User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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==Nouns==
==Nouns==
Nouns in Jeʂtəra language end almost exclusively in a vowel. A certain number of nouns, mostly loanwords, may unusually end in a consonant; in this case a euphonic vowel, -ə-, is added at the end of noun before the normal declension endings. On rare occasions other vowels, derived from the original language of the loanword, are used in this euphonic role.
Nouns in Gəjlnigo language end predominantly in a vowel. A certain amount of nouns, however, ends in a consonant, usually a palatalized one; these nouns tend to behave as irregular ones, but a euphonic vowel, mostly -i-, is generally added at the end of noun before the normal declension endings.  


Nouns are grouped into two declension classes: the so-called ''ergative'' class or class I and ''inactive'' class or class II. The ergative class generally includes nouns indicating animate beings, namely capable of intentional motion or action, while the inactive class includes inanimate objects or entities. As a rule, we can sketch out the following scheme:
Nouns display neither gender nor class distinction. There are, however, two morphological numbers for almost all nouns, '''singular''' and '''plural''', and a limited case system. If a noun is deemed as ''definite'', a form of '''definite article''' is used and placed before it.
 
*'''class I''': human beings, animals, deities
*'''class II''': plants, objects, ideas, feelings, senses, perceptions
 
A noun is not irreversibly included in one of the two classes, as nouns lack clear morphological marks for each class.
 
For example, the word ṕiəḱe, ''water'', and rūro, ''fire'' are more than often included in the class I. In earlier texts plants are consistently included in the class II, as entities unable to move, while in the later period some plant names can shift to the class I, as living beings.
 
Despite the general lack of morphological markers in the basic forms, being thus unable to distinguish the two classes, the declension patterns depend on which class a noun belongs to.
 
There are two morphological numbers for almost all nouns, '''singular''' and '''plural'''.

Revision as of 01:42, 26 April 2025

Nouns

Nouns in Gəjlnigo language end predominantly in a vowel. A certain amount of nouns, however, ends in a consonant, usually a palatalized one; these nouns tend to behave as irregular ones, but a euphonic vowel, mostly -i-, is generally added at the end of noun before the normal declension endings.

Nouns display neither gender nor class distinction. There are, however, two morphological numbers for almost all nouns, singular and plural, and a limited case system. If a noun is deemed as definite, a form of definite article is used and placed before it.

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