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| {{main|Βaβar}}
| | ===Interrogative pronouns=== |
| This page gives an extensive description of '''Βaβar morphological''' features.
| | Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots: |
| ==Numerals== | |
| The numeral system relies on a mixed system of decimal base and a vigesimal base.
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| The first ten cardinal numbers are noun-like forms on their own:
| | *<small>''quality'':</small> '''ṫjejm-''' |
| | *<small>''quantity'':</small> '''sjowp-''' |
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|
| {|-
| | When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix '''-e-'''. |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
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| |-
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| | <center>''1'':</center> || īɴ
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| |-
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| | <center>''2'':</center> || gaɸ
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| |-
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| | <center>''3'':</center> || zgū
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| |-
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| | <center>''4'':</center> || dāk
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| |-
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| | <center>''5'':</center> || atsʼ
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| |-
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| | <center>''6'':</center> || trikxʼ
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| |-
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| | <center>''7'':</center> || rməq
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| |-
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| | <center>''8'':</center> || dākr
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| |-
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| | <center>''9'':</center> || īɴɸə
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| |-
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| | <center>''10'':</center> || ɸək
| |
| |}
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| | |
| Numerals from 11 to 19 are built with the construction NUM + i + ɸək. If the numeral ends in a vowel, the -i turns into -j:
| |
| {|-
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| |-
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| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
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| |-
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| | <center>''11'':</center> || īɴiɸək
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| |-
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| | <center>''12'':</center> || gaɸiɸək
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| |-
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| | <center>''13'':</center> || zgūjɸək
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| |-
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| | <center>''14'':</center> || dākiɸək
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| |-
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| | <center>''15'':</center> || atsʼiɸək
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| |-
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| | <center>''16'':</center> || trikxʼiɸək
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| |-
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| | <center>''17'':</center> || rməqiɸək
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| |-
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| | <center>''18'':</center> || dākriɸək
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| |-
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| | <center>''19'':</center> || īɴɸəjɸək
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| |}
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| | |
| The numeral for tens is built with the construction NUM + ī:
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| {|-
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| |-
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| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''tens'':</small></center> || style="width: 40px;"| ɸəkī
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| |}
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| The numerals for 20 is a noun-like form on their own:
| | '''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-e-''' → '''ṫjejme''' |
| | <small>''interr.'' → ''what?, who?''</small> |
|
| |
|
| {|-
| | When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix '''-i-'''. |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
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| |-
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| | <center>''20'':</center> || gāɸī
| |
| |}
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| Numerals for 30, 50, 70 and 90 are built with the construction NUM + ɸəkī:
| | '''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-i-''' → '''ṫjejmi''' |
| {|-
| | <small>''interr.'' → ''which?''</small> |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
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| |-
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| | <center>''30'':</center> || zgūɸəkī
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| |-
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| | <center>''50'':</center> || atsʼɸəkī
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| |-
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| | <center>''70'':</center> || rməqɸəkī
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| |-
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| | <center>''90'':</center> || īɴɸəɸəkī
| |
| |}
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| | |
| Numerals for 40, 60 and 80 are built with the construction 2 / 3 / 4 + gāɸī:
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| {|-
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| |-
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| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
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| |-
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| | <center>''40'':</center> || gaɸgāɸī
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| |-
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| | <center>''60'':</center> || zgūgāɸī
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| |-
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| | <center>''80'':</center> || dākgāɸī
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| |}
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| The numerals for ''(one) hundred'' and ''(one) thousand'' are noun-like forms on their own:
| | As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun. |
| {|-
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| |-
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| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
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| |-
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| | <center>''100'':</center> || žaβ
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| |-
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| | <center>''1000'':</center> || kx‘ruç
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| |}
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| The numerals for the multiples of hundreds and thousands are built with the construction NUM + (i) + žaβī / kx‘ruçī:
| |
| {|- | | {|- |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small></small></center> || style="width: 130px;"| <center><small>''hundreds''</small></center> || style="width: 130px;"| <center><small>''thousands''</small></center> | | | || colspan="2" | <center>''who? / what?''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''how much? / how many?''</center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center><small>''2x'':</small></center> || gaɸžaβī || gaɸkx‘ruçī | | | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center><small>''3x'':</small></center> || zgūžaβī || zgūkx‘ruçī | | | <center><small>''ergative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmek̇ə''' || '''ṫjejmejk̇ə''' || '''sjowpek̇ə''' || '''sjowpejk̇ə''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center><small>''4x'':</small></center> || dākžaβī|| dākikx‘ruçī | | | <center><small>''absolutive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejme''' || '''ṫjejmej''' || '''sjowpe''' || '''sjowpej''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center><small>''5x'':</small></center> || atsʼižaβī || atsʼkx‘ruçī | | | <center><small>''possessive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeṗu''' || '''ṫjejmejṗu''' || '''sjowpeṗu''' || '''sjowpejṗu''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center><small>''6x'':</small></center> || trikxiʼžaβī || trikxʼikx‘ruçī | | | <center><small>''terminative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʈu''' || '''ṫjejmejʈu''' || '''sjowpeʈu''' || '''sjowpejʈu''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center><small>''7x'':</small></center> || rməqižaβī || rməqikx‘ruçī | | | <center><small>''ablative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʡo''' || '''ṫjejmejʡo''' || '''sjowpeʡo''' || '''sjowpejʡo''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center><small>''8x'':</small></center> || dākrižaβī || dākrikx‘ruçī | | | <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeno''' || '''ṫjejmejno''' || '''sjowpeno''' || '''sjowpejno''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center><small>''9x'':</small></center> || īɴɸəžaβī || īɴɸəkx‘ruçī | | | <center><small>''benefactive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmepə''' || '''ṫjejmejpə''' || '''sjowpepə''' || '''sjowpejpə''' |
| |}
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| | |
| Composite numbers are built by just putting them beside, without any conjunction, in descending order:
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| *''1985'': kx‘ruç īɴɸəžaβī dākgāɸī atsʼ
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| All cardinal numerals up to these forms are treated as adjective-like forms. They decline according to their adjoining nouns in case, but they do not agree in number. Numerals do decline only in singular number.
