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The noun cluster is formed by a noun, carrying the main meaning, and by other noun-type forms, namely adjectives, which specify this meaning or add other meaning to the main noun. Inside of a noun cluster, the noun can be replaced by a pronoun. | The noun cluster is formed by a noun, carrying the main meaning, and by other noun-type forms, namely adjectives, which specify this meaning or add other meaning to the main noun. Inside of a noun cluster, the noun can be replaced by a pronoun. | ||
The noun usually introduces the noun cluster, being preceded by every other specifying form. Thus, other elements conveying ''possession'' and ''belonging'' are always placed ''' | The noun usually introduces the noun cluster, being preceded by every other specifying form. Thus, other elements conveying ''possession'' and ''belonging'' are always placed '''after''' the noun, as well as every attributive adjective. | ||
sōgo līrora | |||
<small>the man’s house</small> | <small>the man’s house</small> | ||
liəlā oltəwra | |||
<small>my hand</small> | <small>my hand</small> | ||
ʔōna jōpā | |||
<small>the young woman</small> | <small>the young woman</small> | ||
Gli aggettivi di ruolo non qualificativo si comportano, invece, in maniera non perfettamente regolare riguardo la posizione che assumono nel gruppo del sostantivo. Gli aggettivi indefiniti, infatti, precedono quasi sistematicamente il sostantivo. | |||
hēsəw līro | |||
<small>no man</small> | |||
Anche gli aggettivi interrogativi tendono a precedere il sostantivo, pur se in maniera meno sistematica. Nelle frasi più complesse si nota, infatti, la tendenza a seguire il nome: | |||
ʂəko sōgo? | |||
<small>which house?</small> | |||
līloṕer sōgo fūkara ʂākor? | |||
di quale persona vedi la casa? | |||
Gli aggettivi determinativi, invece, dimostrano una variazione su scala diacronica. Nei testi del periodo arcaico questi vanno quasi sempre a precedere il sostantivo, mentre nei testi del periodo tardo si trovano quasi sistematicamente in posizione successiva al sostantivo. | |||
niəhtəw sopa / sopa niəhtəw | |||
<small>this dog</small> | |||
The role of the noun cluster in the sentence and its number are marked by case and number endings. These endings mark also other adjectival elements inside the noun cluster, resulting this in the process called ''nominal agreement''. | The role of the noun cluster in the sentence and its number are marked by case and number endings. These endings mark also other adjectival elements inside the noun cluster, resulting this in the process called ''nominal agreement''. | ||
Both ''attributive'' and ''predicative'' adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify. Other elements, which convey possession or belonging do not agree with the main nominal form. | Both ''attributive'' and ''predicative'' adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify. Particolare è l’accordo nominale degli aggettivi in funzione attributiva, i quali presentano una declinazione con desinenze diverse da quelle nominali. Other elements, which convey possession or belonging do not agree with the main nominal form. | ||
līloṕət́ līroliə jōpāl sōgo | |||
<small>the young man | <small>the young man sees the house</small> | ||
sōgo oltəwrano | |||
<small>our house</small> | <small>our house</small> | ||
ʔōnano jōpān | |||
<small>the young women</small> | <small>the young women</small> | ||
ʔəɳon ʔōnano jōpāno | |||
<small>the women are young</small> | <small>the women are young</small> | ||
The agreement among nouns and adjectives is not a universal phenomenon. Indefinite adjectives, indeed, usually do not agree with the nominal form, neither in case nor in number. | The agreement among nouns and adjectives is not a universal phenomenon. Indefinite adjectives, indeed, usually do not agree with the nominal form, neither in case nor in number. | ||
The grammar role of noun clusters can be further specified by ''prepositions'', which are placed before the cluster. Thus, it can be stated that the noun cluster can be introduced by a preposition. | The grammar role of noun clusters can be further specified by ''prepositions'', which are placed before the cluster. Thus, it can be stated that the noun cluster can be introduced by a preposition. | ||
ʔiəmēhol kōl sōgoxə | |||
<small>I am | <small>I am going home</small> | ||
Revision as of 14:41, 5 May 2025
Nouns
The noun cluster is formed by a noun, carrying the main meaning, and by other noun-type forms, namely adjectives, which specify this meaning or add other meaning to the main noun. Inside of a noun cluster, the noun can be replaced by a pronoun.
The noun usually introduces the noun cluster, being preceded by every other specifying form. Thus, other elements conveying possession and belonging are always placed after the noun, as well as every attributive adjective.
sōgo līrora the man’s house
liəlā oltəwra my hand
ʔōna jōpā the young woman
Gli aggettivi di ruolo non qualificativo si comportano, invece, in maniera non perfettamente regolare riguardo la posizione che assumono nel gruppo del sostantivo. Gli aggettivi indefiniti, infatti, precedono quasi sistematicamente il sostantivo.
hēsəw līro no man
Anche gli aggettivi interrogativi tendono a precedere il sostantivo, pur se in maniera meno sistematica. Nelle frasi più complesse si nota, infatti, la tendenza a seguire il nome:
ʂəko sōgo? which house?
līloṕer sōgo fūkara ʂākor? di quale persona vedi la casa?
Gli aggettivi determinativi, invece, dimostrano una variazione su scala diacronica. Nei testi del periodo arcaico questi vanno quasi sempre a precedere il sostantivo, mentre nei testi del periodo tardo si trovano quasi sistematicamente in posizione successiva al sostantivo.
niəhtəw sopa / sopa niəhtəw this dog
The role of the noun cluster in the sentence and its number are marked by case and number endings. These endings mark also other adjectival elements inside the noun cluster, resulting this in the process called nominal agreement.
Both attributive and predicative adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify. Particolare è l’accordo nominale degli aggettivi in funzione attributiva, i quali presentano una declinazione con desinenze diverse da quelle nominali. Other elements, which convey possession or belonging do not agree with the main nominal form.
līloṕət́ līroliə jōpāl sōgo the young man sees the house
sōgo oltəwrano our house
ʔōnano jōpān the young women
ʔəɳon ʔōnano jōpāno the women are young
The agreement among nouns and adjectives is not a universal phenomenon. Indefinite adjectives, indeed, usually do not agree with the nominal form, neither in case nor in number.
The grammar role of noun clusters can be further specified by prepositions, which are placed before the cluster. Thus, it can be stated that the noun cluster can be introduced by a preposition.
ʔiəmēhol kōl sōgoxə I am going home
