Vrkhazhian/Swadesh: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!i=No style="width: 1em;" |  No.
!i=No style="width: 1em;" |  No.
!c=en style="width: 7em;" |  [[English]]
!c=en style="width: 8.5em;" |  [[English]]
!c=01 style="width: 7em;" |  [[Vrkhazhian]]
!c=01 style="width: 8.5em;" |  Pre-Vrkhazhian
!c=02 style="width: 8.5em;" |  [[Vrkhazhian]]
|-
|-
|i=No| 1
|i=No| 1
|c=en| I
|c=en| I (<span class="smallcaps">1sg</span>)
|c=01| ''ˀāni''
|c=01| *ʔāni
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 2
|i=No| 2
|c=en| you (singular)
|c=en| you (<span class="smallcaps">2sg</span>)
|c=01| ''ˀāma''
|c=01| *ʔāmi
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 3
|i=No| 3
|c=en| he, she, it
|c=en| he, she, it (<span class="smallcaps">3sg</span>)
|c=01| ''ˀāsa''
|c=01| *ʔāči
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 4
|i=No| 4
|c=en| we
|c=en| we (<span class="smallcaps">1pl</span>)
|c=01| ''ˀāti''
|c=01| *ʔānan
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 5
|i=No| 5
|c=en| you (plural)
|c=en| you (<span class="smallcaps">2pl</span>)
|c=01| ''ˀāman''
|c=01| *ʔāman
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 6
|i=No| 6
|c=en| they
|c=en| they (<span class="smallcaps">3pl</span>)
|c=01| ''ˀāsan''
|c=01| *ʔāčan
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 7
|i=No| 7
|c=en| this
|c=en| this
|c=01| ''ˀaḫḫam'', ''ˀaḫḫas''
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 8
|i=No| 8
|c=en| that
|c=en| that
|c=01| ''ˀiddam'', ''ˀiddas''
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 9
|i=No| 9
|c=en| here
|c=en| here
|c=01| ''ˀaḫḫāti''
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 10
|i=No| 10
|c=en| there
|c=en| there
|c=01| ''ˀiddāti''
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 11
|i=No| 11
|c=en| who
|c=en| who
|c=01| ''ḫamtam''
|c=01| *ḫamat-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 12
|i=No| 12
|c=en| what
|c=en| what
|c=01| ''ḫamtas''
|c=01| *ḫamat-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 13
|i=No| 13
|c=en| where
|c=en| where
|c=01| ''ḫamtāti''
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 14
|i=No| 14
|c=en| when
|c=en| when
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 15
|i=No| 15
|c=en| how
|c=en| how
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 16
|i=No| 16
|c=en| not
|c=en| not
|c=01| ''tē-'' (verb), ''tu-''
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 17
|i=No| 17
|c=en| all
|c=en| all
|c=01| ''ˀūlam'', ''ˀūlas''
|c=01| *manaḥ-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 18
|i=No| 18
|c=en| many
|c=en| many
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 19
|i=No| 19
|c=en| some
|c=en| some
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 20
|i=No| 20
|c=en| few
|c=en| few
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 21
|i=No| 21
|c=en| other
|c=en| other
|c=01| ''sānam'', ''sānas''
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 22
|i=No| 22
|c=en| one
|c=en| one
|c=01| ''tibsas''
|c=01| *tibis-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 23
|i=No| 23
|c=en| two
|c=en| two
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 24
|i=No| 24
|c=en| three
|c=en| three
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 25
|i=No| 25
|c=en| four
|c=en| four
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 26
|i=No| 26
|c=en| five
|c=en| five
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 27
|i=No| 27
|c=en| big
|c=en| big
|c=01| ''w-r-ḫ''
|c=01| *warraḫ-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 28
|i=No| 28
|c=en| long
|c=en| long
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 29
|i=No| 29
|c=en| wide
|c=en| wide
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 30
|i=No| 30
|c=en| thick
|c=en| thick
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 31
|i=No| 31
|c=en| heavy
|c=en| heavy
|c=01| ''d-h-n''
|c=01| *daʔʔan-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 32
|i=No| 32
|c=en| small
|c=en| small
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 33
|i=No| 33
|c=en| short
|c=en| short
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 34
|i=No| 34
