User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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==Adjectives and pronouns==
==Adjectives and pronouns==
Adjectives closely resemble the noun form, usually showing the same exceptions of nouns. Pronouns, instead, may exhibit different forms in the root form.  
Adjectives closely resemble the noun form, mostly ending in a vowel and showing the same exceptions of nouns. Pronouns, instead, may exhibit different forms in the root form.  
===Adjectives===
===Adjectives===
Both attributive and predicative adjectives are always placed '''after''' the nouns they specify, with a few exceptions.
Attributive adjectives are always placed '''before''' the nouns they specify, while predicative adjectives are always placed ''after'' them.


  æl‘ vjirul‘ jowɸæl‘
  jōbā līru
  <small>the young man</small>
  <small>(the) young man</small>


  æl‘ vjirul‘ ojh jowɸæl‘
  līru jōbā ɛneš
  <small>the man is young</small>
  <small>(the) man is young</small>


All adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify, being declined with the nominal endings. However, in modern speech, attributive adjectives tend not to agree in number with their nouns, displaying only the singular declension. This feature is not accepted in the standard formal language.  
All adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify, being declined with the nominal endings. They thus display a complete declension set, not belonging inherently to one of the two classes.


jōbāɕu līruɕu rēw sōnu pinkucar sōnošucar mējseš
<small>the young man’s new house is located in the nearby village</small>
====Declension of qualifying adjectives====
====Declension of qualifying adjectives====
Adjectival declension follow the same rules as the nominal declension in the formal language, with the same exceptions.
Example: jōbā, ''young''
 
Example: sur‘il‘, ''big'', with sowgul‘, ''house''
{|-
{|-
|-
|-
| || colspan="3" | <center>''attributive declension''</center>
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center>  || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''dual''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>  
|-
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 150px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center>  || style="width: 150px;"|<center><small>''plural (formal)''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"|<center><small>''plural (informal)''</small></center>
|-
| <center><small>''basic''</small></center> || sowgu sur‘i || sowgunu sur‘inu || sowgunu sur‘
|-
|-
| <center><small>''direct''</small></center> || sowgul‘ sur‘il‘ || sowgunol‘ sur‘inol‘ || sowgunol‘ sur‘il‘
| <center><small>''agentive''</small></center> || jōbāli || jōbālī || jōbālinu
|-
|-
| <center><small>''oblique''</small></center> || sowguha sur‘iha || sowgunoha sur‘inoha || sowgunoha sur‘iha
| <center><small>''passive''</small></center> || jōbā || jōbāj || jōbānu
|}
 
{|-
|-
|-
| || colspan="3" | <center>''predicative declension''</center>
| <center><small>''genitive''</small></center> || jōbāɕu || jōbāɕuj || jōbāɕunu
|-
|-
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 150px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center>  || style="width: 150px;"|<center><small>''plural (formal)''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"|<center><small>''plural (informal)''</small></center>
| <center><small>''dative''</small></center>  || jōbāhe || jōbāhej || jōbāhenu
|-
|-
| <center><small>''basic''</small></center> || || ||  
| <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || jōbāxu || jōbāxuj || jōbāxunu
|-
|-
| <center><small>''direct''</small></center> || sowgul‘ ojh sur‘il‘ || colspan="2" | sowgunol‘ onæh sur‘inol‘
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || jōbāxe || jōbāxej || jōbāxenu
|-
|-
| <center><small>''oblique''</small></center> || || ||  
| <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || jōbācar || jōbācari || jōbācarnu
|}
|}
The adjectival declension displays the same irregularities of nouns:
<small>pass.</small> rēw, ''new'' → <small>ag.</small> rēwəli, <small>gen.</small> rēwəɕu, <small>dat.</small> rēwəhe, ...

Revision as of 02:31, 1 June 2025

Adjectives and pronouns

Adjectives closely resemble the noun form, mostly ending in a vowel and showing the same exceptions of nouns. Pronouns, instead, may exhibit different forms in the root form.

Adjectives

Attributive adjectives are always placed before the nouns they specify, while predicative adjectives are always placed after them. 

jōbā līru
(the) young man

līru jōbā ɛneš
(the) man is young

All adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify, being declined with the nominal endings. They thus display a complete declension set, not belonging inherently to one of the two classes. 

jōbāɕu līruɕu rēw sōnu pinkucar sōnošucar mējseš
the young man’s new house is located in the nearby village

Declension of qualifying adjectives

Example: jōbā, young

singular
dual
plural
agentive
 jōbāli jōbālī jōbālinu
passive
 jōbā jōbāj jōbānu
genitive
 jōbāɕu jōbāɕuj jōbāɕunu
dative
 jōbāhe jōbāhej jōbāhenu
causative
 jōbāxu jōbāxuj jōbāxunu
instrumental
 jōbāxe jōbāxej jōbāxenu
locative
 jōbācar jōbācari jōbācarnu

The adjectival declension displays the same irregularities of nouns: 

pass. rēw, new → ag. rēwəli, gen. rēwəɕu, dat. rēwəhe, ...
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