User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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==Adjectives==
===Interrogative pronouns===
Attributive adjectives are always placed '''before''' the nouns they specify, while predicative adjectives are always placed ''after'' them.
Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots:


muk tɬʼīx
*<small>''quality'':</small> '''ṫjejm-'''
<small>(the) young man</small>
*<small>''quantity'':</small> '''sjowp-'''


tɬʼīx muk sūɣ
When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix '''-e-'''.
<small>(the) man is young</small>


All adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify, being declined with endings, which are only partially similar to the nominal declension endings.
'''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-e-''' → '''ṫjejme'''
<small>''interr.'' → ''what?, who?''</small>


mukət tɬʼīxuɟ žur tɬʼūβəg βəʂðət tɬʼūβuriʈ ʈīɣ
When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix '''-i-'''.
<small>the young man’s new house is located in the nearby village</small>


====Declension of qualifying adjectives====
'''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-i-''' → '''ṫjejmi'''
Adjectives are declined in case according to a declension system which is only partially similar to the nominal one, display a smaller set of endings in the oblique cases.
<small>''interr.'' → ''which?''</small> 


Both attributive and predicative adjectives are declined by adding the following endings to the base form of the noun:
As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun.


{|-
{|-
| || <center><small>consonantal<br>class</small></center> || <center><small>vocalic<br>class</small></center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''nominative''</small></center> || style="width: 60px;"| - || -
| || colspan="2" | <center>''who? / what?''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''how much? / how many?''</center>
|-
|-
| <center><small>''accusative''</small></center> || -ɴ / əɴ || -ɴ
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
|-
|-
| <center><small>''gen.-dat.''</small></center> || -t / ət || -t
| <center><small>''ergative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmek̇ə''' || '''ṫjejmejk̇ə''' || '''sjowpek̇ə''' || '''sjowpejk̇ə'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || -t / ət || -t
| <center><small>''absolutive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejme''' || '''ṫjejmej''' || '''sjowpe''' || '''sjowpej'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || -t / ət || -t
| <center><small>''possessive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeṗu''' || '''ṫjejmejṗu''' || '''sjowpeṗu''' || '''sjowpejṗu'''
|}
 
Le forme del plurale vengono costruite secondo le regole dei sostantivi. Come si può notare i casi obliqui presentando una sostanziale uniformità di desinenze, presentando l’unica desinenza -t. La distinzione di caso viene effettivamente affidata al solo sostantivo.
 
Example: attributive adjective xrām, ''big'', and the noun tɬūβ, ''house''.
 
{|-
|-
| || colspan="2" | <center>xrām tɬūβ</center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 120px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 120px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
| <center><small>''terminative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʈu''' || '''ṫjejmejʈu''' || '''sjowpeʈu''' || '''sjowpejʈu'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''nominative''</small></center> || xrām tɬūβ || xrāma tɬūβu
| <center><small>''ablative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʡo''' || '''ṫjejmejʡo''' || '''sjowpeʡo''' || '''sjowpejʡo'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''accusative''</small></center> || xrāmɴ tɬūβɴ || xrāmaɴ tɬūβuɴ
| <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeno''' || '''ṫjejmejno''' || '''sjowpeno''' || '''sjowpejno'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''gen.-dat.''</small></center> || xrāmt tɬūβuɟ || xrāmat tɬūβuɟ
| <center><small>''benefactive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmepə''' || '''ṫjejmejpə''' || '''sjowpepə''' || '''sjowpejpə'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || xrāmt tɬūβiq || xrāmat tɬūβuq
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmema''' || '''ṫjejmejma''' || '''sjowpema''' || '''sjowpejma'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || xrāmt tɬūβaʈ || xrāmat tɬūβuʈ
| <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmewa''' || '''ṫjejmejwa''' || '''sjowpewa''' || '''sjowpejwa'''
|}
|}
The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case:
* '''ṫjejmewa''': where (<small>static location</small>)
* '''ṫjejmeʈu''': where (<small>motion toward</small>)
* '''ṫjejmeno ''': why (<small>cause</small>)
These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns:
* '''ṫjejmewa weʡewa''': in which place (<small>static location</small>)
* '''ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu''': in which place (<small>motion toward</small>)

Latest revision as of 02:22, 26 September 2025

Interrogative pronouns

Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots:

  • quality: ṫjejm-
  • quantity: sjowp-

When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix -e-. 

ṫjejm- → ṫjejm- + -e- → ṫjejme
interr. → what?, who?

When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix -i-. 

ṫjejm- → ṫjejm- + -i- → ṫjejmi
interr. → which?

As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun.

who? / what?
how much? / how many?
singular
plural
singular
plural
ergative
 ṫjejmek̇ə ṫjejmejk̇ə sjowpek̇ə sjowpejk̇ə
absolutive
 ṫjejme ṫjejmej sjowpe sjowpej
possessive
 ṫjejmeṗu ṫjejmejṗu sjowpeṗu sjowpejṗu
terminative
 ṫjejmeʈu ṫjejmejʈu sjowpeʈu sjowpejʈu
ablative
 ṫjejmeʡo ṫjejmejʡo sjowpeʡo sjowpejʡo
causative
 ṫjejmeno ṫjejmejno sjowpeno sjowpejno
benefactive
 ṫjejmepə ṫjejmejpə sjowpepə sjowpejpə
instrumental
 ṫjejmema ṫjejmejma sjowpema sjowpejma
locative
 ṫjejmewa ṫjejmejwa sjowpewa sjowpejwa

The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case:

  • ṫjejmewa: where (static location)
  • ṫjejmeʈu: where (motion toward)
  • ṫjejmeno : why (cause)

These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns:

  • ṫjejmewa weʡewa: in which place (static location)
  • ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu: in which place (motion toward)
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