Proto-Finnic/vocab

The following is a list of old inherited vocabulary in Finnish, as presented by Lauri Hakulinen in Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys. All translations are mine.

Asterisked forms date, per Hakulinen, at least to Late Proto-Finnic, and if bolded, at least to Proto-Finno-Ugric. Better formatting & adjustments to account for later research may be applied later.

Minerals

‌*hopëda 'silver' *kivi 'rock' limsiö 'flint' ‌*teräs 'steel' *vaski 'bronze'

Writing

• kirjoitta- 'to draw signs, to write'
• lukë- 'to count out, to read'

Indo-European loanwords

(this section mostly needs to be integrated with the previous, which according to present understanding contains many loanwords; besides the origin and the semantic field of a word are orthogonal factors)

Old loans

*aivan 'precisely' *arvo 'value' *jüvä 'grain' *kuras 'knife' *mardas 'dead' *mehiläinen 'bee' *meci 'honey' *omëna 'apple' *ora 'thorn' *oras 'awn' *oras 'boar' *orja 'slave' *orpoi 'orphan' *osa 'share, part' *osta- 'to buy' *pata 'pot' *petkel 'pestle' *piimä 'milk' *porsas 'pig' *sarajas 'ocean' *sarvi 'horn' *sata '100' *sini 'blueness' *suka 'brush' *soola 'salt' *tarna 'sedge' *taivas 'heaven' *terni '__' *udar 'udder' *vanko 'bar' *varsa 'foal' *vasa 'calf' *vasara 'hammer' *vermen 'skin' *vermes 'clothing' *viherä 'green' *viha 'hatred'

Germanic loans

Metals

kulta 'gold' kupari 'copper' rauta 'iron' tina 'tin'

Slavic loans

Christianity

kuoma 'fellow, godparent' pakana 'pagan' pappi 'priest' risti 'cross' suntio 'sexton'

Clothing

kaatiot kassa 'hair' kasukka saapas 'boot' viitta 'cloak' virsu 'birch-bark shoe'

Tools

ahrain ies 'yoke' kassara katiska luokka ojas pilkki taltta 'chisel' tappara 'halberd' telso

Agriculture

naatti 'leaves of a root vegetable' papu 'bean' seuna 'firewood for slash-and-burning' sirppi 'scythe' taro 'populated region'

Cuisine

lusikka 'spoon' piirakka 'pie' ravitse- 'to nourish' talkkuna 'roasted flour'

Measures & trade

karpio 'unit of volume' määrä 'amount' virsta 'verst' tavara 'ware' turku 'market'

Others

apea 'sad' hurtta 'hound' kutri 'lock of hair' miero 'poverty' mietti- 'to think' muokkaa- 'to work, edit smth' palsta '(p)lot' pirkka raamattu 'book; the bible' raja 'border' raaskia, raatsia 'to bother' ruoska 'flail' räähkä 'sin' suunta 'direction' sääli 'pity' tuhkuri 'mink, ferret' tuska 'agony' tuuma 'thought' tuumia 'to think' urakka 'job' vaino 'oppression' vainu 'sniff of smth' vapaa 'free' vari 'hot water' varpunen 'sparrow' velho 'wizard' vihta 'whisk made of birch twigs'