíðə</center>
+|-
+| ''<small>passive</small>'' || <center>lîβuɣi</center> || <center>êβuɣi</center>
+|-
+|}
+The active participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which actively perform an action. The passive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. IIt is linked to nouns which undergo an action, or inactively are in a certain state.
+When they are used in the verbal conjugation, participles are deemed as indeclinable forms, while if they are used as adjectives they follow the same rule of qualifying adjectives and are declined through the prepositive article.
+====Passive diathesis====
+The ''passive diathesis'' displays only compound forms, in every mood and tense. These forms are always built through the auxiliary verb kiɣam, ''to come'' with the various forms of the passive participle.
+The usage of the different moods and tenses is exactly the same as the active diathesis.
-=====Infinitive=====
+=====Indicative mood=====
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| style="width: 60px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>indicative</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>subjuncitve</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>optative</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>potential</small>''</center>
+| style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''Tense''</small></center> || <center><small>''Construction''</small></center>
 |-
-| ''<small>imp. pres.</small>'' || <center>gɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>gɛgugiwňiwgɛ</center> || <center>gɛgugušiwgɛ</center> || <center>gɛgugjɛʈiwgɛ</center>
+| '''''present'''''  || indicative present forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
 |-
-| ''<small>imp. past</small>'' || <center>hɛgɛgugiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugiwňiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugušiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugjɛʈiwgɛ</center>
+| '''''imperfect'''''  || indicative imperfect forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
 |-
-| ''<small>imp. pres.</small>'' || <center>gugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>gugɛgiwňiwgɛ</center> || <center>gugɛgušiwgɛ</center> || <center>gugɛgjɛʈiwgɛ</center>
+| '''''preterite'''''  || indicative present forms of kiɣam + past passive participle
 |-
-| ''<small>imp. past</small>'' || <center>hɛgugɛgiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgiwňiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgušiwgɛ</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgjɛʈiwgɛ</center>
+| '''''plusquamperfect'''''  || indicative imperfect forms of kiɣam + past passive participle
+|-
+| '''''future'''''  || indicative future forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
+|-
+| '''''anterior future'''''  || indicative future forms of kiɣam + past passive participle
+|-
+| '''''future in the past'''''  || indicative future in the past forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
 |-
 |}
-The infinitive is a nominal form of a verb. It is used as a verbal noun in sentences, and it can be declined. It is regarded as a class II noun.
+Examples (<small>for each tense only the 1<sup>st</sup> person singular form is shown</small>):
-In its verbal function is usually used as object or subject of other verbs. It is the only non-finite form which has modal forms.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+| style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''Tense''</small></center> || <center><small>''Example''</small></center>
+|-
+| '''''present'''''  || kiɣò ránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+| '''''imperfect'''''  || áɣiɣò ránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+| '''''preterite'''''  || kiɣò áránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+| '''''plusquamperfect'''''  || áɣiɣò áránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+| '''''future'''''  || kiɣò kiɣam ránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+| '''''anterior future'''''  || kiɣò kiɣam áránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+| '''''future in the past'''''  || áɣiɣò kiɣam ránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+|}
-Direct objects of the infinitival forms are declined in the ''ablative'' case.
+=====Subjunctive mood=====
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+| style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''Tense''</small></center> || <center><small>''Construction''</small></center>
+|-
+| '''''present'''''  || subjunctive present forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
+|-
+| '''''imperfect'''''  || subjunctive imperfect forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
+|-
+| '''''preterite'''''  || subjunctive present forms of kiɣam + past passive participle
+|-
+| '''''plusquamperfect'''''  || subjunctive imperfect forms of kiɣam + past passive participle
+|-
+| '''''future'''''  || subjunctive future forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
+|-
+| '''''anterior future'''''  || subjunctive future forms of kiɣam + past passive participle
+|-
+| '''''future in the past'''''  || subjunctive future in the past forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
+|-
+|}
-=====Participle=====
+Examples (<small>for each tense only the 1<sup>st</sup> person singular form is shown</small>):
-There are two participial forms, the ''agentive participle'' and the ''passive participle''. Both infinitives have an imperfective and a perfective form, respectively built on the ''imperfective root'' and on the ''perfective root'', and they have a present and a past form, this last formed through the augment.
-The '''agentive participle''' is formed through the ending -īdu, while the '''passive participle''' through the ending -jugiw / -ugiw.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+| style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''Tense''</small></center> || <center><small>''Example''</small></center>
+|-
