User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions

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===Fractional numerals===
===Interrogative pronouns===
Fractional numerals are formed by adding the derivative ending '''-ŋuː''' to the cardinal numeral form, with the exceptions of the numeral ''one'':
Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots:
'''χaʂæ''' → '''χaʂæŋuː'''
<small>seven → seventh</small>


If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:
*<small>''quality'':</small> '''ṫjejm-'''
*''25<sup>th</sup>'': '''ʔakirepʰeːʔo ṕaːŋeŋuː'''
*<small>''quantity'':</small> '''sjowp-'''


There is, however, one irregular suppletive form:
When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix '''-e-'''.


{|-
'''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-e-''' → '''ṫjejme'''
| style="width: 40px;"| <center>''half'':</center> || '''ḱuːpho'''
<small>''interr.'' → ''what?, who?''</small>
|-
|}


===Distributive numerals===
When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix '''-i-'''.
Distributive numerals can be formed:


*by adding the adjectival ending '''-jeː''' to the cardinal numeral form:
'''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-i-''' → '''ṫjejmi'''
  <small>''interr.'' → ''which?''</small>
'''mikoː''' → '''mikoːjeː'''
  <small>three → three each</small>


*by adding the comparative ending '''-rejeː''' to the cardinal numeral form:
As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun.
'''ʈoːju''' → '''ʈoːjurejeː'''
<small>nine → nine each</small>


If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:
{|-
*''25'': '''ʔakirepʰeːʔo ṕaːŋejeː'''
|-
 
| || colspan="2" | <center>''who? / what?''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''how much? / how many?''</center>
===Multiplier numerals===
|-
Multiplier numerals can be formed:
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
|-
| <center><small>''ergative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmek̇ə''' || '''ṫjejmejk̇ə''' || '''sjowpek̇ə''' || '''sjowpejk̇ə'''
|-
| <center><small>''absolutive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejme''' || '''ṫjejmej''' || '''sjowpe''' || '''sjowpej'''
|-
| <center><small>''possessive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeṗu''' || '''ṫjejmejṗu''' || '''sjowpeṗu''' || '''sjowpejṗu'''
|-
| <center><small>''terminative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʈu''' || '''ṫjejmejʈu''' || '''sjowpeʈu''' || '''sjowpejʈu'''
|-
| <center><small>''ablative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʡo''' || '''ṫjejmejʡo''' || '''sjowpeʡo''' || '''sjowpejʡo'''
|-
| <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeno''' || '''ṫjejmejno''' || '''sjowpeno''' || '''sjowpejno'''
|-
| <center><small>''benefactive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmepə''' || '''ṫjejmejpə''' || '''sjowpepə''' || '''sjowpejpə'''
|-
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmema''' || '''ṫjejmejma''' || '''sjowpema''' || '''sjowpejma'''
|-
| <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmewa''' || '''ṫjejmejwa''' || '''sjowpewa''' || '''sjowpejwa'''
|}


*by adding the adjectival ending '''-re''' to the cardinal numeral form:
The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case:
'''ʂaːʔo''' → '''ʂaːʔore'''
<small>one → single, once</small>


*by adding the comparative ending '''-reko''' to the cardinal numeral form:
* '''ṫjejmewa''': where (<small>static location</small>)
* '''ṫjejmeʈu''': where (<small>motion toward</small>)
'''ʔaki''' → '''ʔakireko'''
* '''ṫjejmeno ''': why (<small>cause</small>)
<small>two → double, twice, twofold</small>


*by adding the comparative ending '''-renæ''' to the cardinal numeral form:
These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns:  
'''pʰeːʔo''' → '''pʰeːʔorenæ'''
<small>ten → tenfold, ten times</small>


If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:
* '''ṫjejmewa weʡewa''': in which place (<small>static location</small>)
*''25'': '''ʔakirepʰeːʔo ṕaːŋere'''
* '''ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu''': in which place (<small>motion toward</small>)

Latest revision as of 02:22, 26 September 2025

Interrogative pronouns

Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots:

  • quality: ṫjejm-
  • quantity: sjowp-

When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix -e-. 

ṫjejm- → ṫjejm- + -e- → ṫjejme
interr. → what?, who?

When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix -i-. 

ṫjejm- → ṫjejm- + -i- → ṫjejmi
interr. → which?

As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun.

who? / what?
how much? / how many?
singular
plural
singular
plural
ergative
 ṫjejmek̇ə ṫjejmejk̇ə sjowpek̇ə sjowpejk̇ə
absolutive
 ṫjejme ṫjejmej sjowpe sjowpej
possessive
 ṫjejmeṗu ṫjejmejṗu sjowpeṗu sjowpejṗu
terminative
 ṫjejmeʈu ṫjejmejʈu sjowpeʈu sjowpejʈu
ablative
 ṫjejmeʡo ṫjejmejʡo sjowpeʡo sjowpejʡo
causative
 ṫjejmeno ṫjejmejno sjowpeno sjowpejno
benefactive
 ṫjejmepə ṫjejmejpə sjowpepə sjowpejpə
instrumental
 ṫjejmema ṫjejmejma sjowpema sjowpejma
locative
 ṫjejmewa ṫjejmejwa sjowpewa sjowpejwa

The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case:

  • ṫjejmewa: where (static location)
  • ṫjejmeʈu: where (motion toward)
  • ṫjejmeno : why (cause)

These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns:

  • ṫjejmewa weʡewa: in which place (static location)
  • ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu: in which place (motion toward)
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