User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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======Plusquamperfect tense======
======Plusquamperfect tense======
The '''plusquamperfect''' is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive imperfect forms of the verb tòram, ''to have'', with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:
The '''plusquamperfect''' is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional imperfect forms of the verb tòram, ''to have'', with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>áðìnò áránosíðə</center>
| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>áðàsò áránosíðə</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðìnəh áránosíðə</center>
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðàsəh áránosíðə</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðìn áránosíðə</center>
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áðàs áránosíðə</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðìnô áránosíðə</center>
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðàsô áránosíðə</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðìnôh áránosíðə</center>
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðàsôh áránosíðə</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðîn áránosíðə</center>
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áðâs áránosíðə</center>
|}
|}


This tense in regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.
This tense in regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.


The usages of the subjunctive plusquamperfect tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, where they can, however, be very diverse.
The usages of the conditional plusquamperfect tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses.  


======Future tense======
======Future tense======
The '''future''' is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive present forms of the verb kiɣam, ''to come'', with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:
The '''future''' is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional present forms of the verb kiɣam, ''to come'', with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>kiɣinò ránosam</center>
| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>kiɣasò ránosam</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kinîh ránosam</center>
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kjâh ránosam</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kìɣin ránosam</center>
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kjàɣ ránosam</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣinô ránosam</center>
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣasô ránosam</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣinôh ránosam</center>
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣasôh ránosam</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kîɣin ránosam</center>
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kjâɣ ránosam</center>
|}
|}


This tense in regarded as essentially regular.
This tense in regarded as essentially regular.


The usages of the subjunctive future tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, where they can, however, be very diverse.
The usages of the conditional future tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses.  


======Anterior future tense======
======Anterior future tense======
The '''anterior future''' is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive present forms of the verb kiɣam, ''to come'', with the imperfect infinitive of the conjugated verb:
The '''anterior future''' is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional present forms of the verb kiɣam, ''to come'', with the imperfect infinitive of the conjugated verb:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>kiɣinò áránosam</center>
| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>kiɣasò áránosam</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kinîh áránosam</center>
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kjâh áránosam</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kìɣin áránosam</center>
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>kjàɣ áránosam</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣinô áránosam</center>
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣasô áránosam</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣinôh áránosam</center>
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kiɣasôh áránosam</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kîɣin áránosam</center>
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>kjâɣ áránosam</center>
|}
|}


This tense in regarded as essentially regular.
This tense in regarded as essentially regular.


The usages of the subjunctive anterior future tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, and in sporadic cases.
The usages of the conditional anterior future tense are extremely limited, usually to dependent clauses.  


======Future in the past tense======
======Future in the past tense======
The '''future in the past''' is a compound tense. It is built with the subjunctive imperfect forms of the verb kiɣam, ''to come'', with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:
The '''future in the past''' is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional imperfect forms of the verb kiɣam, ''to come'', with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>áɣiɣinò ránosam</center>
| style="width: 70px;"| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || style="width: 150px;"| <center>áɣiɣasò ránosam</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áɣinîh ránosam</center>
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áɣjâh ránosam</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áɣìɣin ránosam</center>
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>áɣjàɣ ránosam</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áɣiɣinô ránosam</center>
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áɣiɣasô ránosam</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áɣiɣinôh ránosam</center>
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áɣiɣasôh ránosam</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áɣîɣin ránosam</center>
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>áɣjâɣ ránosam</center>
|}
|}


This tense in regarded as essentially regular.
This tense in regarded as essentially regular.


The usages of the subjunctive future in the past tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses, and in very sporadic cases.
The usages of the conditional future in the past tense are extremely limited, usually to dependent clauses.

Revision as of 04:52, 16 June 2025

Conditional mood

The conditional mood is used to convey wish and probability. It is regularly used both in main and dependent clauses.

In simple tenses, the subjunctive widely features the infix -as-, which is placed between the root and the personal endings. Thus, other normal consonantal dropping or alteration anomalies in the indicative mood do not take place.

