User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
No edit summary
 
Line 1: Line 1:
==The adjective==
===Interrogative pronouns===
As already mentioned, the word root has a '''''(C)VC''''' structure. When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix '''-i-'''.
Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots:


'''ʂojɽ-''' → '''ʂojɽ-''' + '''-i-''' → '''ʂojɽi'''
*<small>''quality'':</small> '''ṫjejm-'''
<small>''narrowness'' → ''narrow''</small>
*<small>''quantity'':</small> '''sjowp-'''


There are, however, many other suffixes and prefixes that can expand the root, especially when the root has a clear noun role and it is not expanded by the main adjectival suffix.
When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix '''-e-'''.


  '''ṫiʡ-''' → '''ṫiʡ-''' + '''-ri-''' → '''ṫiʡri'''
  '''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-e-''' → '''ṫjejme'''
  <small>''human'' → ''human''</small>  
  <small>''interr.'' → ''what?, who?''</small>  


All adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify, being declined with the nominal endings.  
When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix '''-i-'''.


====Declension of qualifying adjectives====
'''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-i-''' → '''ṫjejmi'''
Examples: kiibe, ''young'', and sampo, ''new'', with a semantically animate noun with a front leading vowel, llærme, ''father'', and a semantically inanimate noun with a back leading vowel, kooto, ''house''.
<small>''interr.'' → ''which?''</small> 
 
As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun.


{|-
{|-
| || colspan="2" | <center>kiibe llærme</center>
|-
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 220px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center>  || style="width: 220px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
|-
| <center><small>''nominative''</small></center> || kiibe llærme || kiibeže llærmeže
|-
| <center><small>''accusative''</small></center> || kiibene llærmene || kiibežene llærmežene
|-
| <center><small>''genitive''</small></center> || kiiberræ llærmerræ || kiibežerræ llærmežerræ
|-
| <center><small>''dative''</small></center> || kiibehee llærmehee || kiibežehee llærmežehee
|-
| <center><small>''ablative''</small></center> || kiibeśi llærmeśi || kiibežeśi llærmežeśi
|-
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || kiibeddee llærmeddee || kiibežeddee llærmežeddee
|-
|-
| <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || kiibemi llærmemi || kiibežemi llærmežemi
| || colspan="2" | <center>''who? / what?''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''how much? / how many?''</center>
|-
|-
| <center><small>''allative''</small></center> || kiibeme llærmeme || kiibežeme llærmežeme
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
|-
|-
| <center><small>''delative''</small></center> || kiibemæ llærmemæ || kiibežemæ llærmežemæ
| <center><small>''ergative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmek̇ə''' || '''ṫjejmejk̇ə''' || '''sjowpek̇ə''' || '''sjowpejk̇ə'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''benefactive''</small></center> || kiibegæ llærmegæ || kiibežegæ llærmežegæ
| <center><small>''absolutive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejme''' || '''ṫjejmej''' || '''sjowpe''' || '''sjowpej'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || kiibebbii llærmebbii || kiibežebbii llærmežebbii
| <center><small>''possessive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeṗu''' || '''ṫjejmejṗu''' || '''sjowpeṗu''' || '''sjowpejṗu'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''abessive''</small></center> || kiibejje llærmejje || kiibežejje llærmežejje
| <center><small>''terminative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʈu''' || '''ṫjejmejʈu''' || '''sjowpeʈu''' || '''sjowpejʈu'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''essive''</small></center> || kiibewææ llærmewææ || kiibežewææ llærmežewææ
| <center><small>''ablative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʡo''' || '''ṫjejmejʡo''' || '''sjowpeʡo''' || '''sjowpejʡo'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''comparative''</small></center> || kiibehhæ llærmehhæ || kiibežehhæ llærmežehhæ
| <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeno''' || '''ṫjejmejno''' || '''sjowpeno''' || '''sjowpejno'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''contrastive''</small></center> || kiibekkæ llærmekkæ || kiibežekkæ llærmežekkæ
| <center><small>''benefactive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmepə''' || '''ṫjejmejpə''' || '''sjowpepə''' || '''sjowpejpə'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''partitive''</small></center> || kiibeppii llærmeppii || kiibežeppii llærmežeppii
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmema''' || '''ṫjejmejma''' || '''sjowpema''' || '''sjowpejma'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmewa''' || '''ṫjejmejwa''' || '''sjowpewa''' || '''sjowpejwa'''
|}
|}


