User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 15:21, 5 April 2025

Main article: Memniq

This page gives an extensive description of Memniq morphological features.

Numerals

The numeral system relies on a mixed system of decimal base and a vigesimal base.

The first ten cardinal numbers are noun-like forms on their own:

digit	noun form
1:	țe̥ʔu
2:	iʔẙq
3:	emqi̥
4:	anḁ̈ŕ
5:	fḁ̈nu
6:	yťŕḁ̈
7:	iħśü̥
8:	ʔe̥ći
9:	ḁtjö
10:	po̥ʔi

Numerals from 11 to 13 are built with the construction NUM + fēʔo:

digit	noun form
11:	ʂāʔofēʔo
12:	ʔakiəfēʔo
13:	miəkōfēʔo

Numerals from 14 to 19are built with the construction fēʔo + NUM:

digit	noun form
14:	fēʔogōle
15:	fēʔoṕāge
16:	fēʔoðūla
17:	fēʔohaʂə
18:	fēʔoḱəwʔe
19:	fēʔoʈōjəw

The numerals for 20 is a noun-like form on their own, being actually a loanword:

digit	noun form
20:	ʔatrū

Numerals for 30, 50, 70 and 90 are built with the construction NUM + fēʔot́əw:

digit	noun form
30:	miəkōfēʔot́əw
50:	ṕāgefēʔot́əw
70:	haʂəfēʔot́əw
90:	ʈōjəwfēʔot́əw

Numerals for 40, 60 and 80 are built with the construction 2 / 3 / 4 + ʔatrūt́əw:

digit	noun form
46:	ʔakiəʔatrūt́əw
60:	miəkōʔatrūt́əw
80:	gōleʔatrūt́əw

The numerals for (one) hundred and (one) thousand are noun-like forms on their own:

digit	noun form
100:	ɳāt́əw
1000:	liəʔā

The numerals for the multiples of hundreds and thousands are built with the construction NUM + ɳāt́əwt́əw/ liəʔāt́əw, with some irregularities:

	hundreds	thousands
2x:	ʔakiəɳāt́əwt́əw	ʔakiəliəʔāt́əw
3x:	miəkōɳāt́əwt́əw	miəkōliəʔāt́əw
4x:	gōleɳāt́əwt́əw	gōleliəʔāt́əw
5x:	ṕāgeɳāt́əwt́əw	ṕāgeliəʔāt́əw
6x:	ðūlaɳāt́əwt́əw	ðūlaliəʔāt́əw
7x:	haʂəɳāt́əwt́əw	haʂəliəʔāt́əw
8x:	ḱəwʔeɳāt́əwt́əw	ḱəwʔeliəʔāt́əw
9x:	ʈōjəwɳāt́əwt́əw	ʈōjəwliəʔāt́əw

All cardinal numerals up to these forms are meant as invariable.

The numeral for “million” is a loanword. Numbers above the millions have no name and are specified by the lesser numerals.

digit	noun form
1,000,000:	t́ənt

This form is treated as a regularly declinable noun:

digit	noun form
3,000,000:	miəkō t́əntəno
25,000,000:	ʔatrū ṕāge t́əntəno

If this numeral is used as a simple count form, it is declined in the passive case. Inside of a structured sentence, it is declined according the case required by its syntactical role. Nouns adjoining such numerals are introduced by the preposition čɛl and are declined in the ablative case.

ʔakiə t́əntəxəno fūkarano
to two millions people

Composite numbers are built by just putting them beside, without any conjunction, in descending order:

1985: liəʔā ʈōjəwɳāt́əwt́əw gōleʔatrūt́əw ṕāge

Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the ordinal ending -lo to the cardinal numeral form, with an irregular suppletive form:

digit	adjective form
1^st:	roɕdu
2^nd:	ogidu
3^rd:	migōdu
4^th:	nōhdu
5^th:	čōndu
6^th:	θūhadu
7^th:	hoɕedu
8^th:	šudu
9^th:	cōjudu
10^th:	fēwdu
11^th:	ɕōwfēwdu
12^th:	ogifēwdu
20^th:	ogifēwtujdu
30^th:	ogifēwtujdu
60^th:	θūhafēwtunudu

