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===Conjugation of verbs===
===Interrogative pronouns===
Sample verbs (<small>two samples with a triliteral root, and two samples with a biliteral root</small>):  
Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots:


*'''Conjugation I''': termel, ''to sell'' - šekel, ''to give''
*<small>''quality'':</small> '''ṫjejm-'''
*'''Conjugation II''': ŕokmel, ''to lead'' - korel, ''to judge''
*<small>''quantity'':</small> '''sjowp-'''


====Declarative valency====
When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix '''-e-'''.


=====Active diathesis=====
'''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-e-''' → '''ṫjejme'''
<small>''interr.'' → ''what?, who?''</small>


======Indicative mood======
When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix '''-i-'''.
'''Imperfective present'''


In the '''imperfective present''', verbs are conjugated according to the following patterns:
'''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-i-''' → '''ṫjejmi'''
<small>''interr.'' → ''which?''</small> 


{| class="wikitable"
As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun.
|-
 
| || colspan="2" | <center>''<small>conjugation I</small>''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''<small>conjugation II</small>''</center>
{|-
|-
| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>triliteral root</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>biliteral root</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>triliteral root</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>biliteral root</small>''</center>
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>'''jo'''CC'''e̥'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>'''jo'''C'''e̥'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>'''jo'''CC'''o̥'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>'''jo'''C'''o̥'''C'''u'''</center>
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>'''ja'''CC'''e̥'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>'''ja'''C'''e̥'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>'''jä'''CC'''o̥'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>'''jä'''C'''o̥'''C'''u'''</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>'''ja'''CC'''e̥'''C'''e'''</center> || <center>'''ja'''C'''e̥'''C'''e'''</center> || <center>'''jä'''CC'''o̥'''C'''o'''</center> || <center>'''jä'''C'''o̥'''C'''o'''</center>
| || colspan="2" | <center>''who? / what?''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''how much? / how many?''</center>
|-
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>CC'''e̥'''C'''em'''</center> || <center>C'''e̥'''C'''em'''</center> || <center>CC'''o̥'''C'''om'''</center> || <center>C'''o̥'''C'''om'''</center>
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>  
|-
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>CC'''e̥'''C'''eš'''</center> || <center>C'''e̥'''C'''eš'''</center> || <center>CC'''o̥'''C'''oš'''</center> || <center>C'''o̥'''C'''oš'''</center>
| <center><small>''ergative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmek̇ə''' || '''ṫjejmejk̇ə''' || '''sjowpek̇ə''' || '''sjowpejk̇ə'''
|-
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>CC'''e̥'''C'''et'''</center> || <center>C'''e̥'''C'''et'''</center> || <center>CC'''o̥'''C'''ot'''</center> || <center>C'''o̥'''C'''ot'''</center>
| <center><small>''absolutive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejme''' || '''ṫjejmej''' || '''sjowpe''' || '''sjowpej'''
|}
 
Examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>termel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>šekel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>ŕokmel</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>korel</small>''</center>
| <center><small>''possessive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeṗu''' || '''ṫjejmejṗu''' || '''sjowpeṗu''' || '''sjowpejṗu'''
|-
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>jotre̥mu</center> || <center>joše̥ku</center> || <center>joŕko̥mu</center> || <center>joko̥ru</center>
| <center><small>''terminative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʈu''' || '''ṫjejmejʈu''' || '''sjowpeʈu''' || '''sjowpejʈu'''
|-
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>jatre̥mu</center> || <center>jaše̥ku</center> || <center>jäŕko̥mu</center> || <center>jäko̥ru</center>
| <center><small>''ablative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʡo''' || '''ṫjejmejʡo''' || '''sjowpeʡo''' || '''sjowpejʡo'''
|-
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>jatre̥me</center> || <center>jaše̥ke</center> || <center>jäŕko̥mo</center> || <center>jäko̥ro</center>
| <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeno''' || '''ṫjejmejno''' || '''sjowpeno''' || '''sjowpejno'''
|-
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tre̥mem</center> || <center>še̥kem</center> || <center>ŕko̥mom</center> || <center>ko̥rom</center>
| <center><small>''benefactive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmepə''' || '''ṫjejmejpə''' || '''sjowpepə''' || '''sjowpejpə'''
|-
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tre̥meš</center> || <center>še̥keš</center> || <center>ŕko̥moš</center> || <center>ko̥roš</center>
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmema''' || '''ṫjejmejma''' || '''sjowpema''' || '''sjowpejma'''
|-
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>tre̥met</center> || <center>še̥ket</center> || <center>ŕko̥mot</center> || <center>ko̥rot</center>
| <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmewa''' || '''ṫjejmejwa''' || '''sjowpewa''' || '''sjowpejwa'''
|}
|}


