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<big>Ossmalic
Ossmalic


{{infobox
{{infobox
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|+ Consonant phonemes of Ossmalic
|+ Consonant phonemes of Ossmalic
|-  
|-  
! style="width: 7em;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! style="width: 7em;" rowspan="2" |
! style="width: 3.5em;" rowspan="2" | Labial
! style="width: 5em;" rowspan="2" | Labial
! colspan="2" | Coronal
! colspan="2" | Coronal
! style="width: 3.5em;" rowspan="2" | Palatal
! style="width: 5em;" rowspan="2" | Palatal
! colspan="2" | Velar
! colspan="2" | Velar
|-
|-
! style="width: 3.5em;" | hard
! style="width: 5em;" | hard
! style="width: 3.5em;" | soft
! style="width: 5em;" | soft
! style="width: 3.5em;" | hard
! style="width: 5em;" | hard
! style="width: 3.5em;" | soft
! style="width: 5em;" | soft
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
! Nasal
| '''м''' /m/  
| '''м''' /m/  
| '''н''' /n̪/
| '''н''' /n̪/
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|
|
| '''ӈ''' /ŋ/
| '''ӈ''' /ŋ/
| '''ӈь''' /ŋʲ/
| '''ӈь''' /ɲ~ŋʲ/
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Stop
! Stop
! voiceless
| '''п''' /p/  
| '''п''' /p/  
| '''т''' /t̪/  
| '''т''' /t̪/  
Line 45: Line 44:
|
|
| '''к''' /k/  
| '''к''' /k/  
| '''кь''' /kʲ/
| '''кь''' /c~kʲ/
|-
|-
! voiced
! Fricative
| '''мп''' /b/
| '''нт''' /d̪/
| '''нть''' /d̪ʲ/
|
| '''ӈк''' /g/
| '''ӈкь''' /gʲ/
|-
! colspan="2" | Fricative
| rowspan="2" | '''в''' /ʋ/
| rowspan="2" | '''в''' /ʋ/
| '''с''' /s/  
| '''с''' /s/  
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| rowspan="2" | '''і''' /j/
| rowspan="2" | '''і''' /j/
| '''х''' /x/
| '''х''' /x/
| '''хь''' /xʲ/
| '''хь''' /ç~xʲ/
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Approximant
! Approximant
| '''л''' /l/
| '''л''' /l/
| '''ль''' /lʲ/
| '''ль''' /lʲ/
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! style="width: 3em;" | Type
! style="width: 3em;" | Type
! style="width: 3.4em;" | Front
! style="width: 3.4em;" | Front
! style="width: 3.4em;" | Central
! style="width: 3.4em;" | Back
! style="width: 3.4em;" | Back
|-
|-
!Close
!Close
| '''и''' /i/
| '''и''' /i/
| rowspan="2" | '''э''' /ə~ɨ/
| '''у''' /u/
| '''у''' /u/
|-
|-
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|-
|-
!Open
!Open
|colspan=3| '''а''' /a/
|colspan=2| '''а''' /a/
|-
|-
|}
|}


{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Diphthongs
|-
|-
! style="width: 6em;" | Type
!
! style="width: 3em;" | Front
! colspan="10" | Short
! style="width: 3em;" | Back
! rowspan="3" style="width: 1.5em;" |  
! colspan="10" | Long
|-
|-
!Mid Falling
! Origin
| '''іе''' /i̯e/
| style="width: 1.5em;" | æ
| '''во''' /u̯o/
| style="width: 1.5em;" | e
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ø
| style="width: 1.5em;" | i
| style="width: 1.5em;" | y
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɑ
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɤ
| style="width: 1.5em;" | o
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɯ
| style="width: 1.5em;" | u
 
| style="width: 1.5em;" | æː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | eː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | øː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | iː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | yː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɑː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɤː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | oː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɯː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | uː
|-
|-
!Open Falling
! style="width: 4em;" | Result
| '''іа''' /i̯a/
| ʲa
| '''ва''' /u̯a/
| ʲe
| ʲo
| ʲĭ
| ʲŭ
| a
| e
| o
| ĭ
| ŭ
| ʲa
| ʲe
| ʲo
| ʲi
| ʲu
| a
| e
| o
| i
| u
|-
|-
|}
|}


Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:
Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Tones Inferred by Consonants
|+ Tones Inferred by Consonants
! colspan="2" style="width: 7em;" | Consonant
! style="width: 5em;" | Consonant
! style="width: 5em;" | High
! style="width: 5em;" | High
! style="width: 5em;" | Mid
! style="width: 5em;" | Low
! style="width: 5em;" | Low
|-  
|-  
! rowspan="6" | Stop
! rowspan="5" | Stop
! rowspan="3" | Plain
| '''па''' /pá/
| '''па''' /pá/
| —
| '''ба''' /pà/
| '''ба''' /pà/
|-
|-
| '''та''' /t̪á/
| '''та''' /t̪á/
| —
| '''да''' /t̪à/
| '''да''' /t̪à/
|-
| '''тьа''' /t̪ʲá/
| —
| '''дьа''' /t̪ʲà/
|-
|-
| '''ка''' /ká/
| '''ка''' /ká/
| —
| '''га''' /kà/
| '''га''' /kà/
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" | Voiced
| '''кьа''' /kʲá/
| '''мпа''' /bá/
| —
| '''мба''' /bà/
| '''гьа''' /kʲà/
|-
! rowspan="4" | Fricative
| '''са''' /sá/
| —
| '''за''' /sà/
|-
| '''сьа''' /sʲá/
| —
| '''зьа''' /sʲà/
|-
| '''ха''' /xá/
| —
| '''ра''' /xà/
|-
| '''хьа''' /xʲá/
| —
| '''рьа''' /xʲà/
|-
! rowspan="7" | Sonorant
| —
| '''ма''' /mā/
| —
|-
|-
| '''нта''' /d̪á/
| —
| '''нда''' /d̪à/
| '''на''' /n̪ā/
| —
|-
|-
| '''ӈка''' /gá/
| —
| '''ӈга''' /gà/
| '''ньа''' /n̪ʲā/
| —
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Fricative
| —
| '''са''' /sá/
| '''ӈа''' /ŋā/
| —
| —
|-
|-
| '''ха''' /xá/
| —
| '''ӈьа''' /ŋʲā/
| —
| —
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="4" | Sonorant
| —
| —
| '''ма''' /mà/
| '''ла''' /lā/
| —
|-
|-
| —
| —
| '''на''' /n̪à/
| '''льа''' /lʲā/
| —
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Semivowel
| —
| '''ва''' /ʋā/
| —
| —
| '''ӈа''' /ŋà/
|-
|-
| —
| —
| '''ла''' /là/
| '''іа''' /jā/
| —
|-
|-
|}
|}
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Animate:
Animate:
:''ма̀дсьаі'' "human" [sg], ''???'' "people" [pl]
:''хазьа'' "horse" [sg], ''хазьаӈ'' "horses" [pl]
:''сьо́лаі'' "river" [sg], ''???'' "rivers" [pl]
:''меззга'' "bear" [sg], ''меззгаӈ'' "bears" [pl]
:''хва́лаі'' "horse" [sg], ''???'' "horses" [pl]
:''кхьва́наі'' "god" [sg], ''???'' "gods" [pl]
:''дэ̀лхаі'' ??? [sg]


Inanimate:
Inanimate:
:''сэма́л'' "mountain" [sg], ''сэма̀ль'' "mountains" [pl]
:''смал'' "mountain" [sg], ''смалек'' "mountains" [pl]
:''сьо́л'' "lake" [sg], ''сьо́ль'' "lakes" [pl]
:''коб'' "knife" [sg], ''кобек'' "knives" [pl]
:''ду̀д'' "house" [sg], ''ду̀дь'' "houses" [pl]
:''мэ́ӈ'' "language" [sg], ''мэ̀ӈь'' "languages" [pl]




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:''ос-'' "white, light"
:''ос-'' "white, light"
:''тьил-'' "immoral, wicked, evil"
:''тьил-'' "immoral, wicked, evil"
</big>

Latest revision as of 18:47, 29 January 2026

Ossmalic



Ossmalic
мэ́ӈ оссэма́л
Pronounced: [ˈmə́ŋ òs.ˈsmál]
Spoken: Ossmal
Writing system: Sealbone Script
Genealogy: Language isolate
Typology
Morphological type:  ???
Morphosyntactic alignment: ergative-absolutive
Basic word order: VSO
Credits
Creator: Malcolm G. Holborne


28 consonants:

Consonant phonemes of Ossmalic
Labial Coronal Palatal Velar
hard soft hard soft
Nasal м /m/ н /n̪/ нь /n̪ʲ/ ӈ /ŋ/ ӈь /ɲ~ŋʲ/
Stop п /p/ т /t̪/ ть /t̪ʲ/ к /k/ кь /c~kʲ/
Fricative в /ʋ/ с /s/ сь /sʲ/ і /j/ х /x/ хь /ç~xʲ/
Approximant л /l/ ль /lʲ/
Monophthongs
Type Front Back
Close и /i/ у /u/
Mid е /e/ о /o/
Open а /a/
Short Long
Origin æ e ø i y ɑ ɤ o ɯ u æː eː øː iː yː ɑː ɤː oː ɯː uː
Result ʲa ʲe ʲo ʲĭ ʲŭ a e o ĭ ŭ ʲa ʲe ʲo ʲi ʲu a e o i u


Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:

Tones Inferred by Consonants
Consonant High Mid Low
Stop па /pá/ — ба /pà/
та /t̪á/ — да /t̪à/
тьа /t̪ʲá/ — дьа /t̪ʲà/
ка /ká/ — га /kà/
кьа /kʲá/ — гьа /kʲà/
Fricative са /sá/ — за /sà/
сьа /sʲá/ — зьа /sʲà/
ха /xá/ — ра /xà/
хьа /xʲá/ — рьа /xʲà/
Sonorant — ма /mā/ —
— на /n̪ā/ —
— ньа /n̪ʲā/ —
— ӈа /ŋā/ —
— ӈьа /ŋʲā/ —
— ла /lā/ —
— льа /lʲā/ —
Semivowel — ва /ʋā/ —
— іа /jā/ —

Tone possibly indicated on vowels instead:

а́ е́ и́ э́ о́ у́
а̀ ѐ ѝ э̀ о̀ у̀


Animate:

хазьа "horse" [sg], хазьаӈ "horses" [pl]
меззга "bear" [sg], меззгаӈ "bears" [pl]

Inanimate:

смал "mountain" [sg], смалек "mountains" [pl]
коб "knife" [sg], кобек "knives" [pl]


Adjective prefixes

Colours

маг- "black, dark"
ос- "white, light"
тьил- "immoral, wicked, evil"
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