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| ===Verbal conjugation=== | | ===Interrogative pronouns=== |
| Taking as an example the verbal root '''liːloṕ-''', meaning ''to see'', the different aspectual, temporal and modal forms of a Proto-Piti verb are shown.
| | Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots: |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | *<small>''quality'':</small> '''ṫjejm-''' |
| | || colspan="4" | <center>'''''<small>indicative mood</small>'''''</center>
| | *<small>''quantity'':</small> '''sjowp-''' |
| |-
| | |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>imperfective present</small>'''''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>perfective present</small>'''''</center>
| | When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix '''-e-'''. |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕoɬ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕoɬ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕer'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕer'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕæt́'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕæt́'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''liːloṕiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''liːloṕoɬiʔ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''loliːṕiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''loliːṕoɬiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕeriʔ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕeriʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕæt́iʔ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæt́iʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕiʔ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕoɬon'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoɬon'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕoner'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕeron'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoner'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕeron'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕæt́on'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæt́on'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕon'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕon'''</center>
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | '''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-e-''' → '''ṫjejme''' |
| | || colspan="4" | <center>'''''<small>indicative mood</small>'''''</center>
| | <small>''interr.'' → ''what?, who?''</small> |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>imperfective past</small>'''''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>perfective past</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoɬ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoɬ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕer'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕer'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæt́'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæt́'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoɬiʔ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoɬiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕeriʔ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕeriʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæt́iʔ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæt́iʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiʔ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoɬon'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoɬon'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoner'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕeron'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoner'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕeron'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæt́on'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæt́on'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕon'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕon'''</center>
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix '''-i-'''. |
| | || colspan="4" | <center>'''''<small>subjunctive mood</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>imperfective present</small>'''''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>perfective present</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕiɳoɬ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕiɳoɬ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕiɳer'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕiɳer'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕiɳæt́'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕiɳæt́'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕiɳ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕiɳ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''liːloṕiɳiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''liːloṕiɳoɬiʔ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''loliːṕiɳiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''loliːṕiɳoɬiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕiɳiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕiɳeriʔ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiɳiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiɳeriʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕiɳiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕiɳæt́iʔ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiɳiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiɳæt́iʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕiɳiʔ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕiɳiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕiɳonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕiɳoɬon'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiɳonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiɳoɬon'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕiɳoner'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕiɳeron'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiɳoner'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiɳeron'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕiɳonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕiɳæt́on'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiɳonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕiɳæt́on'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕiɳon'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕiɳon'''</center>
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | '''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-i-''' → '''ṫjejmi''' |
| | || colspan="4" | <center>'''''<small>subjunctive mood</small>'''''</center>
| | <small>''interr.'' → ''which?''</small> |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>imperfective past</small>'''''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>perfective past</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳoɬ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳoɬ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳer'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳer'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳæt́'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳæt́'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳoɬiʔ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳoɬiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳeriʔ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳeriʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳæt́iʔ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳæt́iʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳiʔ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳoɬon'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳoɬon'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳoner'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳeron'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳoner'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳeron'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳæt́on'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳæt́on'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕiɳon'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕiɳon'''</center>
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun. |
| | || colspan="4" | <center>'''''<small>optative mood</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>imperfective present</small>'''''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>perfective present</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕoṕoɬ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕoṕoɬ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕoṕer'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕoṕer'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕoṕæt́'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕoṕæt́'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕoṕ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕoṕ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''liːloṕoṕiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''liːloṕoṕoɬiʔ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''loliːṕoṕiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''loliːṕoṕoɬiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕoṕiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕoṕeriʔ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoṕiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoṕeriʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕoṕiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕoṕæt́iʔ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoṕiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoṕæt́iʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕoṕiʔ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕoṕiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕoṕonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕoṕoɬon'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoṕonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoɬon'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕoṕoner'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕoṕeron'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoṕoner'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoṕeron'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕoṕonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕoṕæt́on'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoṕonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕoṕæt́on'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕoṕon'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕoṕon'''</center>
