User:Bukkia/sandboxVIII

Non-finite forms

The non-finite verbal forms are:

Infinitive

It is regarded as the citation form of the verb, and it is not conjugated in person or number. It has, however, a present and a past form, both simple. It is marked by the infinitival ending. infinitive displays two tenses, both simple, the present and the past. It is formed by placing the infinitival ending, while the past form is also formed through the augment, qa-:

	conj. I	conj. II	conj. III	conj. IV	conj. V
present	čö̃kika	civöka	bɛðyka	žemö̃ka	tumɛka
past	qačö̃kika	qacivöka	qaβɛðyka	qažemö̃ka	qatumɛka

There are, however, a certain amount of irregular verbs in each conjugation for the past infinitive. Irregularities are essentially caused by the augment. Such irregularities are clearly shown in the dictionary. Among these verbs the conjugation of some verbs, with non-specifical irregularities, is shown:

	šỹkika	dävörika	očezika
past	qažỹkika	qaðävörika	qečezika

The infinitive is a nominal form of a verb. It is used as a verbal noun in sentences, and it can be declined. It is regarded as an indeclinable noun.

Active participle

	indicative	subjunctive	conditional
imp. pres.	śośirjyto	śośiriňyto	śośiročyto
imp. past	qaśośirjyto	qaśośiriňyto	qaśośiročyto
imp. pres.	śiśorjyto	śiśoriňyto	śiśoročyto
imp. past	qaśiśorjyto	qaśiśoriňyto	qaśiśoročyto

The active participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is used as a verbal adjective in sentences, and it can be declined. It is linked to nouns which actively perform an action.

All modal infixes merge with the active participle ending:

• -iɳ- + -jyto = -iňyto
• -oç- + -jyto = -očyto

It is usually used to build relative clauses, in which the subject is the linked noun, and the direct object is declined in the ablative case:

qownaʂu qaloljyçočytoli hjyroli
the man which might have seen the woman

As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun.

Passive participle

	indicative	subjunctive	conditional
imp. pres.	śośiruki	śośiriɳuki	śośiroçuki
imp. past	qaśośiruki	qaśośiriɳuki	qaśośiroçuki
imp. pres.	śiśoruki	śiśoriɳuki	śiśoroçuki
imp. past	qaśiśoruki	qaśiśoriɳuki	qaśiśoroçuki

The passive participle is an adjectival form of a verb. It is used as a verbal adjective in sentences, and it can be declined. It is linked to nouns which undergo an action, or inactively are in a certain state.

It is often used as an adjective and to build relative clauses:

xäl qownaʂu qaloljyçukili hjyroli
the man seen by the woman

It is also largely used in the verbal conjugation, in the construction of the passive diathesis forms.

As an adjectival form, it displays a complete declension, to agree with the class of the referred noun.