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Ossmalic | |||
{{infobox | {{infobox | ||
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! style="width: 3em;" | Type | ! style="width: 3em;" | Type | ||
! style="width: 3.4em;" | Front | ! style="width: 3.4em;" | Front | ||
! style="width: 3.4em;" | Back | ! style="width: 3.4em;" | Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Close | !Close | ||
| '''и''' /i/ | | '''и''' /i/ | ||
| '''у''' /u/ | | '''у''' /u/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!Open | !Open | ||
|colspan= | |colspan=2| '''а''' /a/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
{|class="wikitable | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
| | ! colspan="10" | Short | ||
! rowspan="3" style="width: 1.5em;" | | |||
! colspan="10" | Long | |||
! | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Origin | ! Origin | ||
| Line 114: | Line 100: | ||
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɯ | | style="width: 1.5em;" | ɯ | ||
| style="width: 1.5em;" | u | | style="width: 1.5em;" | u | ||
| style="width: 1.5em;" | æː | | style="width: 1.5em;" | æː | ||
| style="width: 1.5em;" | eː | | style="width: 1.5em;" | eː | ||
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ Tones Inferred by Consonants | |+ Tones Inferred by Consonants | ||
! | ! style="width: 5em;" | Consonant | ||
! style="width: 5em;" | High | ! style="width: 5em;" | High | ||
! style="width: 5em;" | Low | ! style="width: 5em;" | Low | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=" | ! rowspan="5" | Stop | ||
| '''па''' /pá/ | | '''па''' /pá/ | ||
| '''ба''' /pà/ | | '''ба''' /pà/ | ||
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| '''та''' /t̪á/ | | '''та''' /t̪á/ | ||
| '''да''' /t̪à/ | | '''да''' /t̪à/ | ||
|- | |||
| '''тьа''' /t̪ʲá/ | |||
| '''дьа''' /t̪ʲà/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| '''ка''' /ká/ | | '''ка''' /ká/ | ||
| '''га''' /kà/ | | '''га''' /kà/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''кьа''' /kʲá/ | |||
| ''' | | '''гьа''' /kʲà/ | ||
| ''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | ! rowspan="4" | Fricative | ||
| | | '''са''' /sá/ | ||
| — | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | '''сьа''' /sʲá/ | ||
| | | — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''ха''' /xá/ | |||
| ''' | |||
| — | | — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | '''хьа''' /xʲá/ | ||
| — | | — | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! rowspan="7" | Sonorant | ||
| — | | — | ||
| '''ма''' /mà/ | | '''ма''' /mà/ | ||
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| — | | — | ||
| '''на''' /n̪à/ | | '''на''' /n̪à/ | ||
|- | |||
| — | |||
| '''ньа''' /n̪ʲà/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| — | | — | ||
| '''ӈа''' /ŋà/ | | '''ӈа''' /ŋà/ | ||
|- | |||
| — | |||
| '''ӈьа''' /ŋʲà/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| — | | — | ||
| '''ла''' /là/ | | '''ла''' /là/ | ||
|- | |||
| — | |||
| '''льа''' /lʲà/ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Semivowel | |||
| — | |||
| '''ва''' /wà/ | |||
|- | |||
| — | |||
| '''іа''' /jà/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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:''ос-'' "white, light" | :''ос-'' "white, light" | ||
:''тьил-'' "immoral, wicked, evil" | :''тьил-'' "immoral, wicked, evil" | ||
Latest revision as of 19:03, 25 May 2025
Ossmalic
| Ossmalic мэ́ӈ оссэма́л | |
|---|---|
| Pronounced: | [ˈmə́ŋ òs.ˈsmál] |
| Spoken: | Ossmal |
| Writing system: | Sealbone Script |
| Genealogy: | Language isolate |
| Typology | |
| Morphological type: | ??? |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | ergative-absolutive |
| Basic word order: | VSO |
| Credits | |
| Creator: | Malcolm G. Holborne |
28 consonants:
| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hard | soft | hard | soft | |||
| Nasal | м /m/ | н /n̪/ | нь /n̪ʲ/ | ӈ /ŋ/ | ӈь /ŋʲ/ | |
| Stop | п /p/ | т /t̪/ | ть /t̪ʲ/ | к /k/ | кь /kʲ/ | |
| Fricative | в /ʋ/ | с /s/ | сь /sʲ/ | і /j/ | х /x/ | хь /xʲ/ |
| Approximant | л /l/ | ль /lʲ/ | ||||
| Type | Front | Back |
|---|---|---|
| Close | и /i/ | у /u/ |
| Mid | е /e/ | о /o/ |
| Open | а /a/ | |
| Short | Long | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Origin | æ | e | ø | i | y | ɑ | ɤ | o | ɯ | u | æː | eː | øː | iː | yː | ɑː | ɤː | oː | ɯː | uː | |
| Result | ʲa | ʲe | ʲo | ʲĭ | ʲŭ | a | e | o | ĭ | ŭ | ʲa | ʲe | ʲo | ʲi | ʲu | a | e | o | i | u | |
Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:
| Consonant | High | Low |
|---|---|---|
| Stop | па /pá/ | ба /pà/ |
| та /t̪á/ | да /t̪à/ | |
| тьа /t̪ʲá/ | дьа /t̪ʲà/ | |
| ка /ká/ | га /kà/ | |
| кьа /kʲá/ | гьа /kʲà/ | |
| Fricative | са /sá/ | — |
| сьа /sʲá/ | — | |
| ха /xá/ | — | |
| хьа /xʲá/ | — | |
| Sonorant | — | ма /mà/ |
| — | на /n̪à/ | |
| — | ньа /n̪ʲà/ | |
| — | ӈа /ŋà/ | |
| — | ӈьа /ŋʲà/ | |
| — | ла /là/ | |
| — | льа /lʲà/ | |
| Semivowel | — | ва /wà/ |
| — | іа /jà/ |
Tone possibly indicated on vowels instead:
- а́ е́ и́ э́ о́ у́
- а̀ ѐ ѝ э̀ о̀ у̀
Animate:
- ма̀дсьаі "human" [sg], ??? "people" [pl]
- сьо́лаі "river" [sg], ??? "rivers" [pl]
- хва́лаі "horse" [sg], ??? "horses" [pl]
- кхьва́наі "god" [sg], ??? "gods" [pl]
- дэ̀лхаі ??? [sg]
Inanimate:
- сэма́л "mountain" [sg], сэма̀ль "mountains" [pl]
- сьо́л "lake" [sg], сьо́ль "lakes" [pl]
- ду̀д "house" [sg], ду̀дь "houses" [pl]
- мэ́ӈ "language" [sg], мэ̀ӈь "languages" [pl]
Adjective prefixes
Colours
- маг- "black, dark"
- ос- "white, light"
- тьил- "immoral, wicked, evil"
