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==Nouns== | ==Nouns== | ||
The noun cluster is formed by a noun, carrying the main meaning, and by other noun-type forms, namely adjectives, which specify this | The noun cluster is formed by a noun, carrying the main meaning, and by other noun-type forms, namely adjectives, which specify this meanings or add other meaning to the main noun. Inside of a noun cluster, the noun can be replaced by a pronoun. | ||
The noun | The noun usually introduces the noun cluster, being followed by every other specifying form. Thus, other elements conveying ''possession'' and ''belonging'' are always placed '''after''' the noun, as well as every attributive adjective. | ||
äs sohə cäs wīrə | |||
<small>the man’s house</small> | |||
äs honä çoba | |||
<small>a young woman</small> | |||
<small> | |||
The role of the noun cluster in the sentence and its number are marked by case and number endings. These endings mark also other adjectival elements inside the noun cluster, resulting this in the process called ''nominal agreement''. | The role of the noun cluster in the sentence and its number are marked by case and number endings. These endings mark also other adjectival elements inside the noun cluster, resulting this in the process called ''nominal agreement''. | ||
Both ''attributive'' and ''predicative'' adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify. Other elements, which convey possession or belonging do not agree with the main nominal form. | Both ''attributive'' and ''predicative'' adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify. Other elements, which convey possession or belonging do not agree with the main nominal form. | ||
äs wīrə çoba cän hümehīdə sohuɕär | |||
<small>the young man is going home</small> | <small>the young man is going home</small> | ||
äsən honänə çobanə | |||
<small>the young women</small> | <small>the young women</small> | ||
äsən honänə cänun çobanə | |||
<small>the women are young</small> | <small>the women are young</small> | ||
As | As a notable exception for a specifying form, the article is always placed ''before'' the entire noun cluster. | ||
äsən sohənə rehənə cäs wīrə huhe | |||
<small>the new houses of the old man</small> | <small>the new houses of the old man</small> | ||
Non-qualifying adjectives display, similarly, an irregular behavior about their positioning inside the noun cluster and about the usage of the article. | |||
The indefinite, interrogative, and demonstrative adjectives are, indeed, almost always placed ''before'' the noun without any article. They do agree with their noun in case and number. | |||
hesul‘ vjirul‘ | |||
<small>no man</small> | |||
šæxul‘ sowgul‘? | |||
<small>which house?</small> | |||
nistuxul‘ soɸal‘ | |||
<small>this dog</small> | |||
The possessive adjectives are also always placed ''before'' the noun, but, unlike the other non-qualifying adjectives, they sistematically require the article, when adjoining a definite noun. They do agree with their noun in case and number. | |||
æl‘ joral‘ lilæl‘ | |||
<small>my hand</small> | |||
The grammar role of noun clusters can be further specified by ''prepositions'', which are placed before the cluster. Thus, it can be stated that the noun cluster can be introduced by a preposition. | The grammar role of noun clusters can be further specified by ''prepositions'', which are placed before the cluster. Thus, it can be stated that the noun cluster can be introduced by a preposition. | ||
owf cæžɛbugjiθu gu æha sowguha | |||
<small>I am talking about the house</small> | <small>I am talking about the house</small> | ||
Revision as of 02:20, 7 May 2025
Nouns
The noun cluster is formed by a noun, carrying the main meaning, and by other noun-type forms, namely adjectives, which specify this meanings or add other meaning to the main noun. Inside of a noun cluster, the noun can be replaced by a pronoun.
The noun usually introduces the noun cluster, being followed by every other specifying form. Thus, other elements conveying possession and belonging are always placed after the noun, as well as every attributive adjective.
äs sohə cäs wīrə the man’s house
äs honä çoba a young woman
The role of the noun cluster in the sentence and its number are marked by case and number endings. These endings mark also other adjectival elements inside the noun cluster, resulting this in the process called nominal agreement.
Both attributive and predicative adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify. Other elements, which convey possession or belonging do not agree with the main nominal form.
äs wīrə çoba cän hümehīdə sohuɕär the young man is going home
äsən honänə çobanə the young women
äsən honänə cänun çobanə the women are young
As a notable exception for a specifying form, the article is always placed before the entire noun cluster.
äsən sohənə rehənə cäs wīrə huhe the new houses of the old man
Non-qualifying adjectives display, similarly, an irregular behavior about their positioning inside the noun cluster and about the usage of the article.
The indefinite, interrogative, and demonstrative adjectives are, indeed, almost always placed before the noun without any article. They do agree with their noun in case and number.
hesul‘ vjirul‘ no man
šæxul‘ sowgul‘? which house?
nistuxul‘ soɸal‘ this dog
The possessive adjectives are also always placed before the noun, but, unlike the other non-qualifying adjectives, they sistematically require the article, when adjoining a definite noun. They do agree with their noun in case and number.
æl‘ joral‘ lilæl‘ my hand
The grammar role of noun clusters can be further specified by prepositions, which are placed before the cluster. Thus, it can be stated that the noun cluster can be introduced by a preposition.
owf cæžɛbugjiθu gu æha sowguha I am talking about the house