|c=en| narrow
|c=en| narrow
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 35
|i=No| 35
|c=en| thin
|c=en| thin
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 36
|i=No| 36
|c=en| woman
|c=en| woman
|c=01| ''lumbum''
|c=01| *lumb-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 37
|i=No| 37
|c=en| man (adult male)
|c=en| man (adult male)
|c=01| ''rēbim''
|c=01| *raḥb-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 38
|i=No| 38
|c=en| human, person
|c=en| human, person
|c=01| ''lumbam''
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 39
|i=No| 39
|c=en| child
|c=en| child
|c=01| ''simbam''
|c=01| *simb-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 40
|i=No| 40
|c=en| wife
|c=en| wife
|c=01| ''lumbum''
|c=01| *lumb-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 41
|i=No| 41
|c=en| husband
|c=en| husband
|c=01| ''rēbim''
|c=01| *raḥb-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 42
|i=No| 42
|c=en| mother
|c=en| mother
|c=01| ''ˀanum'', ''narum''
|c=01| *ʔann-, *nar-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 43
|i=No| 43
|c=en| father
|c=en| father
|c=01| ''ˀadim'', ''darim''
|c=01| *ʔadd-, *dar-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 44
|i=No| 44
|c=en| animal
|c=en| animal
|c=01| ''ˀâbam''
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 45
|i=No| 45
|c=en| fish
|c=en| fish
|c=01| ''ˀilgam''
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 46
|i=No| 46
|c=en| bird
|c=en| bird
|c=01| ''ḳarsam''
|c=01| *ḳarš-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 47
|i=No| 47
|c=en| dog
|c=en| dog
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 48
|i=No| 48
|c=en| louse
|c=en| louse
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 49
|i=No| 49
|c=en| snake
|c=en| snake
|c=01| ''ruwam''
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 50
|i=No| 50
|c=en| worm
|c=en| worm
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 51
|i=No| 51
|c=en| tree
|c=en| tree
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 52
|i=No| 52
|c=en| forest
|c=en| forest
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 53
|i=No| 53
|c=en| stick
|c=en| stick
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 54
|i=No| 54
|c=en| fruit
|c=en| fruit
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 55
|i=No| 55
|c=en| seed
|c=en| seed
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 56
|i=No| 56
|c=en| leaf
|c=en| leaf
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 57
|i=No| 57
|c=en| root
|c=en| root
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 58
|i=No| 58
|c=en| bark (of a tree)
|c=en| bark (of a tree)
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 59
|i=No| 59
|c=en| flower
|c=en| flower
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 60
|i=No| 60
|c=en| grass
|c=en| grass
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 61
|i=No| 61
|c=en| rope
|c=en| rope
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 62
|i=No| 62
|c=en| skin
|c=en| skin
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 63
|i=No| 63
|c=en| meat
|c=en| meat
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 64
|i=No| 64
Line 263: Line 327:
|i=No| 65
|i=No| 65
|c=en| bone
|c=en| bone
|c=01| ''ḫarmas''
|c=01| *ḫarim-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 66
|i=No| 66
|c=en| fat (noun)
|c=en| fat (noun)
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 67
|i=No| 67
|c=en| egg
|c=en| egg
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 68
|i=No| 68
|c=en| horn
|c=en| horn
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 69
|i=No| 69
|c=en| tail
|c=en| tail
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 70
|i=No| 70
|c=en| feather
|c=en| feather
|c=01|
|c=01| *camir-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 71
|i=No| 71
|c=en| hair
|c=en| hair
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 72
|i=No| 72
|c=en| head
|c=en| head
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 73
|i=No| 73
|c=en| ear
|c=en| ear
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 74
|i=No| 74
|c=en| eye
|c=en| eye
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 75