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| The numerals for “million” and “billion” are nominal forms on their own (the latter is an adapted loanword from modern Figo language):
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| {|-
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| |- | |
| | style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center>
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| |-
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| | <center>''1,000,000'':</center> || ʈʂʼamʈʂʼam (<small>reduplicated from ʈʂʼam, ''great amount''</small>)
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| |-
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| | <center>''1,000,000,000'':</center> || mišurintu (<small>from m. F. mešurentur</small>)
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| |}
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| | |
| These forms are treated as regularly declinable nouns. If these numerals are used as simple count forms, they are declined in the nominative case. Inside of a structured sentence, they are declined according the case required by their syntactical role. Nouns adjoining such numerals are declined in the genitive-dative case and are followed by the postposition ɣm:
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| βaraɟ ɣm īɴ ʈʂʼamʈʂʼam
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| <small>one million people</small>
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| βaraɟ ɣm gaɸ mišurintūɟ ɟn
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| <small>to two billions people</small>
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| In the latest texts, however, nouns adjoining these numerals arenot followed by any postposition:
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| βaraɟ gaɸ mišurintūɟ ɟn
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| <small>to two billions people</small>
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| In the earlier modern period the idea of “zero” is introduced from Iðâɣ language. This numeral is however usually limited to mathematics:
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| {|-
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| |- | | |- |
| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
| | | <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmema''' || '''ṫjejmejma''' || '''sjowpema''' || '''sjowpejma''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center>''0'':</center> || xisū (<small>from I. xesú</small>) | | | <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmewa''' || '''ṫjejmejwa''' || '''sjowpewa''' || '''sjowpejwa''' |
| |} | | |} |
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| Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the ordinal ending -ð, sometimes preceded by -i-, to the cardinal numeral form, with an irregular suppletive form:
| | The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case: |
| {|-
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| |-
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| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''adjective form''</small></center>
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| |-
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| | <center>''1<sup>st</sup>'':</center> || rārm
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| |-
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| | <center>''2<sup>nd</sup>'':</center> || gaɸið
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| |-
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| | <center>''3<sup>rd</sup>'':</center> || zgūð
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| |-
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| | <center>''4<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || dākið
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| |-
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| | <center>''5<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || atsʼið
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| |-
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| | <center>''6<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || trikxʼið
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| |-
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| | <center>''7<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || rməqið
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| |-
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| | <center>''8<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || dākrið
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| |-
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| | <center>''9<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || īɴɸəð
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| |-
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| | <center>''10<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || ɸəkið
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| |-
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| | <center>''11<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || īɴiɸəkið
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| |-
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| | <center>''12<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || gaɸiɸəkið
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| |-
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| | <center>''20<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || gāɸīð
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| |-
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| | <center>''60<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || zgūgāɸīð
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| |}
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| Ordinal numerals for “millionth” and “billionth” are regularly formed from their corresponding cardinal forms, while their multiples are formed by unifying the separated forms in an only adjectival word:
| | * '''ṫjejmewa''': where (<small>static location</small>) |
| | * '''ṫjejmeʈu''': where (<small>motion toward</small>) |
| | * '''ṫjejmeno ''': why (<small>cause</small>) |
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|
| {|-
| | These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns: |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''adjective form''</small></center>
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| |-
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| | <center>''1,000,000<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || ʈʂʼamʈʂʼamð
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| |-
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| | <center>''1,000,000,000<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || mišurintuð
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| |-
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| | <center>''3,000,000,000<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || zgūmišurintuð
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| |}
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| If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:
| | * '''ṫjejmewa weʡewa''': in which place (<small>static location</small>) |
| *''25<sup>th</sup>'': gāɸī atsʼið | | * '''ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu''': in which place (<small>motion toward</small>) |
