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<big>Ossmalic
Ossmalic


{{infobox
{{infobox
|bg=#9966CC
|bg=#9966CC
|name=Ossmalic
|name=Ossmalic
|native=Оссмал
|native=мэ́ӈ оссэма́л
|pronounce=[osːmal]
|pronounce=[ˈmə́ŋ òs.ˈsmál]
|in=Ossmal
|in=Ossmal
|script=Sealbone Script
|script=Sealbone Script
Line 14: Line 14:
|creator=[[User:Ahzoh|Malcolm G. Holborne]]}}
|creator=[[User:Ahzoh|Malcolm G. Holborne]]}}


28 consonants:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes of Ossmalic
|+ Consonant phonemes of Ossmalic
|-  
|-  
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! style="width: 7em;" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" | Labial
! style="width: 5em;" rowspan="2" | Labial
! colspan="2" | Coronal
! colspan="2" | Coronal
! rowspan="2" | Palatal
! style="width: 5em;" rowspan="2" | Palatal
! colspan="2" | Velar
! colspan="2" | Velar
|-
|-
! hard
! style="width: 5em;" | hard
! soft
! style="width: 5em;" | soft
! hard
! style="width: 5em;" | hard
! soft
! style="width: 5em;" | soft
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
! Nasal
| '''м''' [m]
| '''м''' /m/
| '''н''' [n̪]
| '''н''' /n̪/
| '''нь''' [n̪ʲ]
| '''нь''' /n̪ʲ/
|
|
| '''ӈ''' /ŋ/
| '''ӈь''' /ɲ~ŋʲ/
|-
! Stop
| '''п''' /p/
| '''т''' /t̪/
| '''ть''' /t̪ʲ/
|
|
| '''к''' /k/
| '''кь''' /c~kʲ/
|-
! Fricative
| rowspan="2" | '''в''' /ʋ/
| '''с''' /s/
| '''сь''' /sʲ/
| rowspan="2" | '''і''' /j/
| '''х''' /x/
| '''хь''' /ç~xʲ/
|-
! Approximant
| '''л''' /l/
| '''ль''' /lʲ/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | Stop
! voiceless
| '''п''' [p]
| '''т''' [t̪]
| '''ть''' [t̪ʲ]
|
|
| '''к''' [k]
| '''кь''' [kʲ]
|-
|-
! voiced
|}
| '''б''' [b]
 
| '''д''' [d̪]
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
| '''дь''' [d̪ʲ]
|+Monophthongs
|
| '''г''' [g]
| '''гь''' [gʲ]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Fricative
! style="width: 3em;" | Type
| rowspan="2" | '''в''' [ʋ]
! style="width: 3.4em;" | Front
| '''с''' [s]
! style="width: 3.4em;" | Back
| '''сь''' [sʲ]
|
| '''х''' [x]
| '''хь''' [xʲ]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Approximant
!Close
| '''л''' [l]
| '''и''' /i/
| '''ль''' [lʲ]
| '''у''' /u/
| '''і''' [j]
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" | Central Click
!Mid
! voiceless
| '''е''' /e/
|
| '''о''' /o/
| '''қ''' [ǀ]
|
| '''қь''' [ǂ]
|
|
|-
|-
! voiced
!Open
|
|colspan=2| '''а''' /a/
| '''ӷ''' [ᶢǀ]
|
| '''ӷь''' [ᶢǂ]
|
|
|-
|-
! nasal
|}
|
 
| '''ң''' [ᵑǀ]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|
| '''ңь''' [ᵑǂ]
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" | Lateral Click
!
! voiceless
! colspan="10" | Short
|
! rowspan="3" style="width: 1.5em;" |  
| '''қл''' [ǁ]
! colspan="10" | Long
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! voiced
! Origin
|
| style="width: 1.5em;" | æ
| '''ӷл''' [ᶢǁ]
| style="width: 1.5em;" | e
|
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ø
|
| style="width: 1.5em;" | i
|
| style="width: 1.5em;" | y
|
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɑ
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɤ
| style="width: 1.5em;" | o
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɯ
| style="width: 1.5em;" | u
 
| style="width: 1.5em;" | æː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | eː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | øː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | iː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | yː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɑː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɤː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | oː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɯː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | uː
|-
|-
! nasal
! style="width: 4em;" | Result
|
| ʲa
| '''ңл''' [ᵑǁ]
| ʲe
|
| ʲo
|
| ʲĭ
|
| ʲŭ
|
| a
| e
| o
| ĭ
| ŭ
| ʲa
| ʲe
| ʲo
| ʲi
| ʲu
| a
| e
| o
| i
| u
|-
|-
|}
|}




