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| ===Conjugation of regular verbs=== | | ===Interrogative pronouns=== |
| Sample verbs: märose, ''to see'' (1<sup><small>st</small></sup> conjugation), pöħuse, ''to establish'' (2<sup><small>nd</small></sup> conjugation), giɕëse, ''to pretend'' (3<sup><small>rd</small></sup> conjugation), hëhɑse, ''to happen, to occur'' (4<sup><small>th</small></sup> conjugation), pɑse, ''to shine'' (5<sup><small>th</small></sup> conjugation).
| | Basic interrogative pronouns display two different roots: |
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| |
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| Each conjugation features a typical identifying thematic vowel, which, however, do not recur in the different tenses:
| | *<small>''quality'':</small> '''ṫjejm-''' |
| | *<small>''quantity'':</small> '''sjowp-''' |
|
| |
|
| {|
| | When taking a noun role, the root is usually expanded by the nominal suffix '''-e-'''. |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 120px;"| ''1<sup><small>st</small></sup> conjugation:'' || style="width: 70px;"| <center>-o-</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''2<sup><small>nd</small></sup> conjugation:'' || <center>-u-</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''3<sup><small>rd</small></sup> conjugation:'' || <center>-ë-</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''4<sup><small>th</small></sup> conjugation:'' || <center>-ɑ-</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''5<sup><small>th</small></sup> conjugation:'' || <center>-</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| The fifth conjugation is regarded as inherently irregular and features no typical thematic vowel. All verbs belonging to this conjugation are irregularly conjugated. The following example for this conjugation is only for illustrative purpose and cannot be taken as a proper conjugation template.
| |
|
| |
|
| ====Indicative mood====
| | '''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-e-''' → '''ṫjejme''' |
| | | <small>''interr.'' → ''what?, who?''</small> |
| =====Present tense=====
| |
| The '''present''' tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | || <center>-ü-</center> || <center>-ü-</center> || <center>-y-</center> || <center>-y-</center> || <center>(<small>''various'')</small></center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märüm</center> || <center>pöħüm</center> || <center>giɕym</center> || <center>hëhym</center> || <center>pöm</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märüd</center> || <center>pöħüd</center> || <center>giɕyd</center> || <center>hëhyd</center> || <center>pöd</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märüg</center> || <center>pöħüg</center> || <center>giɕyg</center> || <center>hëhyg</center> || <center>pög</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märümy</center> || <center>pöħümy</center> || <center>giɕymy</center> || <center>hëhymy</center> || <center>pömy</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märüdy</center> || <center>pöħüdy</center> || <center>giɕydy</center> || <center>hëhydy</center> || <center>pödy</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märügy</center> || <center>pöħügy</center> || <center>giɕygy</center> || <center>hëhygy</center> || <center>pögy</center>
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| =====Imperfect tense=====
| | When taking an adjective role, the root is usually expanded by the adjectival suffix '''-i-'''. |
| The '''imperfect''' tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes:
| |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | '''ṫjejm-''' → '''ṫjejm-''' + '''-i-''' → '''ṫjejmi''' |
| |-
| | <small>''interr.'' → ''which?''</small> |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | || <center>-o-</center> || <center>-o-</center> || <center>-ë-</center> || <center>-ɑ-</center> || <center>(<small>''various'')</small></center>
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:
| | As pronouns, these forms display a complete declension, in which the case forms according to the animacy of the referred noun. |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable" | | {|- |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> | | | || colspan="2" | <center>''who? / what?''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''how much? / how many?''</center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märom</center> || <center>pöħom</center> || <center>giɕëm</center> || <center>hëhɑm</center> || <center>pɑm</center> | | | style="width: 100px;"| || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''singular''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"|<center><small>''plural''</small></center> |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märod</center> || <center>pöħod</center> || <center>giɕëd</center> || <center>hëhɑd</center> || <center>pɑd</center> | | | <center><small>''ergative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmek̇ə''' || '''ṫjejmejk̇ə''' || '''sjowpek̇ə''' || '''sjowpejk̇ə''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märog</center> || <center>pöħog</center> || <center>giɕëg</center> || <center>hëhɑg</center> || <center>pɑg</center> | | | <center><small>''absolutive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejme''' || '''ṫjejmej''' || '''sjowpe''' || '''sjowpej''' |
| |- | |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märomy</center> || <center>pöħomy</center> || <center>giɕëmy</center> || <center>hëhɑmy</center> || <center>pɑmy</center> | |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märody</center> || <center>pöħody</center> || <center>giɕëdy</center> || <center>hëhɑdy</center> || <center>pɑdy</center> | | | <center><small>''possessive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeṗu''' || '''ṫjejmejṗu''' || '''sjowpeṗu''' || '''sjowpejṗu''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märogy</center> || <center>pöħogy</center> || <center>giɕëgy</center> || <center>hëhɑgy</center> || <center>pɑgy</center> | | | <center><small>''terminative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʈu''' || '''ṫjejmejʈu''' || '''sjowpeʈu''' || '''sjowpejʈu''' |
| |} | |
| | |
| =====Past tense=====
| |
| The '''past''' tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center>
| | | <center><small>''ablative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeʡo''' || '''ṫjejmejʡo''' || '''sjowpeʡo''' || '''sjowpejʡo''' |
| |-
| |
| | || <center>-ɑ-</center> || <center>-ë-</center> || <center>-ä-</center> || <center>-ü-</center> || <center>(<small>''various'')</small></center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märɑm</center> || <center>pöħëm</center> || <center>giɕäm</center> || <center>hëhüm</center> || <center>pam</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märɑd</center> || <center>pöħëd</center> || <center>giɕäd</center> || <center>hëhüd</center> || <center>pad</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märɑg</center> || <center>pöħëg</center> || <center>giɕäg</center> || <center>hëhüg</center> || <center>pag</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märɑmy</center> || <center>pöħëmy</center> || <center>giɕämy</center> || <center>hëhümy</center> || <center>pamy</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märɑdy</center> || <center>pöħëdy</center> || <center>giɕädy</center> || <center>hëhüdy</center> || <center>pady</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märɑgy</center> || <center>pöħëgy</center> || <center>giɕägy</center> || <center>hëhügy</center> || <center>pagy</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| =====Pluperfect tense=====
