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| ===Verbal conjugation=== | | ===Interrogative pronouns=== |
| Taking as an example the verbal root '''liːloṕ-''', meaning ''to see'', the different aspectual, temporal and modal forms of a Proto-Piti verb are shown.
| | Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots: |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | *<small>''quality'':</small> '''ṫjejm-''' |
| | || colspan="4" | <center>'''''<small>indicative mood</small>'''''</center>
| | *<small>''quantity'':</small> '''sjowp-''' |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>imperfective present</small>'''''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>perfective present</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕoɬ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕoɬ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕer'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕer'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕæt́'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕæt́'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''liːloṕiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''liːloṕoɬiʔ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''loliːṕiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''loliːṕoɬiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕeriʔ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕeriʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕæt́iʔ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæt́iʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕiʔ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕoɬon'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoɬon'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕoner'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕeron'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoner'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕeron'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕæt́on'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæt́on'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕon'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕon'''</center>
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix '''-e-'''. |
| | || colspan="4" | <center>'''''<small>indicative mood</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>imperfective past</small>'''''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>perfective past</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoɬ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoɬ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕer'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕer'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæt́'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæt́'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoɬiʔ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoɬiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕeriʔ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕeriʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæt́iʔ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæt́iʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiʔ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoɬon'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoɬon'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoner'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕeron'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoner'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕeron'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæt́on'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæt́on'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕon'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕon'''</center>
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | '''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-e-''' → '''ṫjejme''' |
| | || colspan="4" | <center>'''''<small>subjunctive mood</small>'''''</center>
| | <small>''interr.'' → ''what?, who?''</small> |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>imperfective present</small>'''''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>perfective present</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕiɳoɬ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕiɳoɬ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕiɳer'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕiɳer'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕiɳæt́'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕiɳæt́'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕiɳ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕiɳ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''liːloṕiɳiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''liːloṕiɳoɬiʔ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''loliːṕiɳiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''loliːṕiɳoɬiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕiɳiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕiɳeriʔ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiɳiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiɳeriʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕiɳiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕiɳæt́iʔ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiɳiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiɳæt́iʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕiɳiʔ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕiɳiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕiɳonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕiɳoɬon'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiɳonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiɳoɬon'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕiɳoner'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕiɳeron'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiɳoner'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiɳeron'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕiɳonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕiɳæt́on'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiɳonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiɳæt́on'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕiɳon'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕiɳon'''</center>
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix '''-i-'''. |
| | || colspan="4" | <center>'''''<small>subjunctive mood</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>imperfective past</small>'''''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>perfective past</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳoɬ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳoɬ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳer'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳer'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳæt́'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳæt́'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳoɬiʔ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳoɬiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳeriʔ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳeriʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳæt́iʔ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳæt́iʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳiʔ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳoɬon'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳoɬon'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳoner'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳeron'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳoner'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳeron'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳæt́on'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳæt́on'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳon'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳon'''</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| | || colspan="4" | <center>'''''<small>optative mood</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>imperfective present</small>'''''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>perfective present</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕoṕoɬ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕoṕoɬ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕoṕer'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕoṕer'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕoṕæt́'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕoṕæt́'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕoṕ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕoṕ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''liːloṕoṕiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''liːloṕoṕoɬiʔ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''loliːṕoṕiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''loliːṕoṕoɬiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕoṕiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕoṕeriʔ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoṕiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoṕeriʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕoṕiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕoṕæt́iʔ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoṕiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoṕæt́iʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕoṕiʔ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕoṕiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕoṕonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕoṕoɬon'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoṕonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoɬon'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕoṕoner'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕoṕeron'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoṕoner'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoṕeron'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕoṕonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕoṕæt́on'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoṕonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoṕæt́on'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕoṕon'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕoṕon'''</center>
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | '''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-i-''' → '''ṫjejmi''' |
| | || colspan="4" | <center>'''''<small>optative mood</small>'''''</center>
