User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII

Nouns

The noun cluster is formed by a noun, carrying the main meaning, and by other noun-type forms, namely adjectives, which specify this meanings or add other meaning to the main noun. Inside of a noun cluster, the noun can be replaced by a pronoun.

The noun usually introduces the noun cluster, being followed by every other specifying form. Thus, other elements conveying possession and belonging are always placed after the noun, as well as every attributive adjective.

äs sohə cäs wīrə
the man’s house

xah honä çoba 
a young woman

The role of the noun cluster in the sentence and its number are marked by case and number endings. These endings mark also other adjectival elements inside the noun cluster, resulting this in the process called nominal agreement.

Both attributive and predicative adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify. Other elements, which convey possession or belonging do not agree with the main nominal form.

äs wīrə çoba cän hümehīdə sohuɕär
the young man is going home

äsən honänə çobanə 
the young women

äsən honänə cänun çobanə 
the women are young

As a notable exception for a specifying form, the article is always placed before the entire noun cluster.

äsən sohənə rehənə cäs wīrə huhe
the new houses of the old man

Non-qualifying adjectives display, similarly, an irregular behavior about their positioning inside the noun cluster and about the usage of the article.

The indefinite, interrogative, and demonstrative adjectives are, indeed, almost always placed before the noun without any article. They do agree with their noun in case and number.

hīsdə wīrə
no man

sähə sohə?
which house?

nüdə subä
this dog

Le forme possessive di tipo aggettivale-pronominale hanno un uso più complesso. Nella forma di aggettivi possessivi, queste precedono sistematicamente il sostantivo, ma, a differenza degli altri aggettivi non qualificativi, fanno sempre uso dell’articolo, quando indicano un nome sia in forma determinata che in forma indeterminata. Si accordano sempre con il nome.

äs üd́usə rüra
la mia mano

xah üd́usə maɟudü
un mio amico

Tuttavia, è possibile esprimere il possesso anche attraverso le forme esprimenti il complemento di termine dei pronomi personali. Questi si vanno a seguire sistematicamente il sostantivo che seguono e non si accordano mai con esso, risultando così forme indeclinabili.

äs rüra çərä
la mia mano

xah maɟudü çərä
un mio amico

The grammar role of noun clusters can be further specified by prepositions, which are placed before the cluster. Thus, it can be stated that the noun cluster can be introduced by a preposition.

cänü sähiŕuhīdə güs sohə
I am talking about the house