{|-
The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case:
| || colspan="2" | <center>sampo kooto</center>
 
|-
* '''ṫjejmewa''': where (<small>static location</small>)
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 220px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center>  || style="width: 220px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
* '''ṫjejmeʈu''': where (<small>motion toward</small>)
|-
* '''ṫjejmeno ''': why (<small>cause</small>)
| <center><small>''nominative''</small></center> || sampo kooto || sampohuu kootohuu
 
|-
These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns:
| <center><small>''accusative''</small></center> || sampono kootono || sampohuuno kootohuuno
 
|-
* '''ṫjejmewa weʡewa''': in which place (<small>static location</small>)
| <center><small>''genitive''</small></center> || samporra kootorra || sampohuurra kootohuurra
* '''ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu''': in which place (<small>motion toward</small>)
|-
| <center><small>''dative''</small></center> || sampohoo kootohoo || sampohuuhoo kootohuuhoo
|-
| <center><small>''ablative''</small></center> || sampośu kootośu || sampohuuśu kootohuuśu
|-
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || sampoddoo kootoddoo || sampohuuddoo kootohuuddoo
|-
| <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || sampomu kootomu || sampohuumu kootohuumu
|-
| <center><small>''allative''</small></center> || sampomo kootomo || sampohuumo kootohuumo
|-
| <center><small>''delative''</small></center> || sampoma kootoma || sampohuuma kootohuuma
|-
| <center><small>''benefactive''</small></center> || sampoga kootoga || sampohuuga kootohuuga
|-
| <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || sampobbuu kootobbuu || sampohuubbuu kootohuubbuu
|-
| <center><small>''abessive''</small></center> || sampojjo kootojjo || sampohuujjo kootohuujjo
|-
| <center><small>''essive''</small></center> || sampowaa kootowaa || sampohuuwaa kootohuuwaa
|-
| <center><small>''comparative''</small></center> || sampohha kootohha || sampohuuhha kootohuuhha
|-
| <center><small>''contrastive''</small></center> || sampokka kootokka || sampohuukka kootohuukka
|-
| <center><small>''partitive''</small></center> || sampoppuu kootoppuu || sampohuuppuu kootohuuppuu
|-
|}

Latest revision as of 02:22, 26 September 2025

Interrogative pronouns

Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots:

  • quality: ṫjejm-
  • quantity: sjowp-

When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix -e-. 

ṫjejm- → ṫjejm- + -e- → ṫjejme
interr. → what?, who?

When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix -i-. 

ṫjejm- → ṫjejm- + -i- → ṫjejmi
interr. → which?

As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun.

who? / what?
how much? / how many?
singular
plural
singular
plural
ergative
 ṫjejmek̇ə ṫjejmejk̇ə sjowpek̇ə sjowpejk̇ə
absolutive
 ṫjejme ṫjejmej sjowpe sjowpej
possessive
 ṫjejmeṗu ṫjejmejṗu sjowpeṗu sjowpejṗu
terminative
 ṫjejmeʈu ṫjejmejʈu sjowpeʈu sjowpejʈu
ablative
 ṫjejmeʡo ṫjejmejʡo sjowpeʡo sjowpejʡo
causative
 ṫjejmeno ṫjejmejno sjowpeno sjowpejno
benefactive
 ṫjejmepə ṫjejmejpə sjowpepə sjowpejpə
instrumental
 ṫjejmema ṫjejmejma sjowpema sjowpejma
locative
 ṫjejmewa ṫjejmejwa sjowpewa sjowpejwa

The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case:

  • ṫjejmewa: where (static location)
  • ṫjejmeʈu: where (motion toward)
  • ṫjejmeno : why (cause)

These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns:

  • ṫjejmewa weʡewa: in which place (static location)
  • ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu: in which place (motion toward)
Retrieved from "http://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII&oldid=175196"