|i=No| 75
|c=en| nose
|c=en| nose
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 76
|i=No| 76
|c=en| mouth
|c=en| mouth
|c=01|
|c=01| *ćād-, *miriʡ-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 77
|i=No| 77
|c=en| tooth
|c=en| tooth
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 78
|i=No| 78
|c=en| tongue (organ)
|c=en| tongue (organ)
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 79
|i=No| 79
|c=en| fingernail
|c=en| fingernail
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 80
|i=No| 80
|c=en| foot
|c=en| foot
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 81
|i=No| 81
|c=en| leg
|c=en| leg
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 82
|i=No| 82
|c=en| knee
|c=en| knee
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 83
|i=No| 83
|c=en| hand
|c=en| hand
|c=01| ''lāmas''
|c=01| *lām-, *ʔušš-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 84
|i=No| 84
|c=en| wing
|c=en| wing
|c=01| ''gēbas''
|c=01|  
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 85
|i=No| 85
|c=en| belly
|c=en| belly
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 86
|i=No| 86
|c=en| guts
|c=en| guts
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 87
|i=No| 87
|c=en| neck
|c=en| neck
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 88
|i=No| 88
|c=en| back
|c=en| back
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 89
|i=No| 89
|c=en| breast
|c=en| breast
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 90
|i=No| 90
|c=en| heart
|c=en| heart
|c=01| ''daśâs'' / ''daśi-''
|c=01| *daśiw-  
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 91
|i=No| 91
|c=en| liver
|c=en| liver
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 92
|i=No| 92
|c=en| to drink
|c=en| to drink
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 93
|i=No| 93
|c=en| to eat
|c=en| to eat
|c=01| ''ʔ-h-m-''
|c=01|  
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 94
|i=No| 94
|c=en| to bite
|c=en| to bite
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 95
|i=No| 95
|c=en| to suck
|c=en| to suck
|c=01| ''p-ṣ-m''
|c=01| *pač̣am-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 96
|i=No| 96
|c=en| to spit
|c=en| to spit
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 97
|i=No| 97
|c=en| to vomit
|c=en| to vomit
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 98
|i=No| 98
|c=en| to blow
|c=en| to blow
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 99
|i=No| 99
|c=en| to breathe
|c=en| to breathe
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 100
|i=No| 100
|c=en| to laugh
|c=en| to laugh
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 101
|i=No| 101
|c=en| to see
|c=en| to see
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 102
|i=No| 102
|c=en| to hear
|c=en| to hear
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 103
|i=No| 103
|c=en| to know
|c=en| to know
|c=01| ''ś-m-r''
|c=01|  
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 104
|i=No| 104
|c=en| to think
|c=en| to think
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 105
|i=No| 105
|c=en| to smell
|c=en| to smell
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 106
|i=No| 106
|c=en| to fear
|c=en| to fear
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 107
|i=No| 107
|c=en| to sleep
|c=en| to sleep
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 108
|i=No| 108
|c=en| to live
|c=en| to live
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 109
|i=No| 109
|c=en| to die
|c=en| to die
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 110
|i=No| 110
|c=en| to kill
|c=en| to kill
|c=01| ''ṣ-h-b''
|c=01| *č̣ahab-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 111
|i=No| 111
|c=en| to fight
|c=en| to fight
|c=01| ''r-b-d''
|c=01|  
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 112
|i=No| 112
|c=en| to hunt
|c=en| to hunt
|c=01|
|c=01| *yanan-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 113
|i=No| 113
|c=en| to hit
|c=en| to hit
|c=01|
|c=01| *č̣ahab-, *?a?a?-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 114
|i=No| 114
|c=en| to cut
|c=en| to cut