The ordinal numeral for “millionth” is regularly formed from its corresponding cardinal forms, by adding the epenthetic vowel -ə-, while its multiples are formed by unifying the separated forms in an only adjectival word:

digit	adjective form
1,000,000^th:	t́əntəlo
3,000,000^th:	miəkōt́əntəlo

If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:

25^th: ʔatrū ṕāgelo

User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 15:21, 5 April 2025

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{main|Proto-Saːkdi}}
+{{main|Memniq}}
-This page gives an extensive description of '''Proto-Saːkdi morphological''' features.
+This page gives an extensive description of '''Memniq morphological''' features.
 ==Numerals==
-The numeral system relies on a decimal base.
+The numeral system relies on a mixed system of decimal base and a vigesimal base.
-The first ten cardinal numbers are forms on their own:
+The first ten cardinal numbers are noun-like forms on their own:
 {|-
 |-
-| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
+| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center>
 |-
-| <center>''1'':</center> || '''pɛːm'''
+| <center>''1'':</center> || țe̥ʔu
 |-
-| <center>''2'':</center> || '''laz'''
+| <center>''2'':</center>  || iʔẙq
 |-
-| <center>''3'':</center> || '''ħuːd'''
+| <center>''3'':</center>  || emqi̥
 |-
-| <center>''4'':</center> || '''ɖajr'''
+| <center>''4'':</center>  || anḁ̈ŕ
 |-
-| <center>''5'':</center> || '''ʂuʡ'''
+| <center>''5'':</center>  || fḁ̈nu
 |-
-| <center>''6'':</center> || '''towŋ'''
+| <center>''6'':</center>  || yťŕḁ̈
 |-
-| <center>''7'':</center> || '''kiːr'''
+| <center>''7'':</center>  || iħśü̥
 |-
-| <center>''8'':</center> || '''ʐeːr'''
+| <center>''8'':</center>  || ʔe̥ći
 |-
-| <center>''9'':</center> || '''bɔp'''
+| <center>''9'':</center>  || ḁtjö
 |-
-| <center>''10'':</center> || '''ʂujl'''
+| <center>''10'':</center>  || po̥ʔi
 |}
-Numerals from 11 to 19 can be built:
+Numerals from 11 to 13 are built with the construction NUM + fēʔo:
+{|-
-*With the numeral unit + the numeral '''ʂujl''', NUM + '''ʂujl'''
+|-
+| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center>
+|-
+| <center>''11'':</center> || ʂāʔofēʔo
+|-
+| <center>''12'':</center>  || ʔakiəfēʔo
+|-
+| <center>''13'':</center>  || miəkōfēʔo
+|}
+Numerals from 14 to 19are built with the construction fēʔo + NUM:
 {|-
 |-
 | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center>
 |-
-| <center>''11'':</center> || '''pɛːmʂujl'''
+| <center>''14'':</center>  || fēʔogōle
+|-
+| <center>''15'':</center>  || fēʔoṕāge
+|-
+| <center>''16'':</center>  || fēʔoðūla
+|-
+| <center>''17'':</center>  || fēʔohaʂə
+|-
+| <center>''18'':</center>  || fēʔoḱəwʔe
 |-
-| <center>''11'':</center> || '''lazʂujl'''
+| <center>''19'':</center>  || fēʔoʈōjəw
 |}
-*With '''ʂujl''' + the postposition '''nɔ''', ''over'', + the numeral unit, '''ʂujl''' + '''nɔ''' + NUM:
+The numerals for 20 is a noun-like form on their own, being actually a loanword:
+{|-
+|-
+| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center>
+|-
+| <center>''20'':</center> || ʔatrū
+|}
+Numerals for 30, 50, 70 and 90 are built with the construction NUM + fēʔot́əw:
 {|-
 |-
 | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center>
 |-
-| <center>''11'':</center> || '''ʂujlnɔpɛːm'''
+| <center>''30'':</center> || miəkōfēʔot́əw
+|-
+| <center>''50'':</center>  || ṕāgefēʔot́əw
+|-
+| <center>''70'':</center>  || haʂəfēʔot́əw
 |-
-| <center>''11'':</center> || '''ʂujlnɔlaz'''
+| <center>''90'':</center>  || ʈōjəwfēʔot́əw
 |}
-The numeral for ''(one) hundred'' is a form on its own:
+Numerals for 40, 60 and 80 are built with the construction 2 / 3 / 4 + ʔatrūt́əw:
 {|-
 |-
-| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
+| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center>
+|-
+| <center>''46'':</center>  || ʔakiəʔatrūt́əw
 |-
-| <center>''100'':</center>  || '''qijm'''
