User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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==The adjective==
===Interrogative pronouns===
As already mentioned, the word root has a '''''(C)VC''''' structure. When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix '''-i-'''.
Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots:


'''ʂojɽ-''' → '''ʂojɽ-''' + '''-i-''' → '''ʂojɽi'''
*<small>''quality'':</small> '''ṫjejm-'''
<small>''narrowness'' → ''narrow''</small>
*<small>''quantity'':</small> '''sjowp-'''


There are, however, many other suffixes and prefixes that can expand the root, especially when the root has a clear noun role and it is not expanded by the main adjectival suffix.
When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix '''-e-'''.


  '''ṫiʡ-''' → '''ṫiʡ-''' + '''-ri-''' → '''ṫiʡri'''
  '''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-e-''' → '''ṫjejme'''
  <small>''human'' → ''human''</small>  
  <small>''interr.'' → ''what?, who?''</small>  


All adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify, being declined with the nominal endings.  
When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix '''-i-'''.


====Declension of qualifying adjectives====
'''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-i-''' → '''ṫjejmi'''
Examples: '''səjmi''', ''young'', and '''nupʰi''', ''new'', with a semantically animate noun, '''rome''', ''father'', and a semantically inanimate noun, '''tojme''', ''house''.
<small>''interr.'' → ''which?''</small> 
 
As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun.


{|-
{|-
|-
|-
| || colspan="2" | <center>'''symi rome'''</center>
| || colspan="2" | <center>''who? / what?''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''how much? / how many?''</center>
|-
|-
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 140px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 140px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>  
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>  
|-
|-
| <center><small>''ergative''</small></center> || '''symi rome''' || '''symij romej'''
| <center><small>''ergative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmek̇ə''' || '''ṫjejmejk̇ə''' || '''sjowpek̇ə''' || '''sjowpejk̇ə'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''absolutive''</small></center> || '''symi rome''' || '''symij romej'''
| <center><small>''absolutive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejme''' || '''ṫjejmej''' || '''sjowpe''' || '''sjowpej'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''possessive''</small></center> || '''symi rome''' || '''symij romej'''
| <center><small>''possessive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeṗu''' || '''ṫjejmejṗu''' || '''sjowpeṗu''' || '''sjowpejṗu'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''terminative''</small></center> || '''symi rome''' || '''symij romej'''
| <center><small>''terminative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʈu''' || '''ṫjejmejʈu''' || '''sjowpeʈu''' || '''sjowpejʈu'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''ablative''</small></center> || '''symi rome''' || '''symij romej'''
| <center><small>''ablative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʡo''' || '''ṫjejmejʡo''' || '''sjowpeʡo''' || '''sjowpejʡo'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || '''symi rome''' || '''symij romej'''
| <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeno''' || '''ṫjejmejno''' || '''sjowpeno''' || '''sjowpejno'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''benefactive''</small></center> || '''symi rome''' || '''symij romej'''
| <center><small>''benefactive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmepə''' || '''ṫjejmejpə''' || '''sjowpepə''' || '''sjowpejpə'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || '''-''' || '''-'''
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmema''' || '''ṫjejmejma''' || '''sjowpema''' || '''sjowpejma'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || '''-''' || '''-'''
| <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmewa''' || '''ṫjejmejwa''' || '''sjowpewa''' || '''sjowpejwa'''
|}
|}


{|-
The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case:
|-
 
| || colspan="2" | <center>'''nupʰi tojme'''</center>
* '''ṫjejmewa''': where (<small>static location</small>)
|-
* '''ṫjejmeʈu''': where (<small>motion toward</small>)
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 140px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 140px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
* '''ṫjejmeno ''': why (<small>cause</small>)
|-
 
| <center><small>''ergative''</small></center>  || '''-''' || '''-'''
These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns:
|-
 
| <center><small>''absolutive''</small></center>  || '''nupʰi tojme''' || '''nupʰij tojmej'''
* '''ṫjejmewa weʡewa''': in which place (<small>static location</small>)
|-
* '''ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu''': in which place (<small>motion toward</small>)
| <center><small>''possessive''</small></center>  || '''nupʰi tojme''' || '''nupʰij tojmej'''
|-
| <center><small>''terminative''</small></center>  || '''nupʰi tojme''' || '''nupʰij tojmej'''
|-
| <center><small>''ablative''</small></center>  || '''nupʰi tojme''' || '''nupʰij tojmej'''
|-
| <center><small>''causative''</small></center>  || '''nupʰi tojme''' || '''nupʰij tojmej'''
|-
| <center><small>''benefactive''</small></center>  || '''nupʰi tojme''' || '''nupʰij tojmej'''
|-
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center>  || '''nupʰi tojme''' || '''nupʰij tojmej'''
|-
| <center><small>''locative''</small></center>  || '''nupʰi tojme''' || ''''nupʰij tojmej'''
|}

Latest revision as of 02:22, 26 September 2025

Interrogative pronouns

Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots:

  • quality: ṫjejm-
  • quantity: sjowp-

When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix -e-. 

ṫjejm- → ṫjejm- + -e- → ṫjejme
interr. → what?, who?

When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix -i-. 

ṫjejm- → ṫjejm- + -i- → ṫjejmi
interr. → which?

As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun.

who? / what?
how much? / how many?
singular
plural
singular
plural
ergative
 ṫjejmek̇ə ṫjejmejk̇ə sjowpek̇ə sjowpejk̇ə
absolutive
 ṫjejme ṫjejmej sjowpe sjowpej
possessive
 ṫjejmeṗu ṫjejmejṗu sjowpeṗu sjowpejṗu
terminative
 ṫjejmeʈu ṫjejmejʈu sjowpeʈu sjowpejʈu
ablative
 ṫjejmeʡo ṫjejmejʡo sjowpeʡo sjowpejʡo
causative
 ṫjejmeno ṫjejmejno sjowpeno sjowpejno
benefactive
 ṫjejmepə ṫjejmejpə sjowpepə sjowpejpə
instrumental
 ṫjejmema ṫjejmejma sjowpema sjowpejma
locative
 ṫjejmewa ṫjejmejwa sjowpewa sjowpejwa

The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case:

  • ṫjejmewa: where (static location)
  • ṫjejmeʈu: where (motion toward)
  • ṫjejmeno : why (cause)

These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns:

  • ṫjejmewa weʡewa: in which place (static location)
  • ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu: in which place (motion toward)
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