{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:
|+Vowel Phonemes
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Tones Inferred by Consonants
! style="width: 5em;" | Consonant
! style="width: 5em;" | High
! style="width: 5em;" | Mid
! style="width: 5em;" | Low
|-
! rowspan="5" | Stop
| '''па''' /pá/
| —
| '''ба''' /pà/
|-
| '''та''' /t̪á/
| —
| '''да''' /t̪à/
|-
| '''тьа''' /t̪ʲá/
| —
| '''дьа''' /t̪ʲà/
|-
| '''ка''' /ká/
| —
| '''га''' /kà/
|-
| '''кьа''' /kʲá/
| —
| '''гьа''' /kʲà/
|-
! rowspan="4" | Fricative
| '''са''' /sá/
| —
| '''за''' /sà/
|-
| '''сьа''' /sʲá/
| —
| '''зьа''' /sʲà/
|-
| '''ха''' /xá/
| —
| '''ра''' /xà/
|-
| '''хьа''' /xʲá/
| —
| '''рьа''' /xʲà/
|-
! rowspan="7" | Sonorant
| —
| '''ма''' /mā/
| —
|-
| —
| '''на''' /n̪ā/
| —
|-
| —
| '''ньа''' /n̪ʲā/
| —
|-
| —
| '''ӈа''' /ŋā/
| —
|-
| —
| '''ӈьа''' /ŋʲā/
| —
|-
| —
| '''ла''' /lā/
| —
|-
|-
! Type
| —
! Front
| '''льа''' /lʲā/
! Back
| —
|-
|-
!Close
! rowspan="2" | Semivowel
| '''и''' [i]
| —
| '''у''' [u]
| '''ва''' /ʋā/
| —
|-
|-
!Mid
| —
| '''е''' [e]
| '''іа''' /jā/
| '''о''' [o]
| —
|-
|-
!Open
|colspan=2| '''а''' [a]
|}
|}


Diphthongs:
Tone possibly indicated on vowels instead:
''иі'' > ''еі''; ''уі'' > ''оі''; ''еі'' > ''и''; ''оі'' > ''у''; ''аі'' > ''е''
:'''а́ е́ и́ э́ о́ у́'''
:'''а̀ ѐ ѝ э̀ о̀ у̀'''
 
 
Animate:
:''хазьа'' "horse" [sg], ''хазьаӈ'' "horses" [pl]
:''меззга'' "bear" [sg], ''меззгаӈ'' "bears" [pl]
 
Inanimate:
:''смал'' "mountain" [sg], ''смалек'' "mountains" [pl]
:''коб'' "knife" [sg], ''кобек'' "knives" [pl]


Inanimate endings:
: -0; -ĭ [ʲ]
: -ä [ʲa]; -e [ʲe]
Animate endings:
: -a [a]; -ë [e]
: -u [u]; -oi [oj]
: -ü [ʲu]; -öi [ʲoj]


Singular:
===Adjective prefixes===
:''смал'' "mountain" [inanimate]; ''сльола'' "river" [animate]; ''тьху'' "fish" [animate]
====Colours====
Plural:
:''маг-'' "black, dark"
:''смаль'' "mountains"; ''сльоле'' "river"; ''тьхоі'' "fish"
:''ос-'' "white, light"
</big>
:''тьил-'' "immoral, wicked, evil"

Latest revision as of 18:47, 29 January 2026

Ossmalic



Ossmalic
мэ́ӈ оссэма́л
Pronounced: [ˈmə́ŋ òs.ˈsmál]
Spoken: Ossmal
Writing system: Sealbone Script
Genealogy: Language isolate
Typology
Morphological type:  ???
Morphosyntactic alignment: ergative-absolutive
Basic word order: VSO
Credits
Creator: Malcolm G. Holborne


28 consonants:

Consonant phonemes of Ossmalic
Labial Coronal Palatal Velar
hard soft hard soft
Nasal м /m/ н /n̪/ нь /n̪ʲ/ ӈ /ŋ/ ӈь /ɲ~ŋʲ/
Stop п /p/ т /t̪/ ть /t̪ʲ/ к /k/ кь /c~kʲ/
Fricative в /ʋ/ с /s/ сь /sʲ/ і /j/ х /x/ хь /ç~xʲ/
Approximant л /l/ ль /lʲ/
Monophthongs
Type Front Back
Close и /i/ у /u/
Mid е /e/ о /o/
Open а /a/
Short Long
Origin æ e ø i y ɑ ɤ o ɯ u æː eː øː iː yː ɑː ɤː oː ɯː uː
Result ʲa ʲe ʲo ʲĭ ʲŭ a e o ĭ ŭ ʲa ʲe ʲo ʲi ʲu a e o i u


Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:

Tones Inferred by Consonants
Consonant High Mid Low
Stop па /pá/ — ба /pà/
та /t̪á/ — да /t̪à/
тьа /t̪ʲá/ — дьа /t̪ʲà/
ка /ká/ — га /kà/
кьа /kʲá/ — гьа /kʲà/
Fricative са /sá/ — за /sà/
сьа /sʲá/ — зьа /sʲà/
ха /xá/ — ра /xà/
хьа /xʲá/ — рьа /xʲà/
Sonorant — ма /mā/ —
— на /n̪ā/ —
— ньа /n̪ʲā/ —
— ӈа /ŋā/ —
— ӈьа /ŋʲā/ —
— ла /lā/ —
— льа /lʲā/ —
Semivowel — ва /ʋā/ —
— іа /jā/ —

Tone possibly indicated on vowels instead:

а́ е́ и́ э́ о́ у́
а̀ ѐ ѝ э̀ о̀ у̀


Animate:

хазьа "horse" [sg], хазьаӈ "horses" [pl]
меззга "bear" [sg], меззгаӈ "bears" [pl]

Inanimate:

смал "mountain" [sg], смалек "mountains" [pl]
коб "knife" [sg], кобек "knives" [pl]


Adjective prefixes

Colours

маг- "black, dark"
ос- "white, light"
тьил- "immoral, wicked, evil"
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