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| {{main|Höśikə}}
| | ===Interrogative pronouns=== |
| This page gives an extensive description of '''Höśikə morphological''' features.
| | Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots: |
| ==Nouns== | |
| Nouns in Höśikə language can end either in a vowel or in a consonant, although there is a marked tendency for the vocalic ending. Nouns ending in a consonant usually add a euphonic vowel before the normal declension endings.
| |
|
| |
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| Nouns display neither gender nor class distinction. Nouns are divided and categorized in six declension groups, each distinguished by the plural formation and the last phoneme of the word.
| | *<small>''quality'':</small> '''ṫjejm-''' |
| | *<small>''quantity'':</small> '''sjowp-''' |
|
| |
|
| There are, moreover, two morphological numbers for almost all nouns, '''singular''' and '''plural''', and a limited case system. Nouns also display two forms, the '''indefinite form''' and the '''definite form''', the latter being built by adding the ''postposed definite article''.
| | When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix '''-e-'''. |
|
| |
|
| ===Cases===
| | '''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-e-''' → '''ṫjejme''' |
| Höśikə nouns do decline, according to a ''nominative-accusative'' system with '''2 cases''':
| | <small>''interr.'' → ''what?, who?''</small> |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 110px;"| <center>''Case''</center> || <center>''Meaning''</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | '''Direct''' || <small>This case marks both the subject and the direct object of a verb. It can be also used with some prepositions. It is regarded as the base form of the noun, and it is used as the vocative form.</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| | '''Oblique''' || <small>It has no specifical meaning and it is generally used only with prepositions. It can be occasionally used without prepositions, with some verbs, and it may mark the indirect object in some kinds of pronouns.</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ===Articles===
| |
| There is only one article, the '''definite article''', which is placed after the first element in the noun cluster as a suffixal form. It agrees with the noun cluster only in number.
| |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-žə / -ɛž</center> || <center>-žõ</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| In the singular direct case two forms of the article are listed. The choice between the two forms depends on the last phoneme of the definite word:
| |
| *žə is placed after a word ending with a vowel.
| |
| *ɛž is placed after a word ending with a consonant.
| |
| | |
| A noun or another element with the definite article attached is regarded as being in its ''definite form''. A noun or another element without the article is regarded as being in its ''indefinite form''.
| |
| | |
| When a noun cluster has more than one element, the article is attached only to the first element. Other elements remain in their indefinite form.
| |
| | |
| kɛvə - kɛvəžə
| |
| <small>a wolf - the wolf</small>
| |
| | |
| ruqažə qokjə rimusjyti
| |
| <small>the good old shepherd</small>
| |
| | |
| ===Noun declension===
| |
| Nouns are divided in six groups for nominal declension. These groups are commonly called '''declensions'''. Such declensions are distinguished by the last phoneme of the singular direct case form, by the formation of plural forms and by the added phonemes within the declension process.
| |
| | |
| As a whole, plural formation is marked by nasalisation of the last vocalic phoneme. Some declension are further divided in subgroups.
| |
| | |
| Nouns are declined, moreover, in case by adding the following endings to the base form of the noun:
| |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''direct''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"| -
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''oblique''</small></center> || -šy
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ====First declension====
| |
| First declension nouns end in a ''simple vowel'' in their base form.
| |
| | |
| This vowel is ''nasalized'' in the plural forms, but it remains unaffected in its quality in both case and plural formation. All patterns involve, thus, a ''single vowel'':
| |
| | |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''base''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''singular oblique''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-a</center> || <center>-a</center> || <center>-ã</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-ä</center> || <center>-ä</center> || <center>-ä̃</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-ɛ</center> || <center>-ɛ</center> || <center>-ɛ̃</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-o</center> || <center>-o</center> || <center>-õ</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-ö</center> || <center>-ö</center> || <center>-ö̃</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-u</center> || <center>-u</center> || <center>-ũ</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-ü</center> || <center>-ü</center> || <center>-ü̃</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Example: sopa, ''dog''.
| |
| | |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | || colspan="2" | <center><small>''singular''</small></center> || colspan="2" | <center><small>''plural''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''indefinite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''definite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''indefinite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''definite''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''direct''</small></center> || sopa || sopažə || sopã || sopãžõ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''oblique''</small></center> || sopašy || sopašyžə || sopãšy || sopãšyžõ
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ====Second declension====
| |
| Second declension nouns end in a ''simple vowel'' in their base form.
