Onschen: Difference between revisions

From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
 
(46 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
<big>Ossmalic
Ossmalic


{{infobox
{{infobox
|bg=#9966CC
|bg=#9966CC
|name=Ossmalic
|name=Ossmalic
|native=Оссэмха́л
|native=мэ́ӈ оссэма́л
|pronounce=[òs.ˈsmál]
|pronounce=[ˈmə́ŋ òs.ˈsmál]
|in=Ossmal
|in=Ossmal
|script=Sealbone Script
|script=Sealbone Script
Line 19: Line 19:
|+ Consonant phonemes of Ossmalic
|+ Consonant phonemes of Ossmalic
|-  
|-  
! style="width: 7em;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! style="width: 7em;" rowspan="2" |
! style="width: 3.5em;" rowspan="2" | Labial
! style="width: 3.5em;" rowspan="2" | Labial
! colspan="2" | Coronal
! colspan="2" | Coronal
Line 30: Line 30:
! style="width: 3.5em;" | soft
! style="width: 3.5em;" | soft
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
! Nasal
| '''м''' /m/  
| '''м''' /m/  
| '''н''' /n̪/
| '''н''' /n̪/
Line 38: Line 38:
| '''ӈь''' /ŋʲ/
| '''ӈь''' /ŋʲ/
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" | Stop
! Stop
! voiceless
| '''п''' /p/  
| '''п''' /p/  
| '''т''' /t̪/  
| '''т''' /t̪/  
Line 47: Line 46:
| '''кь''' /kʲ/
| '''кь''' /kʲ/
|-
|-
! aspirated
! Fricative
| '''пх''' /pʰ/
| '''тх''' /t̪ʰ/
| '''тхь''' /t̪ʲʰ/
|
| '''кх''' /kʰ/
| '''кхь''' /kʲʰ/
|-
! voiced
| '''мп''' /b/
| '''нт''' /d̪/
| '''нть''' /d̪ʲ/
|
| '''ӈк''' /g/
| '''ӈкь''' /gʲ/
|-
! colspan="2" | Fricative
| rowspan="2" | '''в''' /ʋ/
| rowspan="2" | '''в''' /ʋ/
| '''с''' /s/  
| '''с''' /s/  
Line 71: Line 54:
| '''хь''' /xʲ/
| '''хь''' /xʲ/
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Approximant
! Approximant
| '''л''' /l/
| '''л''' /l/
| '''ль''' /lʲ/
| '''ль''' /lʲ/
Line 84: Line 67:
! style="width: 3em;" | Type
! style="width: 3em;" | Type
! style="width: 3.4em;" | Front
! style="width: 3.4em;" | Front
! style="width: 3.4em;" | Central
! style="width: 3.4em;" | Back
! style="width: 3.4em;" | Back
|-
|-
!Close
!Close
| '''и''' /i/
| '''и''' /i/
| rowspan="2" | '''э''' /ə~ɨ/
| '''у''' /u/
| '''у''' /u/
|-
|-
Line 97: Line 78:
|-
|-
!Open
!Open
|colspan=3| '''а''' /a/
|colspan=2| '''а''' /a/
|-
|-
|}
|}


{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Diphthongs
|-
|-
! style="width: 6em;" | Type
!
! style="width: 3em;" | Front
! colspan="10" | Short
! style="width: 3em;" | Back
! rowspan="3" style="width: 1.5em;" |  
! colspan="10" | Long
|-
|-
!Mid Falling
! Origin
| '''іе''' /i̯e/
| style="width: 1.5em;" | æ
| '''во''' /u̯o/
| style="width: 1.5em;" | e
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ø
| style="width: 1.5em;" | i
| style="width: 1.5em;" | y
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɑ
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɤ
| style="width: 1.5em;" | o
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɯ
| style="width: 1.5em;" | u
 
| style="width: 1.5em;" | æː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | eː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | øː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | iː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | yː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɑː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɤː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | oː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɯː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | uː
|-
|-
!Open Falling
! style="width: 4em;" | Result
| '''іа''' /i̯a/
| ʲa
| '''ва''' /u̯a/
| ʲe
| ʲo
| ʲĭ
| ʲŭ
| a
| e
| o
| ĭ
| ŭ
| ʲa
| ʲe
| ʲo
| ʲi
| ʲu
| a
| e
| o
| i
| u
|-
|-
|}
|}


Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:
Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:
Line 122: Line 141:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Tones Inferred by Consonants
|+ Tones Inferred by Consonants
! colspan="2" style="width: 7em;" | Consonant
! style="width: 5em;" | Consonant
! style="width: 5em;" | High
! style="width: 5em;" | High
! style="width: 5em;" | Low
! style="width: 5em;" | Low
|-  
|-  
! rowspan="9" | Stop
! rowspan="5" | Stop
! rowspan="3" | Plain
| '''па''' /pá/
| ''па'' /pá/
| '''ба''' /pà/
| ''ба'' /pà/
|-
| '''та''' /t̪á/
| '''да''' /t̪à/
|-
| '''тьа''' /t̪ʲá/
| '''дьа''' /t̪ʲà/
|-
|-
| ''та'' /t̪á/
| '''ка''' /ká/
| ''да'' /t̪à/
| '''га''' /kà/
|-
|-
| ''ка'' /ká/
| '''кьа''' /kʲá/
| ''га'' /kà/
| '''гьа''' /kʲà/
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" | Aspirated
! rowspan="4" | Fricative
| ''пха'' /pʰá/
| '''са''' /sá/
| ''бха'' /pʰà/
| —
|-
|-
| ''тха'' /t̪ʰá/
| '''сьа''' /sʲá/
| ''дха'' /t̪ʰà/
| —
|-
|-
| ''кха'' /kʰá/
| '''ха''' /xá/
| ''гха'' /kʰà/
| —
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" | Voiced
| '''хьа''' /xʲá/
| ''мпа'' /bá/
| —
| ''мба'' /bà/
|-
|-
| ''нта'' /d̪á/
! rowspan="7" | Sonorant
| ''нда'' /d̪à/
| —
| '''ма''' /mà/
|-
|-
| ''ӈка'' /gá/
| —
| ''ӈга'' /gà/
| '''на''' /n̪à/
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Fricative
| —
| ''са'' /sá/
| '''ньа''' /n̪ʲà/
| ''за'' /sà/
|-
|-
| ''ха'' /xá/
| —
| ''һа'' /xà/
| '''ӈа''' /ŋà/
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="4" | Sonorant
| —
| ''мха'' /má/
| '''ӈьа''' /ŋʲà/
| ''ма'' /mà/
|-
|-
| ''нха'' /n̪á/
| —
| ''на'' /n̪à/
| '''ла''' /là/
|-
|-
| ''ӈха'' /ŋá/
| —
| ''ӈа'' /ŋà/
| '''льа''' /lʲà/
|-
|-
| ''лха'' /lá/
! rowspan="2" | Semivowel
| ''ла'' /là/
| —
| '''ва''' /wà/
|-
| —
| '''іа''' /jà/
|-
|-
|}
|}


 
Tone possibly indicated on vowels instead:
:'''а́ е́ и́ э́ о́ у́'''
:'''а̀ ѐ ѝ э̀ о̀ у̀'''




Animate:
Animate:
:''ма́дсьаі'' "human" [sg], ''???'' "people" [pl]
:''ма̀дсьаі'' "human" [sg], ''???'' "people" [pl]
:''сьо́лаі'' "river" [sg], ''???'' "rivers" [pl]
:''сьо́лаі'' "river" [sg], ''???'' "rivers" [pl]
:''хва́лаі'' "horse" [sg], ''???'' "horses" [pl]
:''хва́лаі'' "horse" [sg], ''???'' "horses" [pl]
:''кхьва́наі'' "god" [sg], ''???'' "gods" [pl]  
:''кхьва́наі'' "god" [sg], ''???'' "gods" [pl]
:''дэ̀лхаі'' ??? [sg]