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 115
|i=No| 115
|c=en| to split
|c=en| to split
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 116
|i=No| 116
|c=en| to stab
|c=en| to stab
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 117
|i=No| 117
|c=en| to scratch
|c=en| to scratch
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 118
|i=No| 118
|c=en| to dig
|c=en| to dig
|c=01|
|c=01| *dawal-, *dul-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 119
|i=No| 119
|c=en| to swim
|c=en| to swim
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 120
|i=No| 120
|c=en| to fly
|c=en| to fly
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 121
|i=No| 121
|c=en| to walk
|c=en| to walk
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 122
|i=No| 122
|c=en| to come
|c=en| to come
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 123
|i=No| 123
|c=en| to lie (as in a bed)
|c=en| to lie (as in a bed)
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 124
|i=No| 124
|c=en| to sit
|c=en| to sit
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 125
|i=No| 125
|c=en| to stand
|c=en| to stand
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 126
|i=No| 126
|c=en| to turn (intransitive)
|c=en| to turn (intransitive)
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 127
|i=No| 127
|c=en| to fall
|c=en| to fall
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 128
|i=No| 128
|c=en| to give
|c=en| to give
|c=01| ''l-ʔ-ʔ-b'', ''l-ḫ-b''
|c=01|  
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 129
|i=No| 129
|c=en| to hold
|c=en| to hold
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 130
|i=No| 130
|c=en| to squeeze
|c=en| to squeeze
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 131
|i=No| 131
|c=en| to rub
|c=en| to rub
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 132
|i=No| 132
|c=en| to wash
|c=en| to wash
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 133
|i=No| 133
|c=en| to wipe
|c=en| to wipe
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 134
|i=No| 134
|c=en| to pull
|c=en| to pull
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 135
|i=No| 135
|c=en| to push
|c=en| to push
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 136
|i=No| 136
|c=en| to throw
|c=en| to throw
|c=01| ''ṣ-w-r''
|c=01|  
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 137
|i=No| 137
|c=en| to tie
|c=en| to tie
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 138
|i=No| 138
|c=en| to sew
|c=en| to sew
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 139
|i=No| 139
|c=en| to count
|c=en| to count
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 140
|i=No| 140
|c=en| to say
|c=en| to say
|c=01| ''paraḫ-''
|c=01| *paraḫ-  
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 141
|i=No| 141
|c=en| to sing
|c=en| to sing
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 142
|i=No| 142
|c=en| to play
|c=en| to play
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 143
|i=No| 143
|c=en| to float
|c=en| to float
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 144
|i=No| 144
|c=en| to flow
|c=en| to flow
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 145
|i=No| 145
|c=en| to freeze
|c=en| to freeze
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 146
|i=No| 146
|c=en| to swell
|c=en| to swell
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 147
|i=No| 147
|c=en| sun
|c=en| sun
|c=01| ''Ḫaḳlum''
|c=01|  
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 148
|i=No| 148
|c=en| moon
|c=en| moon
|c=01| ''Mamûm'', ''Nardim''
|c=01|  
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 149
|i=No| 149
|c=en| star
|c=en| star
|c=01| ''dakas''
|c=01| *dak-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 150
|i=No| 150
|c=en| water
|c=en| water
|c=01| ''kapâs'', ''mazâm''
|c=01| *kapiʔ-, *maʒiy-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 151
|i=No| 151
|c=en| rain
|c=en| rain
|c=01| ''ˀizam''
|c=01|  
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 152
|i=No| 152
|c=en| river
|c=en| river
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 153
|i=No| 153
|c=en| lake