| |
| | |
| This vowel is ''nasalized'' in the plural forms, and it undergoes some kind of alteration in quality in either case or plural formation.
| |
| | |
| =====Subgroup A=====
| |
| The final vowel remains unaffected in quality in the singular, but it undergoes a change in quality in the plural, together with nasalisation. All patterns involve, thus, ''two vowels'':
| |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''base''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''singular oblique''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-i</center> || <center>-i</center> || <center>-ỹ</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Example: čeri, ''bridge''.
| |
| | |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | || colspan="2" | <center><small>''singular''</small></center> || colspan="2" | <center><small>''plural''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''indefinite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''definite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''indefinite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''definite''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''direct''</small></center> || čeri || čerižə || čerỹ || čerỹžõ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''oblique''</small></center> || čerišy || čerišyžə || čerỹšy || čerỹšyžõ
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| =====Subgroup B=====
| |
| The final vowel rundergoes a change in quality both in the singular and in the plural, together with nasalisation. All patterns involve, thus, ''two vowels'':
| |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''base''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''singular oblique''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-ə</center> || <center>-o</center> || <center>-õ</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-y</center> || <center>-u</center> || <center>-ũ</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Example: ɛcə, ''year''.
| |
| | |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | || colspan="2" | <center><small>''singular''</small></center> || colspan="2" | <center><small>''plural''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''indefinite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''definite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''indefinite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''definite''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''direct''</small></center> || ɛcə || ɛcəžə || ɛcõ || ɛcõžõ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''oblique''</small></center> || ɛcošy || ɛcošyžə || ɛcõšy || ɛcõšyžõ
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| =====Subgroup C=====
| |
| The final vowel (<small>usually preceded by the semivowel -j-</small>) undergoes a first change in quality in the singular, then it undergoes a further change and in the plural, together with nasalisation. All patterns involve, thus, ''three vowels'':
| |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''base''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''singular oblique''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-ə</center> || <center>-e</center> || <center>-ỹ</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Example: ħukjə, ''bear''.
| |
| | |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | || colspan="2" | <center><small>''singular''</small></center> || colspan="2" | <center><small>''plural''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''indefinite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''definite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''indefinite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''definite''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''direct''</small></center> || ħukjə || ħukjəžə || ħukjỹ || ħukjỹžõ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''oblique''</small></center> || ħukješy || ħukješyžə || ħukjỹšy || ħukjỹšyžõ
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| ====Third declension====
| | When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix '''-i-'''. |
| Third declension nouns end in a ''consonant'' in their base form.
| |
|
| |
|
| A vowel is added withing declension. This vowel is ''nasalized'' in the plural forms, and it may undergo some kind of alteration in quality in either case or plural formation.
| | '''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-i-''' → '''ṫjejmi''' |
| | | <small>''interr.'' → ''which?''</small> |
| =====Subgroup A=====
| |
| The vowel -ɛ- is added. This vowel is ''nasalized'' in the plural forms, but it remains unaffected in its quality in both case and plural formation. All patterns involve, thus, a ''single vowel'':
| |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''base''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''singular oblique''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-</center> || <center>-ɛ</center> || <center>-ɛ̃</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| Example: uħetnỹm, ''stylus''.
| | As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun. |
|
| |
|
| {|- | | {|- |
| |- | | |- |
| | || colspan="2" | <center><small>''singular''</small></center> || colspan="2" | <center><small>''plural''</small></center> | | | || colspan="2" | <center>''who? / what?''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''how much? / how many?''</center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''indefinite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''definite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''indefinite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''definite''</small></center> | | | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center><small>''direct''</small></center> || uħetnỹm || uħetnỹmɛž || uħetnỹmɛ̃ || uħetnỹmɛ̃žõ | | | <center><small>''ergative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmek̇ə''' || '''ṫjejmejk̇ə''' || '''sjowpek̇ə''' || '''sjowpejk̇ə''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center><small>''oblique''</small></center> || uħetnỹmɛšy || uħetnỹmɛšyžə || uħetnỹmɛ̃šy || uħetnỹmɛ̃šyžõ | | | <center><small>''absolutive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejme''' || '''ṫjejmej''' || '''sjowpe''' || '''sjowpej''' |
| |}
| |
| | |
| =====Subgroup B=====
| |
| The vowel -e- is added. This vowel undergoes a change in quality and it is ''nasalized'' in the plural forms. All patterns involve, thus, ''two vowels'':
| |
| {|-
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''base''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''singular oblique''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
| | | <center><small>''possessive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeṗu''' || '''ṫjejmejṗu''' || '''sjowpeṗu''' || '''sjowpejṗu''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center>-</center> || <center>-e</center> || <center>-ỹ</center> | | | <center><small>''terminative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʈu''' || '''ṫjejmejʈu''' || '''sjowpeʈu''' || '''sjowpejʈu''' |
| |- | | |- |
| |} | | | <center><small>''ablative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʡo''' || '''ṫjejmejʡo''' || '''sjowpeʡo''' || '''sjowpejʡo''' |
| | |
| Example: büts, ''leg''.
