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| {{main|Memniq}}
| | ===Interrogative pronouns=== |
| This page gives an extensive description of '''Memniq morphological''' features.
| | Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots: |
| ==Numerals== | |
| The numeral system relies on a mixed system of decimal base and a vigesimal base.
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| The first ten cardinal numbers are noun-like forms on their own:
| | *<small>''quality'':</small> '''ṫjejm-''' |
| | *<small>''quantity'':</small> '''sjowp-''' |
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|
| {|-
| | When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix '''-e-'''. |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
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| |-
| |
| | <center>''1'':</center> || țe̥ʔu
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| |-
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| | <center>''2'':</center> || iʔẙq
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| |-
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| | <center>''3'':</center> || emqi̥
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| |-
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| | <center>''4'':</center> || anḁ̈ŕ
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| |-
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| | <center>''5'':</center> || fḁ̈nu
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| |-
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| | <center>''6'':</center> || yťŕḁ̈
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| |-
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| | <center>''7'':</center> || iħśü̥
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| |-
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| | <center>''8'':</center> || ʔe̥ći
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| |-
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| | <center>''9'':</center> || ḁtjö
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| |-
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| | <center>''10'':</center> || po̥ʔi
| |
| |}
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| Numerals from 11 to 17 are built with the construction po̥ʔi + NUM:
| | '''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-e-''' → '''ṫjejme''' |
| {|-
| | <small>''interr.'' → ''what?, who?''</small> |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
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| |-
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| | <center>''11'':</center> || poʔițe̥ʔu
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| |-
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| | <center>''12'':</center> || poʔiʔẙq
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| |-
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| | <center>''13'':</center> || poʔemqi̥
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| |-
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| | <center>''14'':</center> || poʔanḁ̈ŕ
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| |-
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| | <center>''15'':</center> || poʔyťŕḁ̈
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| |-
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| | <center>''16'':</center> || poʔifḁ̈nu
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''16'':</center> || poʔiħśü̥
| |
| |}
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| As it can be seen, if the numeral begins with a vowel, the final vowel of po̥ʔi is dropped.
| | When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix '''-i-'''. |
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|
| Numerals 18 and 19 are irregularly built from the numeral 20:
| | '''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-i-''' → '''ṫjejmi''' |
| {|-
| | <small>''interr.'' → ''which?''</small> |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
| |
| |-
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| | <center>''18'':</center> || iʔquʔḁ̥tru
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| |-
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| | <center>''19'':</center> || țeʔuʔḁtru
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| The numerals for 20 is a noun-like form on their own:
| |
| | |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
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| |-
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| | <center>''20'':</center> || ʔḁtru
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Numerals for 30, 50, 70 and 90 are built with the construction i̥pʔa + NUM:
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| {|-
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| |-
| |
| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
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| |-
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| | <center>''30'':</center> || ipʔemqi̥
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| |-
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| | <center>''50'':</center> || ipʔafḁ̈nu
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| |-
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| | <center>''70'':</center> || ipʔiħśü̥
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| |-
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| | <center>''90'':</center> || ipʔḁtjö
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| As it can be seen, if the numeral begins with a vowel, the final vowel of i̥pʔa is dropped.
| |
| | |
| Numerals for 40, 60 and 80 are built with the construction ʔtḁr + 2 / 3 / 4:
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| {|-
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| |-
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| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
| |
| |-
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| | <center>''46'':</center> || ʔtariʔẙq
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| |-
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| | <center>''60'':</center> || ʔtaremqi̥
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| |-
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| | <center>''80'':</center> || ʔtaranḁ̈ŕ
| |
| |}
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| The numerals for ''(one) hundred'' and ''(one) thousand'' are noun-like forms on their own:
| | As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun. |
| {|-
| |
| |-
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| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''full form''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''100'':</center> || u̥ncu
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| |-
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| | <center>''1000'':</center> || ëțnẙt
| |
| |}
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| The numerals for the multiples of hundreds and thousands are built with the construction no̥cu / țnë̥to + NUM:
| |
| {|- | | {|- |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small></small></center> || style="width: 130px;"| <center><small>''hundreds''</small></center> || style="width: 130px;"| <center><small>''thousands''</small></center> | | | || colspan="2" | <center>''who? / what?''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''how much? / how many?''</center> |
| |-
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| | <center><small>''2x'':</small></center> || nociʔẙq || țnëtiʔẙq
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| |-
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| | <center><small>''3x'':</small></center> || nocemqi̥ || țnëtemqi̥
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| |- | | |- |
| | <center><small>''4x'':</small></center> || nocanḁ̈ŕ || țnëtanḁ̈ŕ | | | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center><small>''5x'':</small></center> || nocufḁ̈nu || țnëtofḁ̈nu | | | <center><small>''ergative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmek̇ə''' || '''ṫjejmejk̇ə''' || '''sjowpek̇ə''' || '''sjowpejk̇ə''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center><small>''6x'':</small></center> || nocyťŕḁ̈ || țnëtyťŕḁ̈ | | | <center><small>''absolutive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejme''' || '''ṫjejmej''' || '''sjowpe''' || '''sjowpej''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center><small>''7x'':</small></center> || nociħśü̥ || țnëtiħśü̥ | | | <center><small>''possessive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeṗu''' || '''ṫjejmejṗu''' || '''sjowpeṗu''' || '''sjowpejṗu''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center><small>''8x'':</small></center> || nocuʔe̥ći || țnëtoʔe̥ći | | | <center><small>''terminative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʈu''' || '''ṫjejmejʈu''' || '''sjowpeʈu''' || '''sjowpejʈu''' |
| |- | |
| | <center><small>''9x'':</small></center> || nocḁtjö || țnëtḁtjö | |
| |} | |
| | |
| As it can be seen, if the numeral begins with a vowel, the final vowels of no̥cu and țnë̥to are dropped.