| |
| The '''pluperfect''' tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | || <center>-ë-</center> || <center>-y-</center> || <center>-ö-</center> || <center>-ë-</center> || <center>(<small>''various'')</small></center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märëm</center> || <center>pöħym</center> || <center>giɕöm</center> || <center>hëhëm</center> || <center>pom</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märëd</center> || <center>pöħyd</center> || <center>giɕöd</center> || <center>hëhëd</center> || <center>pod</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märëg</center> || <center>pöħyg</center> || <center>giɕög</center> || <center>hëhëg</center> || <center>pog</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märëmy</center> || <center>pöħymy</center> || <center>giɕömy</center> || <center>hëhëmy</center> || <center>pomy</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märëdy</center> || <center>pöħydy</center> || <center>giɕödy</center> || <center>hëhëdy</center> || <center>pody</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märëgy</center> || <center>pöħygy</center> || <center>giɕögy</center> || <center>hëhëgy</center> || <center>pogy</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| =====Future tense=====
| |
| The '''future''' tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | || <center>-u-</center> || <center>-u-</center> || <center>-u-</center> || <center>-u-</center> || <center>(<small>''various'')</small></center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märum</center> || <center>pöħum</center> || <center>giɕum</center> || <center>hëhum</center> || <center>pum</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märud</center> || <center>pöħud</center> || <center>giɕud</center> || <center>hëhud</center> || <center>pud</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märug</center> || <center>pöħug</center> || <center>giɕug</center> || <center>hëhug</center> || <center>pug</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märumy</center> || <center>pöħumy</center> || <center>giɕumy</center> || <center>hëhumy</center> || <center>pumy</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märudy</center> || <center>pöħudy</center> || <center>giɕudy</center> || <center>hëhudy</center> || <center>pudy</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märugy</center> || <center>pöħugy</center> || <center>giɕugy</center> || <center>hëhugy</center> || <center>pugy</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| =====Anterior future tense=====
| |
| The '''anterior future''' tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes (<small>being these the same as the suffixes of the pluperfect tense with an additional -w-</small>):
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | || <center>-ëw-</center> || <center>-yw-</center> || <center>-öw-</center> || <center>-ëw-</center> || <center>-(<small>''various'')</small>w-</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märëwm</center> || <center>pöħywm</center> || <center>giɕöwm</center> || <center>hëhëwm</center> || <center>powm</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märëwd</center> || <center>pöħywd</center> || <center>giɕöwd</center> || <center>hëhëwd</center> || <center>powd</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märëwg</center> || <center>pöħywg</center> || <center>giɕöwg</center> || <center>hëhëwg</center> || <center>powg</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märëwmy</center> || <center>pöħywmy</center> || <center>giɕöwmy</center> || <center>hëhëwmy</center> || <center>powmy</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märëwdy</center> || <center>pöħywdy</center> || <center>giɕöwdy</center> || <center>hëhëwdy</center> || <center>powdy</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märëwgy</center> || <center>pöħywgy</center> || <center>giɕöwgy</center> || <center>hëhëwgy</center> || <center>powgy</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| =====Future in the past tense=====
| |
| The '''future in the past''' tense features the following tense vocalic suffixes (<small>being these the same as the suffixes of the past tense with an additional -w-</small>):
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | || <center>-ɑw-</center> || <center>-ëw-</center> || <center>-äw-</center> || <center>-üw-</center> || <center>-(<small>''various'')</small>w-</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| The personal endings are added to the vocalic tense suffixes:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märɑwm</center> || <center>pöħëwm</center> || <center>giɕäwm</center> || <center>hëhüwm</center> || <center>pawm</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märɑwd</center> || <center>pöħëwd</center> || <center>giɕäwd</center> || <center>hëhüwd</center> || <center>pawd</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> sing.</small>'' || <center>märɑwg</center> || <center>pöħëwg</center> || <center>giɕäwg</center> || <center>hëhüwg</center> || <center>pawg</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>1<sup>st</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märɑwmy</center> || <center>pöħëwmy</center> || <center>giɕäwmy</center> || <center>hëhüwmy</center> || <center>pawmy</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>2<sup>nd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märɑwdy</center> || <center>pöħëwdy</center> || <center>giɕäwdy</center> || <center>hëhüwdy</center> || <center>pawdy</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>3<sup>rd</sup> plur.</small>'' || <center>märɑwgy</center> || <center>pöħëwgy</center> || <center>giɕäwgy</center> || <center>hëhüwgy</center> || <center>pawgy</center> | |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ====Non-finite forms====
| |
| The non-finite verbal forms are:
| |
| | |
| =====Infinitive=====
| |
| The '''infinitive''' features the following vocalic suffixes:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |- | |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 100px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | || <center>-o-</center> || <center>-ü-</center> || <center>-ë-</center> || <center>-ɑ-</center> || <center>(<small>''various'')</small></center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| The infinitival ending is added to the vocalic tense suffixes:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | || <center>märose</center> || <center>pöħuse</center> || <center>giɕëse</center> || <center>hëhɑse</center> || <center>pɑse</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| The infinitive is a nominal form of a verb. It is used as a verbal noun in sentences, and it can be declined. It is regarded as a class II noun.
