|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| =====Conditional mood===== | | =====Non-finite moods===== |
| The '''conditional''' mood is used to convey wish and probability. It is regularly used both in main and dependent clauses.
| |
| | |
| In simple tenses, the subjunctive widely features the infix -as-, which is placed between the root and the personal endings. Thus, other normal consonantal dropping or alteration anomalies in the indicative mood do not take place.
| |
| | |
| ======Present tense======
| |
| The '''present''' is a simple tense. The infix -as- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>ránosasò</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>ránosasəh</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>ránosas</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ránosasonò</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ránosasonəh</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ránosason</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Forms in the conditional tend to be more regular than their counterparts in the indicative mood. There are, however, a limited amount of verbs with irregular subjunctive forms. Among these verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, ''to have'', and kiɣam, ''to come'', is shown:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''tòram''</small></center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''kiɣam''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tàsò</center> || <center>kiɣasò</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tàsəh</center> || <center>kjâh</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tàs</center> || <center>kjàɣ</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tàsô</center> || <center>kiɣasô</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tàsôh</center> || <center>kiɣasôh</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tâs</center> || <center>kjâɣ</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| The conditional present tense conveys its meanings in the present and in the near future. It has also diverse usages in the dependent clauses
| |
| | |
| ======Imperfect tense======
| |
| The '''imperfect''' is a simple tense. The infix -as-, the personal endings and the augment, -á-, are added to the verbal roots:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>áránosasò</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áránosasəh</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áránosas</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áránosasonò</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áránosasonəh</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áránosason</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Most irregularities occur in the verbal root, due to the augment. The augment prefix can merge with the verbal root, with possible prominent alterations, resulting in a sort of a past root, different from the basic verbal root. As an example, the verbs íméham, ''to go'', and lîβam, ''to see'':
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''íméham''</small></center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''lîβam''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>ěmehasò</center> || <center>êβasò</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>ěméhasəh</center> || <center>êβaséh</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>ěméhas</center> || <center>êβas</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ěméhasonò</center> || <center>êβasonò</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ěméhasonəh</center> || <center>êβasonəh</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>ěméhason</center> || <center>êβason</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Among the irregulatr verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, ''to have'', and kiɣam, ''to come'', is shown:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''tòram''</small></center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center><small>''kiɣam''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðàsò</center> || <center>áɣiɣasò</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðàsəh</center> || <center>áɣjâh</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðàs</center> || <center>áɣjàɣ</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðàsô</center> || <center>áɣiɣasô</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðàsôh</center> || <center>áɣiɣasôh</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðâs</center> || <center>áɣjâɣ</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| The conditional imperfect tense conveys its meanings in the past and in the near future of a past event. It has also diverse usages in the dependent clauses
| |
| | |
| ======Preterite tense======
| |
| The '''preterite''' is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional present forms of the verb tòram, ''to have'', with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>tàsò áránosíðə</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tàsəh áránosíðə</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>tàs áránosíðə</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tàsô áránosíðə</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tàsôh áránosíðə</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tâs áránosíðə</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| This tense in regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
| |
| | |
| The usages of the conditional preterite tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses.
| |
| | |
| ======Plusquamperfect tense======
| |
| The '''plusquamperfect''' is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional imperfect forms of the verb tòram, ''to have'', with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>áðàsò áránosíðə</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðàsəh áránosíðə</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðàs áránosíðə</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðàsô áránosíðə</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðàsôh áránosíðə</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðâs áránosíðə</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| This tense in regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
| |
| | |
| The usages of the conditional plusquamperfect tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses.
| |
| | |
| ======Future tense======
| |
| The '''future''' is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional present forms of the verb kiɣam, ''to come'', with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>kiɣasò ránosam</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kjâh ránosam</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kjàɣ ránosam</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣasô ránosam</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣasôh ránosam</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kjâɣ ránosam</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| This tense in regarded as essentially regular.
| |
| | |
| The usages of the conditional future tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses.
| |
| | |
| ======Anterior future tense======
| |
| The '''anterior future''' is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional present forms of the verb kiɣam, ''to come'', with the imperfect infinitive of the conjugated verb:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>kiɣasò áránosam</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kjâh áránosam</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kjàɣ áránosam</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣasô áránosam</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣasôh áránosam</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kjâɣ áránosam</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| This tense in regarded as essentially regular.
| |
| | |
| The usages of the conditional anterior future tense are extremely limited, usually to dependent clauses.
| |
| | |
| ======Future in the past tense======
| |
| The '''future in the past''' is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional imperfect forms of the verb kiɣam, ''to come'', with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>áɣiɣasò ránosam</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áɣjâh ránosam</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áɣjàɣ ránosam</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áɣiɣasô ránosam</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áɣiɣasôh ránosam</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áɣjâɣ ránosam</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| This tense in regarded as essentially regular.
| |
| | |
| The usages of the conditional future in the past tense are extremely limited, usually to dependent clauses.
| |
