User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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Numerals from 11 to 19 are built with the construction ɕüw + nɔ + NUM:
Numerals from 11 to 19 can be built:
 
*With the numeral unit + the numeral '''ʂujl''', NUM + '''ʂujl'''
 
{|-
{|-
|-
|-
| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>  
| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center>  
|-
|-
| <center>''11'':</center> || ɕüwnɔbö̃
| <center>''11'':</center> || '''pɛːmʂujl'''
|-
|-
| <center>''12'':</center> || ɕüwnɔlar
| <center>''11'':</center> || '''lazʂujl'''
|}
 
*With '''ʂujl''' + the postposition '''nɔ''', ''over'', + the numeral unit, '''ʂujl''' + '''nɔ''' + NUM:
 
{|-
|-
|-
| <center>''13'':</center> || ɕüwnɔču
| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center>
|-
|-
| <center>''14'':</center> || ɕüwnɔɟä
| <center>''11'':</center> || '''ʂujlnɔpɛːm'''
|-
|-
| <center>''15'':</center> || ɕüwnɔɕu
| <center>''11'':</center> || '''ʂujlnɔlaz'''
|}
 
The numeral for ''(one) hundred'' is a form on its own:
{|-
|-
|-
| <center>''16'':</center> || ɕüwnɔdü̃
| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
|-
|-
| <center>''17'':</center> || ɕüwnɔɟi
| <center>''100'':</center> || '''qijm'''
|-
| <center>''18'':</center> || ɕüwnɔžy
|-
| <center>''19'':</center> || ɕüwnɔhɔp
|}
|}


The numerals for ''(one) hundred'' and ''(one) thousand'' are forms on their own:
The numeral ''(one) thousand'' is morphologically derived from the form for ''(one) hundred'':
{|-
{|-
|-
|-
| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>  
| style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>  
|-
|-
| <center>''100'':</center>  || čĩ
| <center>''1000'':</center>  || '''ɴɔrqijm'''
|-
| <center>''1000'':</center>  || nɔčĩ
|}
|}


Revision as of 01:10, 3 April 2025

Main article: Proto-Saːkdi

This page gives an extensive description of Proto-Saːkdi morphological features.

Numerals

The numeral system relies on a decimal base.

The first ten cardinal numbers are forms on their own:

digit
full form
1:
 pɛːm
2:
 laz
3:
 ħuːd
4:
 ɖajr
5:
 ʂuʡ
6:
 towŋ
7:
 kiːr
8:
 ʐeːr
9:
 bɔp
10:
 ʂujl

Numerals from 11 to 19 can be built:

  • With the numeral unit + the numeral ʂujl, NUM + ʂujl
digit
noun form
11:
 pɛːmʂujl
11:
 lazʂujl
  • With ʂujl + the postposition nɔ, over, + the numeral unit, ʂujl + nɔ + NUM:
digit
noun form
11:
 ʂujlnɔpɛːm
11:
 ʂujlnɔlaz

The numeral for (one) hundred is a form on its own:

digit
full form
100:
 qijm

The numeral (one) thousand is morphologically derived from the form for (one) hundred:

digit
full form
1000:
 ɴɔrqijm

The numerals for the multiples of tens, hundreds and thousands are built with the construction NUM + -arɕüw / -arčĩ / -arnɔčĩ. As these suffixes has often merged with the cardinal form, most forms are irregularly built:

tens
hundreds
thousands
2x:
 lararɕüw lararčĩ lararnɔčĩ
3x:
 čɔrɕüw čɔrčĩ čɔrnɔčĩ
4x:
 ɟärɕüw ɟärčĩ ɟärnɔčĩ
5x:
 ɕɔrɕüw ɕɔrčĩ ɕɔrnɔčĩ
6x:
 dɑ̃rɕüw dɑ̃rčĩ dɑ̃rnɔčĩ
7x:
 ɟɛrɕüw ɟɛrčĩ ɟɛrnɔčĩ
8x:
 žörɕüw žörčĩ žörnɔčĩ
9x:
 hɔbarɕüw hɔbarčĩ hɔbarnɔčĩ

Numerals for “million” and “billion” are loanwords from Iðâɣ language:

digit
full form
1,000,000:
 šurentu (from I. šúrěntu )
1,000,000,000:
 mešurentu (from I. mêšúrěntu )

These forms are treated as noun-like forms and can be used with other numerals:

digit
full form
3,000,000:
 ču šurentu
6,000,000,000:
 dü̃ mešurentu

They are however treated as normal numerals when used with nouns. Nouns adjoining such numerals are not introduced by any preposition: 

lar šurentu hɛ
two millions people

Composite numbers are built by just putting them beside, without any conjunction, in descending order:

  • 2985: lararnɔčĩ hɔbarčĩ žɛrɕüw ɕu

As for other parts of the language, all cardinal numerals are meant as invariable forms.

Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the suffix -da to the cardinal numeral form, with some irregularities:

digit
adjective form
1st:
 bö̃da
2nd:
 larda
3rd:
 čuɟa
4th:
 ɟäda
5th:
 ɕuda
6th:
 dü̃da
7th:
 ɟida
8th:
 žyda
9th:
 hɔvda
10th:
 ɕüwda
11th:
 ɕüwnɔbö̃da
12th:
 ɕüwnɔlarda
13th:
 ɕüwnɔčuɟa
20th:
 lararɕüwda
30th:
 čɔrɕüwda
600th:
 dɑ̃rčĩda
9000th:
 hɔbarnɔčĩda

If the numeral form is composite, the suffix is added to every form:

  • 325th: čɔrčĩda lararɕüwda ɕuda
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