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Onschen
Ossmalic


{{infobox
{{infobox
|bg=#9966CC
|bg=#9966CC
|name=Onschen
|name=Ossmalic
|native=Ӯсце
|native=мэ́ӈ оссэма́л
|pronounce=/õːʃt͡ʃe/
|pronounce=[ˈmə́ŋ òs.ˈsmál]
|in=Onstsamidzo
|in=Ossmal
|script=Sealbone Script
|script=Sealbone Script
|tree=Language isolate
|tree=Language isolate
Line 14: Line 14:
|creator=[[User:Ahzoh|Malcolm G. Holborne]]}}
|creator=[[User:Ahzoh|Malcolm G. Holborne]]}}


28 consonants:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Onschen Consonantal Phonemes
|+ Consonant phonemes of Ossmalic
|-
|-  
!colspan=2 rowspan=2|
! style="width: 7em;" rowspan="2" |
!rowspan=2|Bilabial
! style="width: 3.5em;" rowspan="2" | Labial
!colspan=2|Coronal
! colspan="2" | Coronal
!rowspan=2|Palatal
! style="width: 3.5em;" rowspan="2" | Palatal
!rowspan=2|Velar
! colspan="2" | Velar
|-
!Central
!Lateral
|-
|-
!colspan=2|Nasal
! style="width: 3.5em;" | hard
| '''м''' [m]
! style="width: 3.5em;" | soft
| '''н''' [n̪] '''ні''' [n̪ʲ] ||
! style="width: 3.5em;" | hard
|
! style="width: 3.5em;" | soft
|
|-
|-
!colspan=2|Stop
! Nasal
| '''п''' [p] '''б''' [b]
| '''м''' /m/
| '''т''' [t̪] '''ті''' [t̪ʲ] '''д''' [d̪] '''ді''' [d̪ʲ] ||
| '''н''' /n̪/
| '''нь''' /n̪ʲ/
|
|
| '''к''' [k] '''кі''' [kʲ] '''г''' [g] '''гі''' [gʲ]
| '''ӈ''' /ŋ/
| '''ӈь''' /ŋʲ/
|-
|-
!colspan=2|Affricate
! Stop
|
| '''п''' /p/
| '''ц''' [t͡s] '''ѕ''' [d͡z] ||
| '''т''' /t̪/
| '''ч''' [t͡ʃ] '''џ''' [d͡ʒ]
| '''ть''' /t̪ʲ/
|
|
| '''к''' /k/
| '''кь''' /kʲ/
|-
|-
!colspan=2|Fricative
! Fricative
| '''ф''' [f]
| rowspan="2" | '''в''' /ʋ/
| '''с''' [s] ||
| '''с''' /s/
| '''ш''' [ʃ]
| '''сь''' /sʲ/
| '''х''' [x] '''хі''' [xʲ]
| rowspan="2" | '''і''' /j/
| '''х''' /x/
| '''хь''' /xʲ/
|-
|-
!colspan=2|Liquid
! Approximant
| '''л''' /l/
| '''ль''' /lʲ/
|
|
| '''р''' [r] '''рі''' [rʲ] || '''л''' [l] '''лі''' [lʲ]
| '''і''' [j]
|
|-
!colspan=2|Click
|
| '''ҭ''' [ǀ] || '''ԯ''' [ǁ]
| '''қ''' [ǂ]
|
|
|-
|-
Line 65: Line 63:


{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
|+Vowel Phonemes
|+Monophthongs
|-
|-
! rowspan=2| Type
! style="width: 3em;" | Type
! colspan=2| Front
! style="width: 3.4em;" | Front
! colspan=2| Back
! style="width: 3.4em;" | Back
|-
!<small>Oral</small>
!<small>Nasal</small>
!<small>Oral</small>
!<small>Nasal</small>
|-
|-
!Close
!Close
| '''и''' [i] ||
| '''и''' /i/
| '''у''' [u] ||
| '''у''' /u/
|-
|-
!Mid
!Mid
| '''е''' [e] || '''ӣ''' [ẽː]
| '''е''' /e/
| '''о''' [o] || '''ӯ''' [õː]
| '''о''' /o/
|-
|-
!Open
!Open
|colspan=4| '''а''' [a]
|colspan=2| '''а''' /a/
|-
|}
|}


{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Diphthongs
|-
!
! colspan="10" | Short
! rowspan="3" style="width: 1.5em;" |
! colspan="10" | Long
|-
! Origin
| style="width: 1.5em;" | æ
| style="width: 1.5em;" | e
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ø
| style="width: 1.5em;" | i
| style="width: 1.5em;" | y
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɑ
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɤ
| style="width: 1.5em;" | o
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɯ
| style="width: 1.5em;" | u
 
| style="width: 1.5em;" | æː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | eː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | øː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | iː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | yː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɑː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɤː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | oː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɯː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | uː
|-
! style="width: 4em;" | Result
| ʲa
| ʲe
| ʲo
| ʲĭ
| ʲŭ
| a
| e
| o
| ĭ
| ŭ
| ʲa
| ʲe
| ʲo
| ʲi
| ʲu
| a
| e
| o
| i
| u
|-
|}
 
