User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII

Passive participle

The passive participle displays a present and a past form, both simple. It is formed by adding the passive participial ending to the verbal roots, while the past form is also formed through the augment, qa-:

	conj. I	conj. II	conj. III	conj. IV	conj. V
present	čö̃kuki	njeh́uki	qüqjerüki	žemü̃ki	tumoki
past	qačö̃kuki	qanjeh́uki	qaqüqjerüki	qažemü̃ki	qatumoki

There are, however, a certain amount of irregular verbs in each conjugation for the passive participle. Most irregularities are caused by the augment. Such irregularities are clearly shown in the dictionary. Among these verbs the conjugation of some verbs, with non-specifical irregularities, is shown:

	šỹkika	dävörika	očezika
past	qažỹkuki	qaðävöruki	qečezuki

The passive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is linked to nouns which undergo an action, or inactively are in a certain state. It is often used as a verbal adjective in sentences, to build relative clauses.

As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension. It is also largely used within the verbal conjugation in the passive diathesis formation, being always declined.