+| <center>''60'':</center>  || miəkōʔatrūt́əw
+|-
+| <center>''80'':</center>  || gōleʔatrūt́əw
 |}
-The numeral ''(one) thousand'' is morphologically derived from the form for ''(one) hundred'':
+The numerals for ''(one) hundred'' and ''(one) thousand'' are noun-like forms on their own:
 {|-
 |-
-| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
+| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center>
 |-
-| <center>''1000'':</center>  || '''ɴɔrqijm'''
+| <center>''100'':</center>  || ɳāt́əw
+|-
+| <center>''1000'':</center>  || liəʔā
 |}
-The numerals for the multiples of tens, hundreds and thousands are built with the construction NUM + '''(a)raz''' (''times'') + '''ʂujl''' / '''qijm''' / '''ɴɔrqijm''':
+The numerals for the multiples of hundreds and thousands are built with the construction NUM + ɳāt́əwt́əw/ liəʔāt́əw, with some irregularities:
 {|-
 |-
-| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small></small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''tens''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''hundreds''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''thousands''</small></center>
+| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small></small></center> || style="width: 130px;"| <center><small>''hundreds''</small></center> || style="width: 130px;"| <center><small>''thousands''</small></center>
+|-
+| <center><small>''2x'':</small></center> || ʔakiəɳāt́əwt́əw || ʔakiəliəʔāt́əw
+|-
+| <center><small>''3x'':</small></center> || miəkōɳāt́əwt́əw || miəkōliəʔāt́əw
 |-
-| <center><small>''2x'':</small></center> || '''lazrazʂujl''' || '''lazrazqijm''' || '''lazrazɴɔrqijm'''
+| <center><small>''4x'':</small></center> || gōleɳāt́əwt́əw || gōleliəʔāt́əw
 |-
-| <center><small>''3x'':</small></center> || '''ħuːdrazʂujl''' || '''ħuːdrazqijm''' || '''ħuːdrazɴɔrqijm'''
+| <center><small>''5x'':</small></center> || ṕāgeɳāt́əwt́əw || ṕāgeliəʔāt́əw
 |-
-| <center><small>''4x'':</small></center> || '''ɖajrarazʂujl''' || '''ɖajrarazqijm''' || '''ɖajrarazɴɔrqijm'''
+| <center><small>''6x'':</small></center> || ðūlaɳāt́əwt́əw || ðūlaliəʔāt́əw
 |-
-| <center><small>''5x'':</small></center> || '''ʂuʡrazʂujl''' || '''ʂuʡrazqijm''' || '''ʂuʡrazɴɔrqijm'''
+| <center><small>''7x'':</small></center> || haʂəɳāt́əwt́əw || haʂəliəʔāt́əw
 |-
-| <center><small>''6x'':</small></center> || '''towŋrazʂujl''' || '''towŋrazqijm''' || '''towŋrazɴɔrqijm'''
+| <center><small>''8x'':</small></center> || ḱəwʔeɳāt́əwt́əw || ḱəwʔeliəʔāt́əw
 |-
-| <center><small>''7x'':</small></center> || '''kiːrarazʂujl''' || '''kiːrarazqijm''' || '''kiːrarazɴɔrqijm'''
+| <center><small>''9x'':</small></center> || ʈōjəwɳāt́əwt́əw || ʈōjəwliəʔāt́əw
+|}
+All cardinal numerals up to these forms are meant as invariable.
+The numeral for “million” is a loanword. Numbers above the millions have no name and are specified by the lesser numerals.
+{|-
 |-
-| <center><small>''8x'':</small></center> || '''ʐeːrarazʂujl''' || '''ʐeːrarazqijm''' || '''ʐeːrarazɴɔrqijm'''
+| style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center>
 |-
-| <center><small>''9x'':</small></center> || '''bɔprazʂujl''' || '''bɔprazqijm''' || '''bɔprazɴɔrqijm'''
+| <center>''1,000,000'':</center>  || t́ənt
 |}
-Numbers above the multiples of thousands have no name and are specified by the lesser numerals.
+This form is treated as a regularly declinable noun:
+{|-
+|-
+| style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center>
+|-
+| <center>''3,000,000'':</center>  || miəkō t́əntəno
+|-
+| <center>''25,000,000'':</center>  || ʔatrū ṕāge t́əntəno
+|}
+If this numeral is used as a simple count form, it is declined in the passive case. Inside of a structured sentence, it is declined according the case required by its syntactical role. Nouns adjoining such numerals are introduced by the preposition čɛl and are declined in the ablative case.
+ ʔakiə t́əntəxəno fūkarano
+ <small>to two millions people</small>