| | <small>''interr.'' → ''which?''</small> |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>imperfective past</small>'''''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>perfective past</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕoɬ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕoɬ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕer'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕer'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕæt́'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕæt́'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕoɬiʔ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕoɬiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕeriʔ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕeriʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕæt́iʔ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕæt́iʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕiʔ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕoɬon'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕoɬon'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕoner'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕeron'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕoner'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕeron'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕæt́on'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕæt́on'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕon'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕon'''</center>
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun. |
| | || colspan="4" | <center>'''''<small>potential mood</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>imperfective present</small>'''''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>perfective present</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕæʈoɬ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕæʈoɬ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕæʈer'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕæʈer'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕæʈæt́'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕæʈæt́'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕæʈ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕæʈ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''liːloṕæʈiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''liːloṕæʈoɬiʔ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''loliːṕæʈiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''loliːṕæʈoɬiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕæʈiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕæʈeriʔ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæʈiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæʈeriʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕiʔæʈæt́'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕæʈæt́iʔ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæʈiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæʈæt́iʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕæʈiʔ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕæʈiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕæʈonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕæʈoɬon'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæʈonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæʈoɬon'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕæʈoner'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕæʈeron'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæʈoner'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæʈeron'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕæʈonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕæʈæt́on'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæʈonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæʈæt́on'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕæʈon'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕæʈon'''</center>
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable" | | {|- |
| | || colspan="4" | <center>'''''<small>potential mood</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |- | |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>imperfective past</small>'''''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>perfective past</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈoɬ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈoɬ'''</center> | | | || colspan="2" | <center>''who? / what?''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''how much? / how many?''</center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈer'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈer'''</center> | | | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈæt́'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈæt́'''</center> | | | <center><small>''ergative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmek̇ə''' || '''ṫjejmejk̇ə''' || '''sjowpek̇ə''' || '''sjowpejk̇ə''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈ'''</center>
| | | <center><small>''absolutive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejme''' || '''ṫjejmej''' || '''sjowpe''' || '''sjowpej''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈoɬiʔ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈoɬiʔ'''</center> | | | <center><small>''possessive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeṗu''' || '''ṫjejmejṗu''' || '''sjowpeṗu''' || '''sjowpejṗu''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈeriʔ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈeriʔ'''</center> | | | <center><small>''terminative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʈu''' || '''ṫjejmejʈu''' || '''sjowpeʈu''' || '''sjowpejʈu''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈæt́iʔ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈæt́iʔ'''</center> | | | <center><small>''ablative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʡo''' || '''ṫjejmejʡo''' || '''sjowpeʡo''' || '''sjowpejʡo''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈiʔ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈiʔ'''</center>
| | | <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeno''' || '''ṫjejmejno''' || '''sjowpeno''' || '''sjowpejno''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈoɬon'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈoɬon'''</center> | | | <center><small>''benefactive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmepə''' || '''ṫjejmejpə''' || '''sjowpepə''' || '''sjowpejpə''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈoner'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈeron'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈoner'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈeron'''</center> | | | <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmema''' || '''ṫjejmejma''' || '''sjowpema''' || '''sjowpejma''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈæt́on'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈæt́on'''</center> | | | <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmewa''' || '''ṫjejmejwa''' || '''sjowpewa''' || '''sjowpejwa''' |
| |- | |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈon'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈon'''</center> | |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
|
| Le forme non verbali, dette anche forme indefinite, non coniugano secondo la persona, ma si declinano come le forme nominali. Dato che seguono la normale declinazione, questa non verrà fornita. Le forme infinitivali da intendersi come entità inattive.
| | The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case: |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | * '''ṫjejmewa''': where (<small>static location</small>) |
| | || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>infinitive<sub>1</sub></small>'''''</center>
| | * '''ṫjejmeʈu''': where (<small>motion toward</small>) |
| |-
| | * '''ṫjejmeno ''': why (<small>cause</small>) |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 280px;"| <center>'''''<small>imperfective</small>'''''</center> || style="width: 280px;"| <center>'''''<small>perfective </small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>present</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕæme'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæme'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>past</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæme'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæme'''</center>
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns: |
| | || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>infinitive<sub>2</sub></small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 280px;"| <center>'''''<small>imperfective</small>'''''</center> || style="width: 280px;"| <center>'''''<small>perfective </small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>present</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕika'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕika'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>past</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕika'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕika'''</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| | || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>active participle'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 280px;"| <center>'''''<small>imperfective</small>'''''</center> || style="width: 280px;"| <center>'''''<small>perfective </small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>present</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕiːto'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiːto'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>past</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiːto'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiːto'''</center>
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | * '''ṫjejmewa weʡewa''': in which place (<small>static location</small>) |
| | || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>active participle'''''</center>
| | * '''ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu''': in which place (<small>motion toward</small>) |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 280px;"| <center>'''''<small>imperfective</small>'''''</center> || style="width: 280px;"| <center>'''''<small>perfective </small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>present</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕuki'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕuki'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>past</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕuki'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕuki'''</center>
| |
| |}
| |
