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| ==Numerals== | | ===Interrogative pronouns=== |
| The numeral system relies on a decimal base.
| | Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots: |
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| |
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| ===Cardinal numerals===
| | *<small>''quality'':</small> '''ṫjejm-''' |
| The first ten cardinal numbers are noun-like forms on their own:
| | *<small>''quantity'':</small> '''sjowp-''' |
|
| |
|
| {|-
| | When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix '''-e-'''. |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''1'':</center> || ʂajqo
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''2'':</center> || qaki
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''3'':</center> || mikow
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''4'':</center> || wowhe
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''5'':</center> || çajwe
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''6'':</center> || ðujha
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''7'':</center> || ŕaʂä
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''8'':</center> || cuqe
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''9'':</center> || ʈobu
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''10'':</center> || βjeqo
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Numerals from 11 to 19 are built with the construction NUM + βjeqo + na:
| |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''11'':</center> || ʂajqoβjeqona
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''12'':</center> || qakiβjeqona
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''13'':</center> || mikowβjeqona
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''14'':</center> || wowheβjeqona
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''15'':</center> || çajweβjeqona
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''16'':</center> || ðujhaβjeqona
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''17'':</center> || ŕaʂäβjeqona
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''18'':</center> || cuqeβjeqona
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''19'':</center> || ʈobuβjeqona
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| The numerals for ''(one) hundred'' and ''(one) thousand'' are noun-like forms on their own:
| | '''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-e-''' → '''ṫjejme''' |
| {|-
| | <small>''interr.'' → ''what?, who?''</small> |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''100'':</center> || ñā́tu
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''1000'':</center> || wiʔā́
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| The numerals for the multiples of tens, hundreds and thousands are built with the construction NUM + re + phḗʔo/ñā́tu/wiʔā́:
| |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small></small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''tens''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''hundreds''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''thousands''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''2x'':</small></center> || ʔakirephḗʔo || ʔakireñā́tu || ʔakirewiʔā́
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''3x'':</small></center> || mikṓrephḗʔo || mikṓreñā́tu || mikṓrewiʔā́
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''4x'':</small></center> || gṓwerephḗʔo || gṓwereñā́tu || gṓwerewiʔā́
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''5x'':</small></center> || pā́gerephḗʔo || pā́gereñā́tu || pā́gerewiʔā́
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''6x'':</small></center> || thū́warephḗʔo || thū́wareñā́tu || thū́warewiʔā́
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''7x'':</small></center> || hašɑrephḗʔo || hašɑreñā́tu || hašɑrewiʔā́
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''8x'':</small></center> || kuʔerephḗʔo || kuʔereñā́tu || kuʔerewiʔā́
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''9x'':</small></center> || tsṓjurephḗʔo || tsṓjureñā́tu || tsṓjurewiʔā́
| |
| |}
| |
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| |
|
| Numbers above the multiples of thousands have no name and are specified by the lesser numerals.
| | When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix '''-i-'''. |
|
| |
|
| Composite numbers are built by just putting them beside, without any conjunction, in descending order:
| | '''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-i-''' → '''ṫjejmi''' |
| *''1985'': wiʔā́ tsṓjureñā́tu kuʔerephḗʔo pā́ge
| | <small>''interr.'' → ''which?''</small> |
|
| |
|
| All cardinal numerals are meant as invariable forms.
