User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
(→Verbs) |
||
| Line 33: | Line 33: | ||
|} | |} | ||
The | The second and the third person share the same ending in both numbers. Thus the subject pronouns is usually expressed in the second person, to avoid ambiguity. The third person pronoun is, conversely, usually not expressed and left implied: | ||
k‘etex xowno | |||
<small>you sing</small> | |||
(okex) xowno | |||
<small>he/she sings</small> | |||
The non-finite verbal forms are meant as nominal/adjectival forms of the same verbs. They do not add the personal endings, but they are declined as nouns or adjectives with the nominal declension endings. | The non-finite verbal forms are meant as nominal/adjectival forms of the same verbs. They do not add the personal endings, but they are declined as nouns or adjectives with the nominal declension endings. | ||
| Line 40: | Line 46: | ||
The non-finite endings are: | The non-finite endings are: | ||
*''infinitive'': - | *''infinitive'': -ew | ||
*''active participle'': - | *''active participle'': -ð‘i | ||
*''passive participle'': - | *''passive participle'': -ňə | ||
Revision as of 10:15, 13 June 2025
Verbs
The verbal system of Hoð‘i language displays the following features:
- tense:
- simple tenses: present, past, perfect
- compound tenses: continuous present, continuous past, pluperfect, future, continuous future, anterior future, future in the past
- mood:
- definite moods: indicative, imperative
- indefinite moods: infinitive, active participle, passive participleù
- diathesis: active, passive
The simple tenses are distinguished by a typical vowel, while compound tenses are formed with the verb imew, to be, as an auxiliary verb, and a participial form.
The citation form of verbs is the present infinitive, marked by the ending -ew. From such form the verbal root can be inferred and can be changed in every other verbal form.
The following personal endings are then added to the root in the definite moods. In this way, verbs show their agreement with the clause subject in person and number:
| 1st sing. | ||
| 1st sing. | ||
| 2nd sing. | ||
| 3rd sing. | ||
| 1st plur. | ||
| 2nd plur. | ||
| 3rd plur. |
The second and the third person share the same ending in both numbers. Thus the subject pronouns is usually expressed in the second person, to avoid ambiguity. The third person pronoun is, conversely, usually not expressed and left implied:
k‘etex xowno you sing
(okex) xowno he/she sings
The non-finite verbal forms are meant as nominal/adjectival forms of the same verbs. They do not add the personal endings, but they are declined as nouns or adjectives with the nominal declension endings.
As verbal forms, however, they can be built on the various temporal forms.
The non-finite endings are:
- infinitive: -ew
- active participle: -ð‘i
- passive participle: -ňə