Present tense

The present is a simple tense. The infix -as- and the personal endings are added to the verbal roots:

1st sing.
ránosasò
2nd sing.
ránosasəh
3rd sing.
ránosas
1st plur.
ránosasonò
2nd plur.
ránosasonəh
3rd plur.
ránosason

Forms in the conditional tend to be more regular than their counterparts in the indicative mood. There are, however, a limited amount of verbs with irregular subjunctive forms. Among these verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, to have, and kiɣam, to come, is shown:

tòram
kiɣam
1st sing.
tàsò
kiɣasò
2nd sing.
tàsəh
kjâh
3rd sing.
tàs
kjàɣ
1st plur.
tàsô
kiɣasô
2nd plur.
tàsôh
kiɣasôh
3rd plur.
tâs
kjâɣ

The conditional present tense conveys its meanings in the present and in the near future. It has also diverse usages in the dependent clauses

Imperfect tense

The imperfect is a simple tense. The infix -as-, the personal endings and the augment, -á-, are added to the verbal roots:

1st sing.
áránosasò
2nd sing.
áránosasəh
3rd sing.
áránosas
1st plur.
áránosasonò
2nd plur.
áránosasonəh
3rd plur.
áránosason

Most irregularities occur in the verbal root, due to the augment. The augment prefix can merge with the verbal root, with possible prominent alterations, resulting in a sort of a past root, different from the basic verbal root. As an example, the verbs íméham, to go, and lîβam, to see:

íméham
lîβam
1st sing.
ěmehasò
êβasò
2nd sing.
ěméhasəh
êβaséh
3rd sing.
ěméhas
êβas
1st plur.
ěméhasonò
êβasonò
2nd plur.
ěméhasonəh
êβasonəh
3rd plur.
ěméhason
êβason

Among the irregulatr verbs the conjugation of the auxiliary verbs tòram, to have, and kiɣam, to come, is shown:

tòram
kiɣam
1st sing.
áðàsò
áɣiɣasò
2nd sing.
áðàsəh
áɣjâh
3rd sing.
áðàs
áɣjàɣ
1st plur.
áðàsô
áɣiɣasô
2nd plur.
áðàsôh
áɣiɣasôh
3rd plur.
áðâs
áɣjâɣ

The conditional imperfect tense conveys its meanings in the past and in the near future of a past event. It has also diverse usages in the dependent clauses

Preterite tense

The preterite is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional present forms of the verb tòram, to have, with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:

1st sing.
tàsò áránosíðə
2nd sing.
tàsəh áránosíðə
3rd sing.
tàs áránosíðə
1st plur.
tàsô áránosíðə
2nd plur.
tàsôh áránosíðə
3rd plur.
tâs áránosíðə

This tense in regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.

The usages of the conditional preterite tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses.

Plusquamperfect tense

The plusquamperfect is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional imperfect forms of the verb tòram, to have, with the active past participle of the conjugated verb:

1st sing.
áðàsò áránosíðə
2nd sing.
áðàsəh áránosíðə
3rd sing.
áðàs áránosíðə
1st plur.
áðàsô áránosíðə
2nd plur.
áðàsôh áránosíðə
3rd plur.
áðâs áránosíðə

This tense in regarded as essentially regular, being the only irregularities in the participial formation.

The usages of the conditional plusquamperfect tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses.

Future tense

The future is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional present forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:

1st sing.
kiɣasò ránosam
2nd sing.
kjâh ránosam
3rd sing.
kjàɣ ránosam
1st plur.
kiɣasô ránosam
2nd plur.
kiɣasôh ránosam
3rd plur.
kjâɣ ránosam

This tense in regarded as essentially regular.

The usages of the conditional future tense are essentially limited to dependent clauses.

Anterior future tense

The anterior future is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional present forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the imperfect infinitive of the conjugated verb:

1st sing.
kiɣasò áránosam
2nd sing.
kjâh áránosam
3rd sing.
kjàɣ áránosam
1st plur.
kiɣasô áránosam
2nd plur.
kiɣasôh áránosam
3rd plur.
kjâɣ áránosam

This tense in regarded as essentially regular.

The usages of the conditional anterior future tense are extremely limited, usually to dependent clauses.

Future in the past tense

The future in the past is a compound tense. It is built with the conditional imperfect forms of the verb kiɣam, to come, with the present infinitive of the conjugated verb:

1st sing.
áɣiɣasò ránosam
2nd sing.
áɣjâh ránosam
3rd sing.
áɣjàɣ ránosam
1st plur.
áɣiɣasô ránosam
2nd plur.
áɣiɣasôh ránosam
3rd plur.
áɣjâɣ ránosam

This tense in regarded as essentially regular.

The usages of the conditional future in the past tense are extremely limited, usually to dependent clauses.

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