| | As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun. |
|
| |
|
| ===Ordinal numerals===
| |
| Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the adjectival ending -ko to the cardinal numeral form:
| |
| {|- | | {|- |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''adjective form''</small></center> | | | || colspan="2" | <center>''who? / what?''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''how much? / how many?''</center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center>''1<sup>st</sup>'':</center> || šā́ʔoko | | | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center>''2<sup>nd</sup>'':</center> || ʔakiko | | | <center><small>''ergative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmek̇ə''' || '''ṫjejmejk̇ə''' || '''sjowpek̇ə''' || '''sjowpejk̇ə''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center>''3<sup>rd</sup>'':</center> || mikṓko | | | <center><small>''absolutive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejme''' || '''ṫjejmej''' || '''sjowpe''' || '''sjowpej''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center>''4<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || gṓweko | | | <center><small>''possessive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeṗu''' || '''ṫjejmejṗu''' || '''sjowpeṗu''' || '''sjowpejṗu''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center>''5<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || pā́geko | | | <center><small>''terminative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʈu''' || '''ṫjejmejʈu''' || '''sjowpeʈu''' || '''sjowpejʈu''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center>''6<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || thū́wako | | | <center><small>''ablative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʡo''' || '''ṫjejmejʡo''' || '''sjowpeʡo''' || '''sjowpejʡo''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center>''7<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || hašɑko | | | <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeno''' || '''ṫjejmejno''' || '''sjowpeno''' || '''sjowpejno''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center>''8<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || kuʔeko | | | <center><small>''benefactive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmepə''' || '''ṫjejmejpə''' || '''sjowpepə''' || '''sjowpejpə''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center>''9<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || tsṓjuko | | | <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmema''' || '''ṫjejmejma''' || '''sjowpema''' || '''sjowpejma''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center>''10<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || phḗʔoko | | | <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmewa''' || '''ṫjejmejwa''' || '''sjowpewa''' || '''sjowpejwa''' |
| |} | | |} |
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| |
|
| If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:
| | The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case: |
| *''25<sup>th</sup>'': ʔakirephḗʔo pā́geko
| |
|
| |
|
| ===Fractional numerals===
| | * '''ṫjejmewa''': where (<small>static location</small>) |
| Fractional numerals are formed by adding the derivative ending -gū́ to the cardinal numeral form, with the exceptions of the numeral ''one'', and an irregular suppletive form:
| | * '''ṫjejmeʈu''': where (<small>motion toward</small>) |
| {|-
| | * '''ṫjejmeno ''': why (<small>cause</small>) |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''1'':</center> || -
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''2'':</center> || kū́pho
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''3'':</center> || mikṓgū́
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''4'':</center> || gṓwegū́
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''5'':</center> || pā́gegū́
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''6'':</center> || thū́wagū́
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''7'':</center> || hašɑgū́
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''8'':</center> || kuʔegū́
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''9'':</center> || tsṓjugū́
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''10'':</center> || phḗʔogū́
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''11'':</center> || šā́ʔophḗʔonagū́
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''12'':</center> || ʔakiphḗʔonagū́
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''20'':</center> || ʔakirephḗʔogū́
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''60'':</center> || thū́warephḗʔogū́
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''300'':</center> || mikṓreñā́tugū́
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''9000'':</center> || tsṓjurewiʔā́gū́
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:
| |
| *''25'': ʔakirephḗʔo pā́gegū́
| |
|
| |
|
| ===Distributive numerals===
| | These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns: |
| Distributive numerals are formed by adding the derivative ending -jḗ to the cardinal numeral form:
| |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''1'':</center> || šā́ʔojḗ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''2'':</center> || ʔakijḗ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''3'':</center> || mikṓjḗ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''4'':</center> || gṓwejḗ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''5'':</center> || pā́gejḗ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''6'':</center> || thū́wajḗ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''7'':</center> || hašɑjḗ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''8'':</center> || kuʔejḗ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''9'':</center> || tsṓjujḗ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''10'':</center> || phḗʔojḗ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''11'':</center> || šā́ʔophḗʔonajḗ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''12'':</center> || ʔakiphḗʔonajḗ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''20'':</center> || ʔakirephḗʔojḗ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''60'':</center> || thū́warephḗʔojḗ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''300'':</center> || mikṓreñā́tujḗ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''9000'':</center> || tsṓjurewiʔā́jḗ
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:
| |
| *''25'': ʔakirephḗʔo pā́gejḗ
| |
| | |
| ===Multiplier numerals===
| |
| Multiplier numerals are formed by adding the derivative ending -renɑ to the cardinal numeral form:
| |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''1'':</center> || šā́ʔorenɑ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''2'':</center> || ʔakirenɑ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''3'':</center> || mikṓrenɑ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''4'':</center> || gṓwerenɑ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''5'':</center> || pā́gerenɑ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''6'':</center> || thū́warenɑ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''7'':</center> || hašɑrenɑ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''8'':</center> || kuʔerenɑ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''9'':</center> || tsṓjurenɑ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''10'':</center> || phḗʔorenɑ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''11'':</center> || šā́ʔophḗʔonarenɑ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''12'':</center> || ʔakiphḗʔonarenɑ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''20'':</center> || ʔakirephḗʔorenɑ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''60'':</center> || thū́warephḗʔorenɑ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''300'':</center> || mikṓreñā́turenɑ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''9000'':</center> || tsṓjurewiʔā́renɑ
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:
| | * '''ṫjejmewa weʡewa''': in which place (<small>static location</small>) |
| *''25'': ʔakirephḗʔo pā́gerenɑ | | * '''ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu''': in which place (<small>motion toward</small>) |