 Composite numbers are built by just putting them beside, without any conjunction, in descending order:
-*''2985'': '''lazrazɴɔrqijm bɔprazqijm ʐeːrarazʂujl ʂuʡ'''
+*''1985'': liəʔā ʈōjəwɳāt́əwt́əw gōleʔatrūt́əw ṕāge
-As for other parts of the language, all cardinal numerals are meant as invariable forms.
+Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the ordinal ending -lo to the cardinal numeral form, with an irregular suppletive form:
-Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the prefix '''pe-''' and the suffix '''-ta''' to the cardinal numeral form:
 {|-
 |-
 | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''adjective form''</small></center>
 |-
-| <center>''1<sup>st</sup>'':</center> || '''pepɛːmta'''
+| <center>''1<sup>st</sup>'':</center> || roɕdu
 |-
-| <center>''2<sup>nd</sup>'':</center> || '''pelazta'''
+| <center>''2<sup>nd</sup>'':</center>  || ogidu
 |-
-| <center>''3<sup>rd</sup>'':</center> || '''peħuːd(a)ta'''
+| <center>''3<sup>rd</sup>'':</center>  || migōdu
 |-
-| <center>''4<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || '''peɖajrta'''
+| <center>''4<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || nōhdu
 |-
-| <center>''5<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || '''peʂuʡta'''
+| <center>''5<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || čōndu
 |-
-| <center>''6<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || '''petowŋta'''
+| <center>''6<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || θūhadu
 |-
-| <center>''7<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || '''pekiːrta'''
+| <center>''7<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || hoɕedu
 |-
-| <center>''8<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || '''peʐeːrta'''
+| <center>''8<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || šudu
 |-
-| <center>''9<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || '''pebɔpta'''
+| <center>''9<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || cōjudu
 |-
-| <center>''10<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || '''peʂujlta'''
+| <center>''10<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || fēwdu
 |-
-| <center>''11<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || '''pepɛːmʂujlta'''
+| <center>''11<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || ɕōwfēwdu
 |-
-| <center>''12<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || '''pelaz(a)ʂujlta'''
+| <center>''12<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || ogifēwdu
 |-
-| <center>''20<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || '''pelazrazʂujlta'''
+| <center>''20<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || ogifēwtujdu
+|-
+| <center>''30<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || ogifēwtujdu
+|-
+| <center>''60<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || θūhafēwtunudu
+|}
+The ordinal numeral for “millionth” is regularly formed from its corresponding cardinal forms, by adding the epenthetic vowel -ə-, while its multiples are formed by unifying the separated forms in an only adjectival word:
+{|-
 |-
-| <center>''30<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || '''peħuːdrazʂujlta'''
+| style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''adjective form''</small></center>
 |-
-| <center>''600<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || '''petowŋrazqijmta'''
+| <center>''1,000,000<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || t́əntəlo
 |-
-| <center>''9000<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || '''pebɔprazɴɔrqijmta'''
+| <center>''3,000,000<sup>th</sup>'':</center>  || miəkōt́əntəlo
 |}
-If the numeral form is composite, both affixes are added to every form:
+If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:
-*''325<sup>th</sup>'': '''peħuːdrazqijmta pelazrazʂujlta peʂuʡta'''
+*''25<sup>th</sup>'': ʔatrū ṕāgelo