User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions
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=== | ===Interrogative pronouns=== | ||
Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots: | |||
*<small>''quality'':</small> '''ṫjejm-''' | |||
*<small>''quantity'':</small> '''sjowp-''' | |||
When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix '''-e-'''. | |||
'''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-e-''' → '''ṫjejme''' | |||
<small>''interr.'' → ''what?, who?''</small> | |||
When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix '''-i-'''. | |||
'''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-i-''' → '''ṫjejmi''' | |||
<small>''interr.'' → ''which?''</small> | |||
As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun. | |||
{|- | {|- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || colspan="2" | <center>'' | | || colspan="2" | <center>''who? / what?''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''how much? / how many?''</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: | | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>''ergative''</small></center> || | | <center><small>''ergative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmek̇ə''' || '''ṫjejmejk̇ə''' || '''sjowpek̇ə''' || '''sjowpejk̇ə''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>''absolutive''</small></center> || | | <center><small>''absolutive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejme''' || '''ṫjejmej''' || '''sjowpe''' || '''sjowpej''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>'' | | <center><small>''possessive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeṗu''' || '''ṫjejmejṗu''' || '''sjowpeṗu''' || '''sjowpejṗu''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>'' | | <center><small>''terminative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʈu''' || '''ṫjejmejʈu''' || '''sjowpeʈu''' || '''sjowpejʈu''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>'' | | <center><small>''ablative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʡo''' || '''ṫjejmejʡo''' || '''sjowpeʡo''' || '''sjowpejʡo''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>'' | | <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeno''' || '''ṫjejmejno''' || '''sjowpeno''' || '''sjowpejno''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>''benefactive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmepə''' || '''ṫjejmejpə''' || '''sjowpepə''' || '''sjowpejpə''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmema''' || '''ṫjejmejma''' || '''sjowpema''' || '''sjowpejma''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| <center><small>'' | | <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmewa''' || '''ṫjejmejwa''' || '''sjowpewa''' || '''sjowpejwa''' | ||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case: | |||
* '''ṫjejmewa''': where (<small>static location</small>) | |||
* '''ṫjejmeʈu''': where (<small>motion toward</small>) | |||
* '''ṫjejmeno ''': why (<small>cause</small>) | |||
These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns: | |||
* '''ṫjejmewa weʡewa''': in which place (<small>static location</small>) | |||
* '''ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu''': in which place (<small>motion toward</small>) | |||
Latest revision as of 02:22, 26 September 2025
Interrogative pronouns
Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots:
- quality: ṫjejm-
- quantity: sjowp-
When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix -e-.
ṫjejm- → ṫjejm- + -e- → ṫjejme interr. → what?, who?
When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix -i-.
ṫjejm- → ṫjejm- + -i- → ṫjejmi interr. → which?
As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun.
| ṫjejmek̇ə | ṫjejmejk̇ə | sjowpek̇ə | sjowpejk̇ə | |
| ṫjejme | ṫjejmej | sjowpe | sjowpej | |
| ṫjejmeṗu | ṫjejmejṗu | sjowpeṗu | sjowpejṗu | |
| ṫjejmeʈu | ṫjejmejʈu | sjowpeʈu | sjowpejʈu | |
| ṫjejmeʡo | ṫjejmejʡo | sjowpeʡo | sjowpejʡo | |
| ṫjejmeno | ṫjejmejno | sjowpeno | sjowpejno | |
| ṫjejmepə | ṫjejmejpə | sjowpepə | sjowpejpə | |
| ṫjejmema | ṫjejmejma | sjowpema | sjowpejma | |
| ṫjejmewa | ṫjejmejwa | sjowpewa | sjowpejwa | |
The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case:
- ṫjejmewa: where (static location)
- ṫjejmeʈu: where (motion toward)
- ṫjejmeno : why (cause)
These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns:
- ṫjejmewa weʡewa: in which place (static location)
- ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu: in which place (motion toward)