|c=en| lake
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 154
|i=No| 154
|c=en| sea
|c=en| sea
|c=01| ''mazâm''
|c=01| *maʒiy-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 155
|i=No| 155
|c=en| salt
|c=en| salt
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 156
|i=No| 156
|c=en| stone
|c=en| stone
|c=01|
|c=01| *hadg-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 157
|i=No| 157
|c=en| sand
|c=en| sand
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 158
|i=No| 158
|c=en| dust
|c=en| dust
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 159
|i=No| 159
|c=en| earth
|c=en| earth
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 160
|i=No| 160
|c=en| cloud
|c=en| cloud
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 161
|i=No| 161
|c=en| fog
|c=en| fog
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 162
|i=No| 162
|c=en| sky
|c=en| sky
|c=01| ''ḳūnas''
|c=01|  
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 163
|i=No| 163
|c=en| wind
|c=en| wind
|c=01| ''ḫamam''
|c=01| *ḫam-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 164
|i=No| 164
|c=en| snow
|c=en| snow
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 165
|i=No| 165
|c=en| ice
|c=en| ice
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 166
|i=No| 166
|c=en| smoke
|c=en| smoke
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 167
|i=No| 167
|c=en| fire
|c=en| fire
|c=01| ''waśam'', ''ˀuśam''
|c=01| *wāś-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 168
|i=No| 168
|c=en| ash
|c=en| ash
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 169
|i=No| 169
|c=en| to burn
|c=en| to burn
|c=01| ''w-ś-ḫ'', ''ʔ-ś-ḫ''
|c=01|  
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 170
|i=No| 170
|c=en| road
|c=en| road
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 171
|i=No| 171
|c=en| mountain
|c=en| mountain
|c=01| ''n̮alas''
|c=01| *gand-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 172
|i=No| 172
|c=en| red
|c=en| red
|c=01|
|c=01| *ʒawwal-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 173
|i=No| 173
|c=en| green
|c=en| green
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 174
|i=No| 174
|c=en| yellow
|c=en| yellow
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 175
|i=No| 175
|c=en| white
|c=en| white
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 176
|i=No| 176
|c=en| black
|c=en| black
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 177
|i=No| 177
|c=en| night
|c=en| night
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 178
|i=No| 178
|c=en| day
|c=en| day
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 179
|i=No| 179
|c=en| year
|c=en| year
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 180
|i=No| 180
|c=en| warm
|c=en| warm
|c=01|
|c=01| *ǯaḫḫam-
|c=02|  
|-
|-
|i=No| 181
|i=No| 181
|c=en| cold
|c=en| cold
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 182
|i=No| 182
|c=en| full
|c=en| full
|c=01| ''r-ḳ-y''
|c=01|  
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 183
|i=No| 183
|c=en| new
|c=en| new
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 184
|i=No| 184
|c=en| old
|c=en| old
|c=01| ''s-g-l''
|c=01| *saggal-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 185
|i=No| 185
|c=en| good
|c=en| good
|c=01| ''r-s-y''
|c=01| *rassay-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 186
|i=No| 186
|c=en| bad
|c=en| bad
|c=01|
|c=01| *nammar-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 187
|i=No| 187
|c=en| rotten
|c=en| rotten
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 188
|i=No| 188
|c=en| dirty
|c=en| dirty
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 189
|i=No| 189
|c=en| straight
|c=en| straight
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 190
|i=No| 190
|c=en| round
|c=en| round
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 191
|i=No| 191
|c=en| sharp (as a knife)
|c=en| sharp (as a knife)
|c=01| ''t-ḫ-ṣ''
|c=01| *taḫḫac̣-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 192
|i=No| 192
|c=en| dull (as a knife)
|c=en| dull (as a knife)
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 193
|i=No| 193
|c=en| smooth