| |
| | |
| {|-
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | || colspan="2" | <center><small>''singular''</small></center> || colspan="2" | <center><small>''plural''</small></center>
| | | <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeno''' || '''ṫjejmejno''' || '''sjowpeno''' || '''sjowpejno''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''indefinite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''definite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''indefinite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''definite''</small></center>
| | | <center><small>''benefactive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmepə''' || '''ṫjejmejpə''' || '''sjowpepə''' || '''sjowpejpə''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center><small>''direct''</small></center> || büts || bütsɛž || bütsỹ || bütsỹžõ | | | <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmema''' || '''ṫjejmejma''' || '''sjowpema''' || '''sjowpejma''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | <center><small>''oblique''</small></center> || bütsešy || bütsešyžə || bütsỹšy || bütsỹšyžõ | | | <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmewa''' || '''ṫjejmejwa''' || '''sjowpewa''' || '''sjowpejwa''' |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
|
| ====Fourth declension====
| | The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case: |
| Fourth declension nouns end in a ''nasal vowel'' in their base form.
| |
| | |
| This vowel remains ''unaffected'' in quality and nasalisation in both case and plural formation. All patterns involve, thus, a ''single vowel'':
| |
| | |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''base''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''singular oblique''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-ã</center> || <center>-ã</center> || <center>-ã</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-ä̃</center> || <center>-ä̃</center> || <center>-ä̃</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-ɛ̃</center> || <center>-ɛ̃</center> || <center>-ɛ̃</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-ə̃</center> || <center>-ə̃</center> || <center>-ə̃</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-õ</center> || <center>-õ</center> || <center>-õ</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-ö̃</center> || <center>-ö̃</center> || <center>-ö̃</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-ũ</center> || <center>-ũ</center> || <center>-ũ</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-ü̃</center> || <center>-ü̃</center> || <center>-ü̃</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-ỹ</center> || <center>-ỹ</center> || <center>-ỹ</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Example: śuqɛ̃, ''woman''.
| |
| | |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | || colspan="2" | <center><small>''singular''</small></center> || colspan="2" | <center><small>''plural''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''indefinite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''definite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''indefinite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''definite''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''direct''</small></center> || śuqɛ̃ || śuqɛ̃žə || śuqɛ̃ || śuqɛ̃žõ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''oblique''</small></center> || śuqɛ̃šy || śuqɛ̃šyžə || śuqɛ̃šy || śuqɛ̃šyžõ
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| As it can be easily noticed, nouns belonging to this declension do not actually distinguish the singular the plural number in their indefinite form. In such cases, distinction in number is made by other elements in the sentence, like adjectives or verbs.
| |
| | |
| śuqɛ̃ cöraq - śuqɛ̃ cöraqõ
| |
| <small>a woman is running - some women are running</small>
| |
| | |
| ====Fifth declension====
| |
| Fifth declension nouns end in a ''nasal vowel'' in their base form.
| |
| | |
| This vowel remains ''unaffected'' in nasalisation in the plural, but it undergoes a change in quality in case formation in the singular. All patterns involve, thus, ''two vowels'':
| |
| | |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''base''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''singular oblique''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-ẽ</center> || <center>-ẽ</center> || <center>-ỹ</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center>-ĩ</center> || <center>-ĩ</center> || <center>-ỹ</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Example: rjeħẽ, ''river''.