Inanimate:
Inanimate:
:''сэмха́л'' "mountain" [sg], ''сэмха́ль'' "mountains" [pl]
:''сэма́л'' "mountain" [sg], ''сэма̀ль'' "mountains" [pl]
:''сьол'' "lake" [sg], ''сьоль'' "lakes" [pl]
:''сьо́л'' "lake" [sg], ''сьо́ль'' "lakes" [pl]
:''дуд'' "house" [sg], ''дудь'' "houses" [pl]
:''ду̀д'' "house" [sg], ''ду̀дь'' "houses" [pl]
:''мэӈ'' "language" [sg], ''мэӈь'' "languages" [pl]
:''мэ́ӈ'' "language" [sg], ''мэ̀ӈь'' "languages" [pl]
:''дэху́'' ??? [sg]
 


===Adjective prefixes===
===Adjective prefixes===
Line 200: Line 229:
:''ос-'' "white, light"
:''ос-'' "white, light"
:''тьил-'' "immoral, wicked, evil"
:''тьил-'' "immoral, wicked, evil"
</big>

Latest revision as of 19:03, 25 May 2025

Ossmalic



Ossmalic
мэ́ӈ оссэма́л
Pronounced: [ˈmə́ŋ òs.ˈsmál]
Spoken: Ossmal
Writing system: Sealbone Script
Genealogy: Language isolate
Typology
Morphological type:  ???
Morphosyntactic alignment: ergative-absolutive
Basic word order: VSO
Credits
Creator: Malcolm G. Holborne


28 consonants:

Consonant phonemes of Ossmalic
Labial Coronal Palatal Velar
hard soft hard soft
Nasal м /m/ н /n̪/ нь /n̪ʲ/ ӈ /ŋ/ ӈь /ŋʲ/
Stop п /p/ т /t̪/ ть /t̪ʲ/ к /k/ кь /kʲ/
Fricative в /ʋ/ с /s/ сь /sʲ/ і /j/ х /x/ хь /xʲ/
Approximant л /l/ ль /lʲ/
Monophthongs
Type Front Back
Close и /i/ у /u/
Mid е /e/ о /o/
Open а /a/
Short Long
Origin æ e ø i y ɑ ɤ o ɯ u æː eː øː iː yː ɑː ɤː oː ɯː uː
Result ʲa ʲe ʲo ʲĭ ʲŭ a e o ĭ ŭ ʲa ʲe ʲo ʲi ʲu a e o i u


Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:

Tones Inferred by Consonants
Consonant High Low
Stop па /pá/ ба /pà/
та /t̪á/ да /t̪à/
тьа /t̪ʲá/ дьа /t̪ʲà/
ка /ká/ га /kà/
кьа /kʲá/ гьа /kʲà/
Fricative са /sá/ —
сьа /sʲá/ —
ха /xá/ —
хьа /xʲá/ —
Sonorant — ма /mà/
— на /n̪à/
— ньа /n̪ʲà/
— ӈа /ŋà/
— ӈьа /ŋʲà/
— ла /là/
— льа /lʲà/
Semivowel — ва /wà/
— іа /jà/

Tone possibly indicated on vowels instead:

а́ е́ и́ э́ о́ у́
а̀ ѐ ѝ э̀ о̀ у̀


Animate:

ма̀дсьаі "human" [sg], ??? "people" [pl]
сьо́лаі "river" [sg], ??? "rivers" [pl]
хва́лаі "horse" [sg], ??? "horses" [pl]
кхьва́наі "god" [sg], ??? "gods" [pl]
дэ̀лхаі ??? [sg]

Inanimate:

сэма́л "mountain" [sg], сэма̀ль "mountains" [pl]
сьо́л "lake" [sg], сьо́ль "lakes" [pl]
ду̀д "house" [sg], ду̀дь "houses" [pl]
мэ́ӈ "language" [sg], мэ̀ӈь "languages" [pl]


Adjective prefixes

Colours

маг- "black, dark"
ос- "white, light"
тьил- "immoral, wicked, evil"
Retrieved from "http://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Onschen&oldid=170988"