User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII

Main article: Proto-Alri

This page gives an extensive description of Proto-Alri morphological features.

Numerals

Numeral roots are meant as nominal-verbal roots, with a (C)VC- structure.

The numeral system relies on a decimal base.

The first ten cardinal numbers are forms on their own:

digit	noun form
1:	ṫjes-
2:	moʈ-
3:	pʰijn-
4:	sjajr-
5:	ʂewṗ-
6:	kakʰ-
7:	njuʂ-
8:	towʡ-
9:	pəjt-
10:	lujm-

The numerals for (one) hundred and (one) thousand are forms on their own:

digit	noun form
100:	ʂowk̇-
1000:	k̇ajʂ-

If these roots have an adjoining noun, the adjectival ending -i is added to them. They are therefore treated like an adjective and declined in agreement with the noun.

ʂewṗ- → ʂewṗ- + -i- → ʂewṗi
five

If these roots are used as simple count forms, or in a pronominal role, the nominal ending -e is added to them. They are therefore treated like a pronoun and declined according the case required by their syntactical role.

njuʂ- → njuʂ- + -e- → njuʂe
seven

Other numerals do not have indipendent roots. Their forms are built by combining quite freely the already existing roots. There are no fixed construction patterns, as it is noticeable from the different results in daughter languages.

The numerals for tens, hundreds and thousands can be built:

• With the numeral root + the nominal ending -e, as an independent numeral form, NUM + -e:

digit	noun form
tens:	lujime
hundreds:	ʂowk̇e
thousands:	k̇ajʂe

• With the numeral root + the derivative suffix -ʂi, as an independent numeral form, NUM + -ʂi:

digit	noun form
tens:	lujimʂi
hundreds:	ʂowk̇ʂi
thousands:	k̇ajʂəʂi

The numerals for the multiples of tens, hundreds and thousands can be built:

• With the numeral root + lujme/ʂowk̇e/k̇ajʂe in the plural number, NUM + -lujmej/-ʂowk̇ej/-k̇ajʂej:

digit	noun form
30:	moʈlujmej
600:	sjajrʂowk̇ej
9000:	kakʰk̇ajʂej

• With the numeral root + lujmʂi/ʂowk̇ʂi/k̇ajʂəʂi in the plural number, NUM + -lujmʂij/-ʂowk̇ʂij/-k̇ajʂəʂij:

digit	noun form
30:	moʈlujmʂij
600:	sjajrʂowk̇ʂij
9000:	kakʰk̇ajʂəʂij

Numerals from 11 to 19 can be built:

• With the numeral root + the adjectival or nominal ending + lujmʂi, NUM + -i/-e + -lujmʂi

digit	noun form
11:	ṫjesilujmʂi / ṫjeselujmʂi

• With -lujme + the postposition nje, over, + the numeral root + the adjectival or nominal ending, lujme + nje + NUM + -i/-e:

digit	noun form
11:	lujmenjeṫjesi / lujmenjeṫjese

Numbers above the multiples of thousands have no name and are specified by the lesser numerals.

Composite numbers can be built:

• by just putting them beside, without any conjunction, in descending order:

1985	k̇ajʂe pəjtʂowk̇ej towʡlujmej ʂewṗe

• by linking them with the conjunction tʰe, and, in descending order:

1985	k̇ajʂe tʰe pəjtʂowk̇ej tʰe towʡlujmej tʰe ʂewṗe

Ordinal numerals can be formed:

• by adding the adjectival ending -ko to the cardinal numeral form:

ʂaːʔo → ʂaːʔoko
one → first

• by adding the comparative ending -roː to the cardinal numeral form:

tʰuːɬa → tʰuːɬaroː
six → sixth

• by adding the comparative ending -tu to the cardinal numeral form:

ŋoːɬe → ŋoːɬetu
four → fourth

• by adding the comparative ending -lo to the cardinal numeral form:

ḱuʔe → ḱuʔelo
eight → eighth

If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:

• 25^th: ʔakirepʰeːʔo ṕaːŋeko