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| ====Non-finite forms==== | | ======Active participle====== |
| The non-finite verbal forms are:
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| =====Infinitive=====
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| It is regarded as the citation form of the verb, and it is not conjugated in person or number. It has, however, a present and a past form, both simple. It is marked by the infinitival ending. '''infinitive''' displays two tenses, both simple, the ''present'' and the ''past''. It is formed by placing the infinitival ending, while the past form is also formed through the augment, qa-:
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| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''conj. I''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''conj. II''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''conj. III''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''conj. IV''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''conj. V''</small></center>
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| | ''<small>present</small>'' || <center>čö̃kika</center> || <center>civöka</center> || <center>bɛðyka</center> || <center>žemö̃ka</center> || <center>tumɛka</center>
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| | ''<small>past</small>'' || <center>qačö̃kika</center> || <center>qacivöka</center> || <center>qaβɛðyka</center> || <center>qažemö̃ka</center> || <center>qatumɛka</center>
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| |}
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| There are, however, a certain amount of irregular verbs in each conjugation for the past infinitive. Irregularities are essentially caused by the augment. Such irregularities are clearly shown in the dictionary. Among these verbs the conjugation of some verbs, with non-specifical irregularities, is shown:
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| | style="width: 70px;"| || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''šỹkika''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''dävörika''</small></center> || style="width: 150px;"| <center><small>''očezika''</small></center>
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| | ''<small>past</small>'' || <center>qa'''ž'''ỹkika</center> || <center>qa'''ð'''ävörika</center> || <center>q'''e'''čezika</center>
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| |}
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| The infinitive is a nominal form of a verb. It is used as a verbal noun in sentences, and it can be declined. It is regarded as an indeclinable noun.
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| =====Active participle===== | |
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| As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun. | | As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun. |
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| =====Passive participle===== | | ======Passive participle====== |
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Revision as of 05:34, 2 September 2025
Active participle
|
indicative |
subjunctive |
conditional
|
| imp. pres. |
śośirjyto |
śośiriňyto |
śośiročyto
|
| imp. past |
qaśośirjyto |
qaśośiriňyto |
qaśośiročyto
|
| imp. pres. |
śiśorjyto |
śiśoriňyto |
śiśoročyto
|
| imp. past |
qaśiśorjyto |
qaśiśoriňyto |
qaśiśoročyto
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The active participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is used as a verbal adjective in sentences, and it can be declined. It is linked to nouns which actively perform an action.
All modal infixes merge with the active participle ending:
- -iɳ- + -jyto = -iňyto
- -oç- + -jyto = -očyto
It is usually used to build relative clauses, in which the subject is the linked noun, and the direct object is declined in the ablative case:
qownaʂu qaloljyçočytoli hjyroli
the man which might have seen the woman
As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun.
Passive participle
|
indicative |
subjunctive |
conditional
|
| imp. pres. |
śośiruki |
śośiriɳuki |
śośiroçuki
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| imp. past |
qaśośiruki |
qaśośiriɳuki |
qaśośiroçuki
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| imp. pres. |
śiśoruki |
śiśoriɳuki |
śiśoroçuki
|
| imp. past |
qaśiśoruki |
qaśiśoriɳuki |
qaśiśoroçuki
|
The passive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is used as a verbal adjective in sentences, and it can be declined. It is linked to nouns which undergo an action, or inactively are in a certain state.
It is often used as an adjective and to build relative clauses:
xäl qownaʂu qaloljyçukili hjyroli
the man seen by the woman
It is also largely used in the verbal conjugation, in the construction of the passive diathesis forms.
As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun.