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| Composite numbers are built by linking them with the conjunction ka, ''and'', in descending order:
| |
| *''1985'': ëțnẙt ka nocḁtjö ka ʔtaranḁ̈ŕ ka fḁ̈nu
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| | |
| All cardinal numerals up to these forms are treated as adjective-like forms. They decline according to their adjoining nouns in case, but they do not agree in number. Numerals do decline only in singular number. However, numeral are placed almost always before their adjoining nouns. In later texts they can be found also after their nouns.
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| The numeral for “million” is formed from the word ëțnẙt. Numbers above the millions have no name and are specified by the lesser numerals.
| |
| {|-
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center>
| | | <center><small>''ablative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʡo''' || '''ṫjejmejʡo''' || '''sjowpeʡo''' || '''sjowpejʡo''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center>''1,000,000'':</center> || țë̥nt | | | <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeno''' || '''ṫjejmejno''' || '''sjowpeno''' || '''sjowpejno''' |
| |} | |
| | |
| This form is treated as a regularly declinable noun:
| |
| | |
| {|-
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''noun form''</small></center>
| | | <center><small>''benefactive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmepə''' || '''ṫjejmejpə''' || '''sjowpepə''' || '''sjowpejpə''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center>''3,000,000'':</center> || miəkō t́əntəno | | | <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmema''' || '''ṫjejmejma''' || '''sjowpema''' || '''sjowpejma''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center>''25,000,000'':</center> || ʔatrū ṕāge t́əntəno | | | <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmewa''' || '''ṫjejmejwa''' || '''sjowpewa''' || '''sjowpejwa''' |
| |} | | |} |
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| | The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case: |
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| If this numeral is used as a simple count form, it is declined in the passive case. Inside of a structured sentence, it is declined according the case required by its syntactical role. Nouns adjoining such numerals are introduced by the preposition čɛl and are declined in the ablative case.
| | * '''ṫjejmewa''': where (<small>static location</small>) |
| | | * '''ṫjejmeʈu''': where (<small>motion toward</small>) |
| ʔakiə t́əntəxəno fūkarano
| | * '''ṫjejmeno ''': why (<small>cause</small>) |
| <small>to two millions people</small>
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| Ordinal numerals are formed by adding the ordinal ending -lo to the cardinal numeral form, with an irregular suppletive form:
| | These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns: |
| {|-
| |
| |-
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| | style="width: 40px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''adjective form''</small></center>
| |
| |-
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| | <center>''1<sup>st</sup>'':</center> || roɕdu
| |
| |-
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| | <center>''2<sup>nd</sup>'':</center> || ogidu
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| |-
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| | <center>''3<sup>rd</sup>'':</center> || migōdu
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| |-
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| | <center>''4<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || nōhdu
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| |-
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| | <center>''5<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || čōndu
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| |-
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| | <center>''6<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || θūhadu
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| |-
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| | <center>''7<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || hoɕedu
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| |-
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| | <center>''8<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || šudu
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| |-
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| | <center>''9<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || cōjudu
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| |-
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| | <center>''10<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || fēwdu
| |
| |-
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| | <center>''11<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || ɕōwfēwdu
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| |-
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| | <center>''12<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || ogifēwdu
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| |-
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| | <center>''20<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || ogifēwtujdu
| |
| |-
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| | <center>''30<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || ogifēwtujdu
| |
| |-
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| | <center>''60<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || θūhafēwtunudu
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| The ordinal numeral for “millionth” is regularly formed from its corresponding cardinal forms, by adding the epenthetic vowel -ə-, while its multiples are formed by unifying the separated forms in an only adjectival word:
| |
| | |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''digit''</small></center> || <center><small>''adjective form''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''1,000,000<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || t́əntəlo
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>''3,000,000<sup>th</sup>'':</center> || miəkōt́əntəlo
| |
| |}
| |
|
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| If the numeral form is composite, the ending is added only to the last numeral form:
| | * '''ṫjejmewa weʡewa''': in which place (<small>static location</small>) |
| *''25<sup>th</sup>'': ʔatrū ṕāgelo | | * '''ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu''': in which place (<small>motion toward</small>) |
