User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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==Adjectives and pronouns==
===Interrogative pronouns===
Adjectives closely resemble the noun form, usually showing the same exceptions of nouns, but differing in their last vowel. Pronouns, instead, may exhibit different forms in the root form.
Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots:
===Adjectives===
Attributive adjectives are always placed '''before''' the nouns they specify, while predicative adjectives are always placed ''after'' them or before the verb.


sẽh ǧɛ̃h
*<small>''quality'':</small> '''ṫjejm-'''
<small>the young man</small>
*<small>''quantity'':</small> '''sjowp-'''


ǧɛ̃h sẽh imo
When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix '''-e-'''.
<small>the man is young</small>


All adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify, being declined with the nominal endings. They thus display a complete declension set, not belonging inherently to one of the two classes.
'''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-e-''' → '''ṫjejme'''
<small>''interr.'' → ''what?, who?''</small>


nubih tõh sẽβ ǧɛ̃β gɛ šɔʔ tõča foro
When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix '''-i-'''.
<small>the young man’s new house is located in the nearby village</small>


====Declension of qualifying adjectives====
'''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-i-''' → '''ṫjejmi'''
Adjectival declension follow the same rules as the nominal declension, with the same exceptions.  
<small>''interr.'' → ''which?''</small> 


All adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify, being declined with the nominal endings. They thus display a complete declension set, not belonging inherently to one of the two classes.
As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun.
 
Examples: sēmix, ''young'', and nubix, ''new'', with a class I noun, romex, ''father'', and a class II noun, tōmex, ''house''.


{|-
{|-
|-
|-
| || colspan="2" | <center>sēmix romex</center>
| || colspan="2" | <center>''who? / what?''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''how much? / how many?''</center>
|-
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 140px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 140px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
|-
| <center><small>''nominative''</small></center> || sēmix romex || sēmīx romēx
|-
| <center><small>''accusative''</small></center>  || sēmi rome || sēmī romē
|-
| <center><small>''genitive''</small></center>  || sēmifu romefu || sēmīfu romēfu
|-
|-
| <center><small>''dative''</small></center> || sēmišu romešu || sēmīšu romēšu
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
|-
|-
| <center><small>''ablative''</small></center> || sēmiho romeho || sēmīho romēho
| <center><small>''ergative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmek̇ə''' || '''ṫjejmejk̇ə''' || '''sjowpek̇ə''' || '''sjowpejk̇ə'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || - || -
| <center><small>''absolutive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejme''' || '''ṫjejmej''' || '''sjowpe''' || '''sjowpej'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || - || -
| <center><small>''possessive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeṗu''' || '''ṫjejmejṗu''' || '''sjowpeṗu''' || '''sjowpejṗu'''
|}
 
{|-
|-
|-
| || colspan="2" | <center>nubix tōmex</center>
| <center><small>''terminative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʈu''' || '''ṫjejmejʈu''' || '''sjowpeʈu''' || '''sjowpejʈu'''
|-
|-
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 140px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 140px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
| <center><small>''ablative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʡo''' || '''ṫjejmejʡo''' || '''sjowpeʡo''' || '''sjowpejʡo'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''nominative''</small></center> || nubix tōmex || nubīx tōmēx
| <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeno''' || '''ṫjejmejno''' || '''sjowpeno''' || '''sjowpejno'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''accusative''</small></center> || nubi tōme || nubī tōmē
| <center><small>''benefactive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmepə''' || '''ṫjejmejpə''' || '''sjowpepə''' || '''sjowpejpə'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''genitive''</small></center> || nubifu tōmefu || nubīfu tōmēfu
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmema''' || '''ṫjejmejma''' || '''sjowpema''' || '''sjowpejma'''
|-
|-
| <center><small>''dative''</small></center> || nubišu tōmešu || nubīšu tōmēšu
| <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmewa''' || '''ṫjejmejwa''' || '''sjowpewa''' || '''sjowpejwa'''
|-
| <center><small>''ablative''</small></center>  || nubiho tōmeho || nubīho tōmēho
|-
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center>  || nubima tōmema || nubīma tōmēma
|-
| <center><small>''locative''</small></center>  || nubiva tōmeva || nubīva tōmēva
|}
|}
The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case:
* '''ṫjejmewa''': where (<small>static location</small>)
* '''ṫjejmeʈu''': where (<small>motion toward</small>)
* '''ṫjejmeno ''': why (<small>cause</small>)
These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns:
* '''ṫjejmewa weʡewa''': in which place (<small>static location</small>)
* '''ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu''': in which place (<small>motion toward</small>)

Latest revision as of 02:22, 26 September 2025

Interrogative pronouns

Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots:

  • quality: ṫjejm-
  • quantity: sjowp-

When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix -e-. 

ṫjejm- → ṫjejm- + -e- → ṫjejme
interr. → what?, who?

When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix -i-. 

ṫjejm- → ṫjejm- + -i- → ṫjejmi
interr. → which?

As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun.

who? / what?
how much? / how many?
singular
plural
singular
plural
ergative
 ṫjejmek̇ə ṫjejmejk̇ə sjowpek̇ə sjowpejk̇ə
absolutive
 ṫjejme ṫjejmej sjowpe sjowpej
possessive
 ṫjejmeṗu ṫjejmejṗu sjowpeṗu sjowpejṗu
terminative
 ṫjejmeʈu ṫjejmejʈu sjowpeʈu sjowpejʈu
ablative
 ṫjejmeʡo ṫjejmejʡo sjowpeʡo sjowpejʡo
causative
 ṫjejmeno ṫjejmejno sjowpeno sjowpejno
benefactive
 ṫjejmepə ṫjejmejpə sjowpepə sjowpejpə
instrumental
 ṫjejmema ṫjejmejma sjowpema sjowpejma
locative
 ṫjejmewa ṫjejmejwa sjowpewa sjowpejwa

The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case:

  • ṫjejmewa: where (static location)
  • ṫjejmeʈu: where (motion toward)
  • ṫjejmeno : why (cause)

These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns:

  • ṫjejmewa weʡewa: in which place (static location)
  • ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu: in which place (motion toward)
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