Proto-Saːkdi morphology

Main article: Proto-Saːkdi

This page gives an extensive description of Proto-Saːkdi morphological features.

As already mentioned, Proto-Saːkdi is a morphologically isolating language. Each lexeme does not undergo any morphological mutation. Syntactical roles are thus entirely expressed by syntax and word order. Lexemes can, however, combine in many derivative processes.

Nouns

Nouns in Proto-Saːkdi usually have a multisyllabic form; they very rarely have a monosyllabic form.

On the morphological level nouns display no number, case or definiteness, exhibiting always the same unaltered form:

moːrɖa
wolf - a wolf - the wolf - wolves - the wolves

Numerals

The numeral system relies on a decimal base.

The first ten cardinal numbers are forms on their own:

digit	full form
1:	pɛːm
2:	laz
3:	ħuːd
4:	ɖajr
5:	ʂuʡ
6:	towŋ
7:	kiːr
8:	ʐeːr
9:	bɔp
10:	ʂujl

Numerals from 11 to 19 can be built:

• With the numeral unit + the numeral ʂujl, NUM + ʂujl

digit	noun form
11:	pɛːmʂujl
11:	lazʂujl

• With ʂujl + the postposition nɔ, over, + the numeral unit, ʂujl + nɔ + NUM:

digit	noun form
11:	ʂujlnɔpɛːm
11:	ʂujlnɔlaz

The numeral for (one) hundred is a form on its own:

digit	full form
100:	qijm

The numeral (one) thousand is morphologically derived from the form for (one) hundred:

digit	full form
1000:	ɴɔrqijm

The numerals for the multiples of tens, hundreds and thousands are built with the construction NUM + (a)raz (times) + ʂujl / qijm / ɴɔrqijm:

	tens	hundreds	thousands
2x:	lazrazʂujl	lazrazqijm	lazrazɴɔrqijm
3x:	ħuːdrazʂujl	ħuːdrazqijm	ħuːdrazɴɔrqijm
4x:	ɖajrarazʂujl	ɖajrarazqijm	ɖajrarazɴɔrqijm
5x:	ʂuʡrazʂujl	ʂuʡrazqijm	ʂuʡrazɴɔrqijm
6x:	towŋrazʂujl	towŋrazqijm	towŋrazɴɔrqijm
7x:	kiːrarazʂujl	kiːrarazqijm	kiːrarazɴɔrqijm
8x:	ʐeːrarazʂujl	ʐeːrarazqijm	ʐeːrarazɴɔrqijm
9x:	bɔprazʂujl	bɔprazqijm	bɔprazɴɔrqijm

Numbers above the multiples of thousands have no name and are specified by the lesser numerals.

Composite numbers are built by just putting them beside, without any conjunction, in descending order:

• 2985: lazrazɴɔrqijm bɔprazqijm ʐeːrarazʂujl ʂuʡ

As for other parts of the language, all cardinal numerals are meant as invariable forms.

Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the prefix pe- and the suffix -ta to the cardinal numeral form:

digit	adjective form
1st:	pepɛːmta
2nd:	pelazta
3rd:	peħuːd(a)ta
4th:	peɖajrta
5th:	peʂuʡta
6th:	petowŋta
7th:	pekiːrta
8th:	peʐeːrta
9th:	pebɔpta
10th:	peʂujlta
11th:	pepɛːmʂujlta
12th:	pelaz(a)ʂujlta
20th:	pelazrazʂujlta
30th:	peħuːdrazʂujlta
600th:	petowŋrazqijmta
9000th:	pebɔprazɴɔrqijmta

If the numeral form is composite, both affixes are added to every form:

• 325^th: peħuːdrazqijmta pelazrazʂujlta peʂuʡta