User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions
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===Noun declension=== | ===Noun declension=== | ||
Nouns are declined for number by changing the last vowel of the noun root. The | Nouns are declined for number by changing the last vowel of the noun root. The commonest change is the lengthening of the final vowel: | ||
{|- | {|- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width: 80px;"| <center> | | style="width: 80px;"| <center>a → ā</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center> | | <center>e → ē</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center>i → | | <center>i → ī</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center> | | <center>o → ō</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center> | | <center>u → ū</center> | ||
|} | |} | ||
If the last vowel of the noun root is already long in the singular, it undergoes a changing in height: | |||
{|- | |||
|- | |||
| style="width: 80px;"| <center>ā → ē</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>ē → ī</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>ī → ī</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>ō → ū</center> | |||
|- | |||
| <center>ū → ū</center> | |||
|} | |||
As it can be noticed, nouns whose root ends in -ī and -ū do not distinguish any different plural forms. | |||
Nouns are also declined in case by adding the following endings to the base form of the noun: | Nouns are also declined in case by adding the following endings to the base form of the noun: | ||
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{|- | {|- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>'' | | style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''nominative''</small></center> || style="width: 60px;"| -x | ||
|- | |||
| <center><small>''accusative''</small></center> || - | |||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>'' | | <center><small>''genitive''</small></center> || -fu | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>'' | | <center><small>''dative''</small></center> || -šu | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>'' | | <center><small>''ablative''</small></center> || -ho | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>'' | | <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || -ma | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>'' | | <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || -va | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 08:48, 2 May 2025
Noun declension
Nouns are declined for number by changing the last vowel of the noun root. The commonest change is the lengthening of the final vowel:
If the last vowel of the noun root is already long in the singular, it undergoes a changing in height:
As it can be noticed, nouns whose root ends in -ī and -ū do not distinguish any different plural forms.
Nouns are also declined in case by adding the following endings to the base form of the noun:
| -x | |
| - | |
| -fu | |
| -šu | |
| -ho | |
| -ma | |
| -va |
Some examples are shown below: a class I noun, rome, father, and a class II noun, döme, house.
| romek | romik | |||
| rome | romi | döme | dömi | |
| romeħ | romiħ | dömeħ | dömiħ | |
| romeɕ | romiɕ | dömeɕ | dömiɕ | |
| romen | romin | dömen | dömin | |
| romema | romima | dömema | dömima | |
As for the rules, the endings for the ergative case cannot be added to a class II noun.
