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The group of the plosive consonants is quite poor and distinguishes two sub-groups: ''voiced'' and ''uvular'', with the uvular sub-group including only the phoneme [q]. It remarkably lacks a group of voiceless consonants.
The group of the plosive consonants is essentially rich and distinguishes three sub-groups: ''voiceless'', ''voiced'', and ''palatal''.


The group of the nasal and of the liquid consonants are slighty poorer, but anyway quite developed.
The group of the nasal is substantially poorer, but anyway quite developed, with unpalatalized and palatalized variants. The group of the liquid consonant is even scarcer, with a single phoneme [r] and its palatalized variant [rʲ].


The group of the fricative consonants is quite developed and rich in points of articulation, but it displays a limited distinction between voiced and voiceless phonemes.  
The group of the fricative consonants is overall rich in its large amount of phoneme and of points of articulation, with an extensive distinction between voiced and voiceless phonemes. The phonemes [j] and [w] have a full consonantal value and they are never regarded as semivowels.
 
There is only one affricate phoneme, [ʦ], and a total lack of approximant consonants.

Revision as of 01:48, 18 April 2025

Main article: Į̄mχɛ̱́

This page gives an extensive description of Į̄mχɛ̱́ phonological features.

Consonants

The consonant system distinguishes 33 phonemes, traditionally arranged in the following scheme:

IPA
Transcription
plosive voiceless
[p]
[k]
[t]
p
k
t
voiced
[b]
[g]
[d]
b
g
d
palatal
[c]
[ɟ]
c
ɟ
nasal
[m]
[n]
m
n
[mʲ]
[nʲ]
ḿ
ń
liquid
[r]
[rʲ]
r
ŕ
fricative sibilant
[s]
s
velar
[x]
x
glottal
[h]
h
retroflex
[ʂ]
[ʐ]
ʂ
ʐ
palato-alveolar
[ʃ]
[ʒ]
š
ž
palato-sibilant
[ɕ]
ɕ
palatal
[ç]
[ʝ]
ç
ʝ
uvular
[χ]
[ʁ]
χ
ř
dental
[θ]
[ð]
θ
ð
bilabial
[β]
β
affricate
[ʧ]
[ʤ]
č
ǧ
approximant
[j]
[w]
j
w

The group of the plosive consonants is essentially rich and distinguishes three sub-groups: voiceless, voiced, and palatal.

The group of the nasal is substantially poorer, but anyway quite developed, with unpalatalized and palatalized variants. The group of the liquid consonant is even scarcer, with a single phoneme [r] and its palatalized variant [rʲ].

The group of the fricative consonants is overall rich in its large amount of phoneme and of points of articulation, with an extensive distinction between voiced and voiceless phonemes. The phonemes [j] and [w] have a full consonantal value and they are never regarded as semivowels.

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