In the conjugation of triliteral roots, an euphonic vowel -ë- can be inserted in the three plural persons, if an unallowed initial consonant cluster appears.
The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case:


{| class="wikitable"
* '''ṫjejmewa''': where (<small>static location</small>)
|-
* '''ṫjejmeʈu''': where (<small>motion toward</small>)
| || <center>''<small>conjugation I</small>''</center> || <center>''<small>conjugation II</small>''</center>
* '''ṫjejmeno ''': why (<small>cause</small>)
|-
 
| style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>triliteral root</small>''</center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center>''<small>triliteral root</small>''</center>
These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns:
|-
 
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>'''jo'''CC'''e̥'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>'''jo'''CC'''o̥'''C'''u'''</center>
* '''ṫjejmewa weʡewa''': in which place (<small>static location</small>)
|-
* '''ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu''': in which place (<small>motion toward</small>)
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>'''ja'''CC'''e̥'''C'''u'''</center> || <center>'''jä'''CC'''o̥'''C'''u'''</center>
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>'''ja'''CC'''e̥'''C'''e'''</center> || <center>'''jä'''CC'''o̥'''C'''o'''</center>
|-
| ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>C'''ë'''C'''e̥'''C'''em'''</center> || <center>C'''ë'''C'''o̥'''C'''om'''</center>
|-
| ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>C'''ë'''C'''e̥'''C'''eš'''</center> || <center>C'''ë'''C'''o̥'''C'''oš'''</center>
|-
| ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>C'''ë'''C'''e̥'''C'''et'''</center> || <center>C'''ë'''C'''o̥'''C'''ot'''</center>
|}

Latest revision as of 02:22, 26 September 2025

Interrogative pronouns

Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots:

  • quality: ṫjejm-
  • quantity: sjowp-

When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix -e-. 

ṫjejm- → ṫjejm- + -e- → ṫjejme
interr. → what?, who?

When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix -i-. 

ṫjejm- → ṫjejm- + -i- → ṫjejmi
interr. → which?

As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun.

who? / what?
how much? / how many?
singular
plural
singular
plural
ergative
 ṫjejmek̇ə ṫjejmejk̇ə sjowpek̇ə sjowpejk̇ə
absolutive
 ṫjejme ṫjejmej sjowpe sjowpej
possessive
 ṫjejmeṗu ṫjejmejṗu sjowpeṗu sjowpejṗu
terminative
 ṫjejmeʈu ṫjejmejʈu sjowpeʈu sjowpejʈu
ablative
 ṫjejmeʡo ṫjejmejʡo sjowpeʡo sjowpejʡo
causative
 ṫjejmeno ṫjejmejno sjowpeno sjowpejno
benefactive
 ṫjejmepə ṫjejmejpə sjowpepə sjowpejpə
instrumental
 ṫjejmema ṫjejmejma sjowpema sjowpejma
locative
 ṫjejmewa ṫjejmejwa sjowpewa sjowpejwa

The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case:

  • ṫjejmewa: where (static location)
  • ṫjejmeʈu: where (motion toward)
  • ṫjejmeno : why (cause)

These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns:

  • ṫjejmewa weʡewa: in which place (static location)
  • ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu: in which place (motion toward)
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