User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII: Difference between revisions
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======Active participle====== | ======Active participle====== | ||
The '''active participle''' displays a ''present'' and a ''past'' form, both simple. It is marked by the infinitival ending. It is formed by placing the active participial ending, while the past form is also formed through the augment, qa-: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width: | | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''conj. I''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''conj. II''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''conj. III''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''conj. IV''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''conj. V''</small></center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small> | | ''<small>present</small>'' || <center>čö̃kjytə</center> || <center>civojytə</center> || <center>bɛðöjytə</center> || <center>žemõjytə</center> || <center>tumajytə</center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small> | | ''<small>past</small>'' || <center>qačö̃kjytə</center> || <center>qacivojytə</center> || <center>qaβɛðöjytə</center> || <center>qažemõjytə</center> || <center>qatumajytə</center> | ||
|} | |||
There are, however, a certain amount of irregular verbs in each conjugation for the past infinitive. Irregularities are essentially caused by the augment. Such irregularities are clearly shown in the dictionary. Among these verbs the conjugation of some verbs, with non-specifical irregularities, is shown: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''šỹkika''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''dävörika''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''očezika''</small></center> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''<small>past</small>'' || <center>qa'''ž'''ỹkika</center> || <center>qa'''ð'''ävörika</center> || <center>q'''e'''čezika</center> | |||
|} | |} | ||
The infinitive is a nominal form of a verb. It is used as a verbal noun in sentences, and it can be declined. It is regarded as an indeclinable noun. | |||
The active participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is used as a verbal adjective in sentences, and it can be declined. It is linked to nouns which actively perform an action. | The active participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is used as a verbal adjective in sentences, and it can be declined. It is linked to nouns which actively perform an action. | ||
Revision as of 05:38, 2 September 2025
Active participle
The active participle displays a present and a past form, both simple. It is marked by the infinitival ending. It is formed by placing the active participial ending, while the past form is also formed through the augment, qa-:
| present | |||||
| past |
There are, however, a certain amount of irregular verbs in each conjugation for the past infinitive. Irregularities are essentially caused by the augment. Such irregularities are clearly shown in the dictionary. Among these verbs the conjugation of some verbs, with non-specifical irregularities, is shown:
| past |
The infinitive is a nominal form of a verb. It is used as a verbal noun in sentences, and it can be declined. It is regarded as an indeclinable noun.
The active participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is used as a verbal adjective in sentences, and it can be declined. It is linked to nouns which actively perform an action.
All modal infixes merge with the active participle ending:
- -iɳ- + -jyto = -iňyto
- -oç- + -jyto = -očyto
It is usually used to build relative clauses, in which the subject is the linked noun, and the direct object is declined in the ablative case:
qownaʂu qaloljyçočytoli hjyroli the man which might have seen the woman
As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun.
Passive participle
| imp. pres. | |||
| imp. past | |||
| imp. pres. | |||
| imp. past |
The passive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is used as a verbal adjective in sentences, and it can be declined. It is linked to nouns which undergo an action, or inactively are in a certain state.
It is often used as an adjective and to build relative clauses:
xäl qownaʂu qaloljyçukili hjyroli the man seen by the woman
It is also largely used in the verbal conjugation, in the construction of the passive diathesis forms.
As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun.
