User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions
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| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 60px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 60px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> | | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 60px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 60px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>'' | | <center><small>''nominative''</small></center> || -r || -rĩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>'' | | <center><small>''accusative''</small></center> || - || - ̃ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>''oblique''</small></center> || - | | <center><small>''oblique''</small></center> || -š || -šũ | ||
|} | |} | ||
An example is shown below: soba, ''dog''. | |||
{|- | {|- | ||
|- | |- | ||
Revision as of 10:34, 30 April 2025
Noun declension
Nouns are declined in case and number by adding the following endings to the base form of the noun:
| -r | -rĩ | |
| - | - ̃ | |
| -š | -šũ |
An example is shown below: soba, dog.
| paɸu | paɸunu | sowgu | sowgunu | |
| paɸul‘ | paɸunol‘ | sowgul‘ | sowgunol‘ | |
| paɸuha | paɸunoha | sowguha | sowgunoha | |
Nouns ending in a consonant in the singular direct case usually add a euphonic vowel before the endings of the other cases. This vowel is generally -i-, but other vowels are also possible.
bas. vær‘ → dir. vær‘il‘, obl. vær‘iha, ...
Some irregular nouns, conversely, change their last vowel in the root before adding other endings. The commonest changes are u → o, or i → e. A lot of these nouns display both irregular and regular forms, especially in earlier texts. In modern texts the amount of irregular forms is extremely limited, with a strong tendency towards regularization by analogy.
bas. sænu → dir. sænol‘, obl. sænoha, ... bas. voɸi → dir. voɸel‘, obl. voɸeha, ...