|c=en| smooth
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 194
|i=No| 194
|c=en| wet
|c=en| wet
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 195
|i=No| 195
|c=en| dry
|c=en| dry
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 196
|i=No| 196
|c=en| correct
|c=en| correct
|c=01| ''ḫ-ś-h''
|c=01| *ḫaśśaʡ-
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 197
|i=No| 197
|c=en| near
|c=en| near
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 198
|i=No| 198
|c=en| far
|c=en| far
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 199
|i=No| 199
|c=en| right
|c=en| right
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 200
|i=No| 200
|c=en| left
|c=en| left
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 201
|i=No| 201
|c=en| at
|c=en| at
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 202
|i=No| 202
|c=en| in
|c=en| in
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 203
|i=No| 203
|c=en| with
|c=en| with
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 204
|i=No| 204
|c=en| and
|c=en| and
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 205
|i=No| 205
|c=en| if
|c=en| if
|c=01|
|c=01| *maha
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 206
|i=No| 206
|c=en| because
|c=en| because
|c=01|
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|-
|i=No| 207
|i=No| 207
|c=en| name
|c=en| name
|c=01| ''yanas''
|c=01| *ǯān-
|c=02|
|}
|}


[[Category:Swadesh lists]]
[[Category:Swadesh lists]]
</big>
</big>

Latest revision as of 13:34, 27 August 2025

No. English Pre-Vrkhazhian Vrkhazhian
1 I (1sg) *ʔāni
2 you (2sg) *ʔāmi
3 he, she, it (3sg) *ʔāči
4 we (1pl) *ʔānan
5 you (2pl) *ʔāman
6 they (3pl) *ʔāčan
7 this
8 that
9 here
10 there
11 who *ḫamat-
12 what *ḫamat-
13 where
14 when
15 how
16 not
17 all *manaḥ-
18 many
19 some
20 few
21 other
22 one *tibis-
23 two
24 three
25 four
26 five
27 big *warraḫ-
28 long
29 wide
30 thick
31 heavy *daʔʔan-
32 small
33 short
34 narrow
35 thin
36 woman *lumb-
37 man (adult male) *raḥb-
38 human, person
39 child *simb-
40 wife *lumb-
41 husband *raḥb-
42 mother *ʔann-, *nar-
43 father *ʔadd-, *dar-
44 animal
45 fish
46 bird *ḳarš-
47 dog
48 louse
49 snake
50 worm
51 tree
52 forest
53 stick
54 fruit
55 seed
56 leaf
57 root
58 bark (of a tree)
59 flower
60 grass
61 rope
62 skin
63 meat
64 blood
65 bone *ḫarim-
66 fat (noun)
67 egg
68 horn
69 tail
70 feather *camir-
71 hair
72 head
73 ear
74 eye
75 nose
76 mouth *ćād-, *miriʡ-
77 tooth
78 tongue (organ)
79 fingernail
80 foot
81 leg
82 knee
83 hand *lām-, *ʔušš-
84 wing
85 belly
86 guts
87 neck
88 back
89 breast
90 heart *daśiw-
91 liver
92 to drink
93 to eat
94 to bite
95 to suck *pač̣am-
96 to spit
97 to vomit
98 to blow
99 to breathe
100 to laugh
101 to see
102 to hear
103 to know
104 to think
105 to smell
106 to fear
107 to sleep
108 to live
109 to die
110 to kill *č̣ahab-
111 to fight
112 to hunt *yanan-
113 to hit *č̣ahab-, *?a?a?-
114 to cut
115 to split
116 to stab
117 to scratch
118 to dig *dawal-, *dul-
119 to swim
120 to fly
121 to walk
122 to come
123 to lie (as in a bed)
124 to sit
125 to stand
126 to turn (intransitive)
127 to fall
128 to give
129 to hold
130 to squeeze
131 to rub
132 to wash
133 to wipe
134 to pull
135 to push
136 to throw
137 to tie
138 to sew
139 to count
140 to say *paraḫ-
141 to sing
142 to play
143 to float
144 to flow
145 to freeze
146 to swell
147 sun
148 moon
149 star *dak-
150 water *kapiʔ-, *maʒiy-
151 rain
152 river
153 lake
154 sea *maʒiy-
155 salt
156 stone *hadg-
157 sand
158 dust
159 earth
160 cloud
161 fog
162 sky
163 wind *ḫam-
164 snow
165 ice
166 smoke
167 fire *wāś-
168 ash
169 to burn
170 road
171 mountain *gand-
172 red *ʒawwal-
173 green
174 yellow
175 white
176 black
177 night
178 day
179 year
180 warm *ǯaḫḫam-
181 cold
182 full
183 new
184 old *saggal-
185 good *rassay-
186 bad *nammar-
187 rotten
188 dirty
189 straight
190 round
191 sharp (as a knife) *taḫḫac̣-
192 dull (as a knife)
193 smooth
194 wet
195 dry
196 correct *ḫaśśaʡ-
197 near
198 far
199 right
200 left
201 at
202 in
203 with
204 and
205 if *maha
206 because
207 name *ǯān-

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