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Basic interrogative pronouns display two different forms: one for animate entities (<small>''who?''</small>) and one for inanimate entities (<small>''what?''</small>).
Basic interrogative pronouns display two different forms: one for animate entities (<small>''who?''</small>) and one for inanimate entities (<small>''what?''</small>).


*''what'': ša
*''what'': tɬʼū
*''who'': šá
*''who'': ɟī


Both pronouns can be declined, with the nominal declension endings, according to their animacy class.
Both pronouns can be declined with the pronominal declension endings.


  šárem tôh áɣoɣíðə êma?
  m-ɟīç ɟn ɴiʈʂʼɴ ðīm?
  <small>did you give bread to whom?</small>
  <small>whom did you give water to ?</small>


There are also other interrogative pronouns (and adverbs):
There are also other interrogative pronouns (and adverbs):


* šar: where (<small>static location</small>)
* tɬʼūʈ: where (<small>static location</small>)
* šah: where (<small>motion toward</small>)
* tɬʼušn: why (<small>aim</small>)
* šaš: where... from (<small>motion form</small>)
* tɬʼīɴraʈ: when
* šax: why (<small>cause</small>)
* šajǔ: when
* šamê: how much (<small>inanimate</small>)
* šámê: how much (<small>animate</small>)
* šamaɣ: how


There are also the following interrogative adjectives:
There are also the following interrogative adjectives:


* šaɣə: which (<small>inanimate</small>)
* tɬʼūð: which (<small>inanimate</small>)
* šáɣə: which (<small>animate</small>)
* ɟīð: which (<small>animate</small>)
* šamêɣə: how much / many (<small>inanimate</small>)
* šámêɣə: how much / many (<small>animate</small>)
 
Such adjectives, like the demonstrative adjectives, tend to be placed before their nouns and they are never used with the prepositive articles. Moreover, they are never declined, except for some archaic fixed expressions.
 
šamêɣə çâjînə lîβəh?
<small>how many trees do you see?</small>
 
Within an interrogative clause, pronouns usually are usually moved at the beginning of the sentence but, in earlier texts they can be found in their syntactical position. This position is regarded as extremely marked in the modern language. In addition, like other parts of the sentences, they can be introduced by prepositions:
 
gú šáre sôwg?
<small>whom is he talking about?</small>

Revision as of 09:52, 24 September 2025

Interrogative pronouns

Basic interrogative pronouns display two different forms: one for animate entities (who?) and one for inanimate entities (what?).

  • what: tɬʼū
  • who: ɟī

Both pronouns can be declined with the pronominal declension endings. 

m-ɟīç ɟn ɴiʈʂʼɴ ðīm?
whom did you give water to ?

There are also other interrogative pronouns (and adverbs):

  • tɬʼūʈ: where (static location)
  • tɬʼušn: why (aim)
  • tɬʼīɴraʈ: when

There are also the following interrogative adjectives:

  • tɬʼūð: which (inanimate)
  • ɟīð: which (animate)
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