 
Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Tones Inferred by Consonants
! style="width: 5em;" | Consonant
! style="width: 5em;" | High
! style="width: 5em;" | Low
|-
! rowspan="5" | Stop
| '''па''' /pá/
| '''ба''' /pà/
|-
| '''та''' /t̪á/
| '''да''' /t̪à/
|-
| '''тьа''' /t̪ʲá/
| '''дьа''' /t̪ʲà/
|-
| '''ка''' /ká/
| '''га''' /kà/
|-
| '''кьа''' /kʲá/
| '''гьа''' /kʲà/
|-
! rowspan="4" | Fricative
| '''са''' /sá/
| —
|-
| '''сьа''' /sʲá/
| —
|-
| '''ха''' /xá/
| —
|-
| '''хьа''' /xʲá/
| —
|-
! rowspan="7" | Sonorant
| —
| '''ма''' /mà/
|-
| —
| '''на''' /n̪à/
|-
| —
| '''ньа''' /n̪ʲà/
|-
| —
| '''ӈа''' /ŋà/
|-
| —
| '''ӈьа''' /ŋʲà/
|-
| —
| '''ла''' /là/
|-
|-
! rowspan=2| Type
| —
! colspan=2| Front
| '''льа''' /lʲà/
! colspan=2| Back
|-
|-
!<small>Oral</small>
! rowspan="2" | Semivowel
!<small>Nasal</small>
| —
!<small>Oral</small>
| '''ва''' /wà/
!<small>Nasal</small>
|-
|-
!Mid-Rising
| —
| '''еі''' [ei̯] || '''ӣі''' [ẽi̯]
| '''іа''' /jà/
| '''оі''' [oi̯] || '''ӯі''' [õi̯]
|-
|-
!Open-Rising
|colspan=4| '''аі''' [ai̯]
|}
|}
Tone possibly indicated on vowels instead:
:'''а́ е́ и́ э́ о́ у́'''
:'''а̀ ѐ ѝ э̀ о̀ у̀'''
Animate:
:''ма̀дсьаі'' "human" [sg], ''???'' "people" [pl]
:''сьо́лаі'' "river" [sg], ''???'' "rivers" [pl]
:''хва́лаі'' "horse" [sg], ''???'' "horses" [pl]
:''кхьва́наі'' "god" [sg], ''???'' "gods" [pl]
:''дэ̀лхаі'' ??? [sg]
Inanimate:
:''сэма́л'' "mountain" [sg], ''сэма̀ль'' "mountains" [pl]
:''сьо́л'' "lake" [sg], ''сьо́ль'' "lakes" [pl]
:''ду̀д'' "house" [sg], ''ду̀дь'' "houses" [pl]
:''мэ́ӈ'' "language" [sg], ''мэ̀ӈь'' "languages" [pl]
===Adjective prefixes===
====Colours====
:''маг-'' "black, dark"
:''ос-'' "white, light"
:''тьил-'' "immoral, wicked, evil"

Latest revision as of 19:03, 25 May 2025

Ossmalic



Ossmalic
мэ́ӈ оссэма́л
Pronounced: [ˈmə́ŋ òs.ˈsmál]
Spoken: Ossmal
Writing system: Sealbone Script
Genealogy: Language isolate
Typology
Morphological type:  ???
Morphosyntactic alignment: ergative-absolutive
Basic word order: VSO
Credits
Creator: Malcolm G. Holborne


28 consonants:

Consonant phonemes of Ossmalic
Labial Coronal Palatal Velar
hard soft hard soft
Nasal м /m/ н /n̪/ нь /n̪ʲ/ ӈ /ŋ/ ӈь /ŋʲ/
Stop п /p/ т /t̪/ ть /t̪ʲ/ к /k/ кь /kʲ/
Fricative в /ʋ/ с /s/ сь /sʲ/ і /j/ х /x/ хь /xʲ/
Approximant л /l/ ль /lʲ/
Monophthongs
Type Front Back
Close и /i/ у /u/
Mid е /e/ о /o/
Open а /a/
Short Long
Origin æ e ø i y ɑ ɤ o ɯ u æː eː øː iː yː ɑː ɤː oː ɯː uː
Result ʲa ʲe ʲo ʲĭ ʲŭ a e o ĭ ŭ ʲa ʲe ʲo ʲi ʲu a e o i u


Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:

Tones Inferred by Consonants
Consonant High Low
Stop па /pá/ ба /pà/
та /t̪á/ да /t̪à/
тьа /t̪ʲá/ дьа /t̪ʲà/
ка /ká/ га /kà/
кьа /kʲá/ гьа /kʲà/
Fricative са /sá/ —
сьа /sʲá/ —
ха /xá/ —
хьа /xʲá/ —
Sonorant — ма /mà/
— на /n̪à/
— ньа /n̪ʲà/
— ӈа /ŋà/
— ӈьа /ŋʲà/
— ла /là/
— льа /lʲà/
Semivowel — ва /wà/
— іа /jà/

Tone possibly indicated on vowels instead:

а́ е́ и́ э́ о́ у́
а̀ ѐ ѝ э̀ о̀ у̀


Animate:

ма̀дсьаі "human" [sg], ??? "people" [pl]
сьо́лаі "river" [sg], ??? "rivers" [pl]
хва́лаі "horse" [sg], ??? "horses" [pl]
кхьва́наі "god" [sg], ??? "gods" [pl]
дэ̀лхаі ??? [sg]

Inanimate:

сэма́л "mountain" [sg], сэма̀ль "mountains" [pl]
сьо́л "lake" [sg], сьо́ль "lakes" [pl]
ду̀д "house" [sg], ду̀дь "houses" [pl]
мэ́ӈ "language" [sg], мэ̀ӈь "languages" [pl]


Adjective prefixes

Colours

маг- "black, dark"
ос- "white, light"
тьил- "immoral, wicked, evil"
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