| |
| | |
| {|-
| |
| |-
| |
| | || colspan="2" | <center><small>''singular''</small></center> || colspan="2" | <center><small>''plural''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''indefinite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''definite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''indefinite''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''definite''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''direct''</small></center> || rjeħẽ || rjeħẽžə || rjeħỹ || rjeħỹžõ
| |
| |-
| |
| | <center><small>''oblique''</small></center> || rjeħẽšy || rjeħẽšyžə || rjeħỹšy || rjeħỹšyžõ
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ====Sixth declension====
| |
| Sixth declension nouns do not display a regular declension pattern. This conjugation encompasses every noun which does not fit in the previous regular declensions.
| |
| | |
| Since it does not display a default pattern, the few sixth declension nouns are regarded as inherently ''irregular''. The indefinite singular oblique form and the indefinite direct plural form are clearly mentioned in the dictionary.
| |
| | |
| ==Adjectives and pronouns==
| |
| Adjectives closely resemble the noun form, usually showing the same exceptions of nouns. Pronouns, instead, may exhibit different forms in the root form.
| |
| ===Adjectives===
| |
| Attributive adjectives are always placed '''before''' the nouns they specify, while predicative adjectives are always placed ''after'' them of after the verb.
| |
| | |
| höpäžə jyrə
| |
| <small>the young man</small>
| |
| | |
| jyrəžə qɛň höpä
| |
| <small>the man is young</small>
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| All adjectives agree in case and number with the noun they specify, being declined with the nominal endings and folliwing the same declension groups of the nominal declension. Within the noun cluster they can take the definite form, if they are the first element in a definite noun cluster.
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| rjeqəžə sovə h́äc höpäšyžə jyrošy mjeqis qü̃ pikə ɛci
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| <small>the young man’s new house is located in the nearby village</small>
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| ====Declension of qualifying adjectives====
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| Adjectival declension follow the same rules as the nominal declension, with the same exceptions.
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| Example: šɔrəj, ''big'', with hɔgo, ''house''
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| {|-
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| | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 150px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center>
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| | <center><small>''direct''</small></center> || šɔrəj hɔgo || šɔrəjno hɔgono
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| | <center><small>''oblique''</small></center> || šɔrəjre hɔgore || šɔrəjnure hɔgonure
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| |}
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| ===Personal pronouns===
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| Personal pronouns feature a distinction between two forms for the direct case. The first form (<small>named ''direct<sub><small>1</small></sub>''</small>) is used as the subject of the clauses, for every kind of verbs. The second form (<small>named ''direct<sub><small>2</small></sub>''</small>) is used as the direct object of the clause, for transitive verbs, and with every preposition requiring the direct case.
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| Moreover, the first two persons (1<sup><small>st</small></sup> and 2<sup><small>nd</small></sup>) have two different roots, exhibiting thus a mixed declension. On the other hand, the 3<sup><small>rd</small></sup>person has only one root, displaying, however, a similar irregular declension.
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| {|-
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| | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> sing.''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> sing.''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> sing.''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> plur.''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> plur.''</small></center> || style="width: 80px;"|<center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> plur.''</small></center>
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| | <center><small>''direct<sub><small>1</small></sub>''</small></center> || ɔddo || əjddo || ježlo || ɔdduno || əjdduno || ježluno
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| | <center><small>''direct<sub><small>2</small></sub>''</small></center> || ho || ne || ješ || huno || neno || ježno
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| | <center><small>''oblique''</small></center> || hore || nere || ježre || hunure || nenure || ježnure
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| |}
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| When used alone, the forms for the direct and indirect object tend to be placed before the conjugated verb in the sentence. Their positioning after the verb is regarded as a marked position.
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| Examples:
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| ɔddo ješ ejjužejdo əjs
| | * '''ṫjejmewa''': where (<small>static location</small>) |
| <small>I didn't see him</small>
| | * '''ṫjejmeʈu''': where (<small>motion toward</small>) |
| | * '''ṫjejmeno ''': why (<small>cause</small>) |
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| ɔddo ejjužejdo əjs ješ
| | These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns: |
| <small>As for him, I didn't see him</small>
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| Anyway, these pronouns are placed after the negative adverbs.
| | * '''ṫjejmewa weʡewa''': in which place (<small>static location</small>) |
| | * '''ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu''': in which place (<small>motion toward</small>) |
