Sound Changes in Imperial Languages (Empire-in-the-West): Difference between revisions

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* Diphthong: /ai au/ ai au
* Diphthong: /ai au/ ai au


== Developments ==
Symbols:
Symbols:
* E= ṭ, q, ḍ, ḡ, ṭh, qh
* E= ṭ, q, ḍ, ḡ, ṭh, qh
* V=any vowel
* V=any vowel
* C=any consonant
* C=any consonant
===To Classical===
 
# '''Monophthongization'''a) ai → ɛː b) au → ɔː
==I. Developments in Late Archaic==
# '''Emphasis spreading'''a) i → e b)a → ɑ c) u → o d) iː → eː e)aː → ɑː f) uː → oː/when E in same word
===Consonants===
# '''De-emphasis'''a) tˤ → t b) dˤ → d c) sˤ → s d) zˤ → z
# l>ɫ/[+emph]
# '''Stop assimilation'''[stop] → [α Place]/_[α Place stop]
# f s sˤ x χ>[+voice]/V_C[+voice], V_V[-stress]
# '''Voiced fricative elision'''{v z ɣ} → ː/V_C
# h>0/V_C[+voice], V_V[-stress]
# '''/r/ allophony'''a)r → ɹ/V_ b)r → ɾ/elsewhere c) rr → r
# tˤ dˤ sˤ>{t d s}
# '''Intervocalic fricative lentition'''a)z → ɹ/V_V[-stress], V_C b)ɣ → j/V_V[-stress], V_C c)v → ʊ/V_V[-stress], V_C
# q>ʔ
# '''Coronal assimilation'''[Coronal] → α/_[α Coronal]
# ʔ>q/#_
#'''Trisyllabic elision''' a)'CVCVCV → 'CVCV:
 
# '''Atonic reduction'''a) u, o → ʊ/[-stress]# b)e, a → ə/[-stress]# c)i → ɨ/[-stress]
===Vowels===
# iː uː> əi əu/E_
Emphasis spreading:
# i u a> e o ɑ/[+emph]
# iː uː aː> eː oː ɑː/[+emph]
Diphthongs:
# ai au> əi əu/_[-voice]
# ai au> ɛː ɔː/_[+voice]
# ai au> ajə awə/_#
# V>ə/[-stress]_{# l r}
 
==II. Developments to Classical==
 
===Consonants===
# p t k> pʰ tʰ kʰ/_V[+stress]
# p t k> f θ x/V_V[-stress]
# b d g> β ð ɣ/V_V
# χ> ʜ
# ɢ> q/#_
# ɢ> ʢ
# Cː>C
# k g x> kʲ gʲ xʲ/_i(ː)
 
===Vowels===
# i u> ɪ ʊ
# e o> e o
# æ ɑ> ɛ ɔ
# uː oː ɔː ɑː> yː uː oː ɔː
 
==III. Developments to Late Classical==
 
===Consonants===
# kʲ gʲ xʲ> ʧ ʤ ʃ
# ɣ> w/V[+back]_
# ɣ> j/V[+front]_
# ð> j
# β> w
# C> Cʲ/_i(ː)
# C> Cʷ_u(ː)
# C> Cˠ/_a
 
===Vowels===
# ə>0
# V>0/C_C


=Classical Imperial=
=Classical Imperial=

Revision as of 09:03, 14 March 2008

Archaic Imperial

Initial Phonemic Inventory

Consonants

POA Labials Dentals Emphatics Velars Uvulars Glottals
Tenuis stops p /p/ t /t/ ṭ /tˤ/ k /k/ q /q/ ? /ʔ/
Lenis stops b /b/ d /d/ ḍ /dˤ/ g /g/ ǵ /ɢ/
Fricatives f /f/ s /s/ ṣ /sˤ/ x /x/ ḥ /χ/ h /h/
Nasals m /m/ n /n/
Liquids l /l/, r /r/
Glides y /j/ w /w/

Vowels

  • Short: /i a u/ i a u
  • Long: /iː aː uː/ ī ā ū
  • Diphthong: /ai au/ ai au

Symbols:

  • E= ṭ, q, ḍ, ḡ, ṭh, qh
  • V=any vowel
  • C=any consonant

I. Developments in Late Archaic

Consonants

  1. l>ɫ/[+emph]
  2. f s sˤ x χ>[+voice]/V_C[+voice], V_V[-stress]
  3. h>0/V_C[+voice], V_V[-stress]
  4. tˤ dˤ sˤ>{t d s}
  5. q>ʔ
  6. ʔ>q/#_

Vowels

  1. iː uː> əi əu/E_

Emphasis spreading:

  1. i u a> e o ɑ/[+emph]
  2. iː uː aː> eː oː ɑː/[+emph]

Diphthongs:

  1. ai au> əi əu/_[-voice]
  2. ai au> ɛː ɔː/_[+voice]
  3. ai au> ajə awə/_#
  4. V>ə/[-stress]_{# l r}

II. Developments to Classical

Consonants

  1. p t k> pʰ tʰ kʰ/_V[+stress]
  2. p t k> f θ x/V_V[-stress]
  3. b d g> β ð ɣ/V_V
  4. χ> ʜ
  5. ɢ> q/#_
  6. ɢ> ʢ
  7. Cː>C
  8. k g x> kʲ gʲ xʲ/_i(ː)

Vowels

  1. i u> ɪ ʊ
  2. e o> e o
  3. æ ɑ> ɛ ɔ
  4. uː oː ɔː ɑː> yː uː oː ɔː

III. Developments to Late Classical

Consonants

  1. kʲ gʲ xʲ> ʧ ʤ ʃ
  2. ɣ> w/V[+back]_
  3. ɣ> j/V[+front]_
  4. ð> j
  5. β> w
  6. C> Cʲ/_i(ː)
  7. C> Cʷ_u(ː)
  8. C> Cˠ/_a

Vowels

  1. ə>0
  2. V>0/C_C

Classical Imperial

Modern Standard Imperial

Advanced Capital Imperial

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