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable" | | {|- |
| | || colspan="4" | <center>'''''<small>optative mood</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>imperfective past</small>'''''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>perfective past</small>'''''</center>
| | | || colspan="2" | <center>''who? / what?''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''how much? / how many?''</center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕoɬ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕoɬ'''</center> | | | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕer'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕer'''</center> | | | <center><small>''ergative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmek̇ə''' || '''ṫjejmejk̇ə''' || '''sjowpek̇ə''' || '''sjowpejk̇ə''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕæt́'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕæt́'''</center> | | | <center><small>''absolutive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejme''' || '''ṫjejmej''' || '''sjowpe''' || '''sjowpej''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕ'''</center>
| | | <center><small>''possessive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeṗu''' || '''ṫjejmejṗu''' || '''sjowpeṗu''' || '''sjowpejṗu''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕoɬiʔ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕoɬiʔ'''</center> | | | <center><small>''terminative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʈu''' || '''ṫjejmejʈu''' || '''sjowpeʈu''' || '''sjowpejʈu''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕeriʔ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕeriʔ'''</center> | | | <center><small>''ablative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʡo''' || '''ṫjejmejʡo''' || '''sjowpeʡo''' || '''sjowpejʡo''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕæt́iʔ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕæt́iʔ'''</center> | | | <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeno''' || '''ṫjejmejno''' || '''sjowpeno''' || '''sjowpejno''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕiʔ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕiʔ'''</center>
| | | <center><small>''benefactive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmepə''' || '''ṫjejmejpə''' || '''sjowpepə''' || '''sjowpejpə''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕoɬon'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕoɬon'''</center> | | | <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmema''' || '''ṫjejmejma''' || '''sjowpema''' || '''sjowpejma''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕoner'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕeron'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕoner'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕeron'''</center> | | | <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmewa''' || '''ṫjejmejwa''' || '''sjowpewa''' || '''sjowpejwa''' |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕæt́on'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕæt́on'''</center>
| |
| |- | |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕoṕon'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕoṕon'''</center> | |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case: |
| | || colspan="4" | <center>'''''<small>potential mood</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>imperfective present</small>'''''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>perfective present</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕæʈoɬ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕæʈoɬ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕæʈer'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕæʈer'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕæʈæt́'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕæʈæt́'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕæʈ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕæʈ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''liːloṕæʈiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''liːloṕæʈoɬiʔ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''loliːṕæʈiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''loliːṕæʈoɬiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕæʈiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕæʈeriʔ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæʈiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæʈeriʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕiʔæʈæt́'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕæʈæt́iʔ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæʈiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæʈæt́iʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕæʈiʔ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕæʈiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕæʈonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕæʈoɬon'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæʈonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæʈoɬon'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕæʈoner'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕæʈeron'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæʈoner'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæʈeron'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕæʈonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''liːloṕæʈæt́on'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæʈonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæʈæt́on'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''liːloṕæʈon'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''loliːṕæʈon'''</center>
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | * '''ṫjejmewa''': where (<small>static location</small>) |
| | || colspan="4" | <center>'''''<small>potential mood</small>'''''</center>
| | * '''ṫjejmeʈu''': where (<small>motion toward</small>) |
| |-
| | * '''ṫjejmeno ''': why (<small>cause</small>) |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>imperfective past</small>'''''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>perfective past</small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈoɬ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈoɬ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈer'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈer'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈæt́'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈæt́'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈoɬiʔ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈiʔoɬ'''</center> || style="width: 140px;"| <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈoɬiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈeriʔ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈiʔer'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈeriʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈæt́iʔ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈiʔæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈæt́iʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈiʔ'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈiʔ'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈoɬon'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈonoɬ'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈoɬon'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈoner'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈeron'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈoner'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈeron'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="2" | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> dual</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈæt́on'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈonæt́'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈæt́on'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæʈon'''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæʈon'''</center>
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| Le forme non verbali, dette anche forme indefinite, non coniugano secondo la persona, ma si declinano come le forme nominali. Dato che seguono la normale declinazione, questa non verrà fornita. Le forme infinitivali da intendersi come entità inattive.
| | These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns: |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | * '''ṫjejmewa weʡewa''': in which place (<small>static location</small>) |
| | || colspan="2" | <center>'''''<small>infinitive<sub>1</sub></small>'''''</center>
| | * '''ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu''': in which place (<small>motion toward</small>) |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 280px;"| <center>'''''<small>imperfective</small>'''''</center> || style="width: 280px;"| <center>'''''<small>perfective </small>'''''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>present</small>'' || <center>'''liːloṕæme'''</center> || <center>'''loliːṕæme'''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>past</small>'' || <center>'''ʔaliːloṕæme'''</center> || <center>'''ʔaloliːṕæme'''</center>
| |
| |}
| |