| |
| | |
| =====Active participle=====
| |
| The '''active participle''' displays four tenses: ''present'', ''imperfect'', ''past'', and ''future''. They are built by adding the participial suffix -ty to the typical vocalic suffix of each tense:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>present</small>'' || <center>märüty</center> || <center>pöħüty</center> || <center>giɕyty</center> || <center>hëhyty</center> || <center>pöty</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>imperfect</small>'' || <center>märoty</center> || <center>pöħoty</center> || <center>giɕëty</center> || <center>hëhɑty</center> || <center>pɑty</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>past</small>'' || <center>märɑty</center> || <center>pöħëty</center> || <center>giɕäty</center> || <center>hëhüty</center> || <center>paty</center>
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''<small>future</small>'' || <center>märuty</center> || <center>pöħuty</center> || <center>giɕuty</center> || <center>hëhuty</center> || <center>puty</center>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| The agentive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which actively perform an action.
| |
| | |
| As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun.
| |
| | |
| =====Passive participle=====
| |
| The '''passive participle''' displays four tenses: ''present'', ''imperfect'', ''past'', and ''future''. They are built by adding the participial suffix -ňi to the typical vocalic suffix of each tense:
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''1<sup>st</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''2<sup>nd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''3<sup>rd</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''4<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''5<sup>th</sup> conjug.''</small></center>
| | | <center><small>''causative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmeno''' || '''ṫjejmejno''' || '''sjowpeno''' || '''sjowpejno''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>present</small>'' || <center>märüňi</center> || <center>pöħüňi</center> || <center>giɕyňi</center> || <center>hëhyňi</center> || <center>pöňi</center> | | | <center><small>''benefactive''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmepə''' || '''ṫjejmejpə''' || '''sjowpepə''' || '''sjowpejpə''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>imperfect</small>'' || <center>märoňi</center> || <center>pöħoňi</center> || <center>giɕëňi</center> || <center>hëhɑňi</center> || <center>pɑňi</center> | | | <center><small>''instrumental''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmema''' || '''ṫjejmejma''' || '''sjowpema''' || '''sjowpejma''' |
| |- | | |- |
| | ''<small>past</small>'' || <center>märɑňi</center> || <center>pöħëňi</center> || <center>giɕäňi</center> || <center>hëhüňi</center> || <center>paňi</center> | | | <center><small>''locative''</small></center> || '''ṫjejmewa''' || '''ṫjejmejwa''' || '''sjowpewa''' || '''sjowpejwa''' |
| |- | |
| | ''<small>future</small>'' || <center>märuňi</center> || <center>pöħuňi</center> || <center>giɕuňi</center> || <center>hëhuňi</center> || <center>puňi</center> | |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
|
| The passive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which undergo an action, or inactively are in a certain state. | | The quality root can refer freely to either animate or inanimate entities. A distinction of animacy can be inferred by the context or by choice of case forms. However, some declined forms can acquire new interrogative meanings depending on the selected case: |
|
| |
|
| Despite the lack of a verbal passive form, this participle is the closest form to such role. It can, however, be used only as an adjective and it is often used to build relative clauses, in which the object is the linked noun, and the subject is declined in the ''agentive'' case. In the earlier period it is not used in this role.
| | * '''ṫjejmewa''': where (<small>static location</small>) |
| | * '''ṫjejmeʈu''': where (<small>motion toward</small>) |
| | * '''ṫjejmeno ''': why (<small>cause</small>) |
|
| |
|
| henek märɑňi säre
| | These forms, while broadly undefined in their meaning, are usually specified by using the interrogative adjective with other generic or specific nouns: |
| <small>the woman seen by the man</small>
| |
|
| |
|
| As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun.
| | * '''ṫjejmewa weʡewa''': in which place (<small>static location</small>) |
| | * '''ṫjejmeʈu weʡeʈu''': in which place (<small>motion toward</small>) |