+| '''''present'''''  || kiɣinò ránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+| '''''imperfect'''''  || áɣiɣinò ránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+| '''''preterite'''''  || kiɣinò áránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+| '''''plusquamperfect'''''  || áɣiɣinò áránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+| '''''future'''''  || kiɣinò kiɣam ránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+| '''''anterior future'''''  || kiɣinò kiɣam áránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+| '''''future in the past'''''  || áɣiɣinò kiɣam ránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+|}
+=====Conditional mood=====
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-| || colspan="2" | <center>''<small>imperfective</small>''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''<small>perfective</small>''</center>
+| style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''Tense''</small></center> || <center><small>''Construction''</small></center>
+|-
+| '''''present'''''  || conditional present forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
+|-
+| '''''imperfect'''''  || conditional imperfect forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
+|-
+| '''''preterite'''''  || conditional present forms of kiɣam + past passive participle
 |-
-| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>present</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>past</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>present</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>past</small>''</center>
+| '''''plusquamperfect'''''  || conditional imperfect forms of kiɣam + past passive participle
 |-
-| ''<small>agentive</small>'' || <center>gɛgugīdu</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugīdu</center> || <center>gugɛgīdu</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgīdu</center>
+| '''''future'''''  || conditional future forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
 |-
-| ''<small>passive</small>'' || <center>gɛgugjugiw</center> || <center>hɛgɛgugjugiw</center> || <center>gugɛgjugiw</center> || <center>hɛgugɛgjugiw</center>
+| '''''anterior future'''''  || conditional future forms of kiɣam + past passive participle
+|-
+| '''''future in the past'''''  || conditional future in the past forms of kiɣam + present passive participle
 |-
 |}
-The active participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which actively perform an action. It is often used to build relative clauses. As an adjectival form it thus displays a complete declension set, not belonging inherently to one of the two classes, but agreeing with its adjoining noun.
+Examples (<small>for each tense only the 1<sup>st</sup> person singular form is shown</small>):
-The passive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which undergo an action, or inactively are in a certain state. Despite the lack of a verbal passive form, this participle is the closest form to such role. It can, however, be used only as an adjective and it is often used to build relative clauses.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+| style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''Tense''</small></center> || <center><small>''Example''</small></center>
+|-
+| '''''present'''''  || kiɣasò ránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+| '''''imperfect'''''  || áɣiɣasò ránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+| '''''preterite'''''  || kiɣasò áránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+| '''''plusquamperfect'''''  || áɣiɣasò áránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+| '''''future'''''  || kiɣasò kiɣam ránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+| '''''anterior future'''''  || kiɣasò kiɣam áránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+| '''''future in the past'''''  || áɣiɣasò kiɣam ránosuɣi, ...
+|-
+|}
-The passive participle suffix displays two possible forms, -jugiw or -<sup><small>j</small></sup>ugiw. The latter form is used after some consonants, palatalizing them, or is used after already palatalized consonants, without any further effect.
+=====Infinitive mood=====
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+| style="width: 180px;"| <center><small>''Tense''</small></center> || <center><small>''Construction''</small></center>
+|-
+| '''''indicative present'''''  || indicative infinitive form of kiɣam + present passive participle
+|-
+| '''''indicative past'''''  || indicative infinitive form of kiɣam + past passive participle
+|-
+| '''''subjunctive present'''''  || subjunctive infinitive form of kiɣam + present passive participle
+|-
+| '''''subjunctive past'''''  || subjunctive infinitive form of kiɣam + past passive participle
+|-
+| '''''conditional present'''''  || conditional infinitive form of kiɣam + present passive participle
+|-
+| '''''conditional past'''''  || conditional infinitive form of kiɣam + past passive participle
+|-
+|}
- cɛgiliwgɛ → cɛgiʎugiw
+Examples:
- <small>to say → said</small>
- lilušiwgɛ → lilušugiw
+{| class="wikitable"
- <small>to see → seen</small>
+|-
+| style="width: 180px;"| <center><small>''Tense''</small></center> || <center><small>''Example''</small></center>
+|-
+| '''''indicative present'''''  || kiɣam ránosuɣi
+|-
+| '''''indicative past'''''  || kiɣam áránosuɣi
+|-
+| '''''subjunctive present'''''  || kiɣinam ránosuɣi
+|-
+| '''''subjunctive past'''''  || kiɣinam áránosuɣi
+|-
+| '''''conditional present'''''  || kiɣasam ránosuɣi
+|-
+| '''''conditional past'''''  || kiɣasam áránosuɣi
+|-
+|}

User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 09:09, 20 June 2025

Conjugation of a regular verb

Active diathesis

Indicative mood

Present tense

Imperfect tense

Preterite tense

Plusquamperfect tense

Future tense

Anterior future tense

Future in the past tense

Subjunctive mood

Present tense

Imperfect tense

Preterite tense

Plusquamperfect tense

Future tense

Anterior future tense

Future in the past tense

Conditional mood

Present tense

Imperfect tense

Preterite tense

Plusquamperfect tense

Future tense

Anterior future tense

Future in the past tense

Non-finite forms

Infinitive

Participle

Passive diathesis

Indicative mood

Subjunctive mood

Conditional mood

Infinitive mood

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