Senjecas contranyms

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Pronunciation table

पेमु॓को
peműko
(labial)
रीसु॓कॊ
riisűko
(dental)
मुइतु॓को
muitűko
(alveolar)
भइनु॓को
vainűko
(palatal)
च्युस्वे॓नोस्
ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(vowels with प)
नि॓थो च्युस्वे॓नोस्
nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(weak vowels)
p
b f v m t d þ ð ɫ l ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š i e a ɔ o u ĭ ĕ ŭ
म़ ल़ स़ क़ ग़ स्व स्य इ ई
पि पी
ए एै
ए पै
अ आ
प पा
ऒ ॵ
पॊ पॏ
ओ औ
पो पौ
उ ऊ
पु पू
पं पऺ पॅ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/


Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = 1st person singular/plural ABL = ablative suffix COL = collective F = feminine INT = intensive prefix PRV = privative prefix SUP = supine
2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) DES = desiderative FRQ = frequentative LAT = lative suffix PST = past TRZ = transitivizer
3 = 3rd person ADV = adverb DIM = diminutive FUT = future LOC = locative suffix REV = reversive VOC = vocative particle
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AG = agent ELIS = elision IMP = imperative M = masculine Q = interrogative particle YNG = young
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle ELT = elative INC = inchoative OCC = occupation suffix QUOT = direct quotation
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative EP = epenthesis IND = indicative PP = patient (past) participle RPR = recent perfective
V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EQU = equative degree INS = instrument PRF = perfect SBJ = subjunctive


  • Cleave means either To split or sever something with, or as if with, a sharp instrument or to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something.
  • 4a. He cleft the tree in twain with his axe.
  • ए॔यु कॊम़ो॓स् क़े॔म द्वो॓ फआ॓योन् ए॔न ह॓इसिम् ए-फि॓स॥
  • éȝu kɔm̃ős xéma d̬ő fa̋a̋ȝon éna ha̋isim e-fı̋sa:
éȝ-u kɔm̃-ős xéma d̬ő fa̋a̋ȝ-on éna ha̋is-im e=fı̋s-a
3-N.s axe-G.s with two part=A.p into tree-A.s PST=cleave-IND
  • 4b. That is why a man leaves his father and mother and cleaves to his wife.
  • नो–फ्यु॔दि म़ी॓रु तआ॓तम्क्वे मआ॓मम्क्व भि॓द द को॓स़ुम् लै॓य–ए॓स॥
  • no—f̨űdi m̃ı̋ı̋ru ta̋a̋tamk̬e ma̋a̋mamk̬e vı̋da da kőzum le̋e̋ȝa—e̋sa:
n-o f̨űdi m̃ı̋ı̋r-u ta̋a̋t-am=k̬e ma̋a̋m-am=k̬e vı̋d-a da kőz-um le̋e̋ȝ-a e̋s-a
that-N.s why man-N.s father-A.s=and mother-A.s=and leave-IND and wife-A.s cleave.to-IND be-IND


  • Dust means either to add or to remove the thing in question. Only the context will tell you which it is.
  • 3a. She dusted the cake with powdered sugar.
  • ए॔यु पोथ्स्वआदो॓स् क़े॔म भौ॓गोम् ए-धऊम़ि॓द्य॥
  • éȝu poðšaadős xéma vőőgom e-ðuum̃ı̋d̨a:
éȝ-u poð.šaad-ős xéma vőőg-om e=ðuum̃-ı̋d̨-a
3s-N.s powder.sugar-G.s with cake-A.s PST=dust-TRZ-IND
  • 3b. She dusts the furniture when she is angry.
  • ए॔यु नो॔म्स़ोरि॓योम् म़िधऊ॓म–मे॓ति गे॓ग॥
  • éȝu nómzorı̋ȝom m̃iðűűm̃a—méti ge̋ga:
éȝ-u nóm.zor-ı̋ȝ-om m̃i=ðűűm̃-a méti ge̋g-a
3s-N home.furnishing-COL-A.s REV=dust-IND when be.angry-IND


  • Left can mean remain or depart.
  • 2a. We left our home before the advancing army.
  • म़ुस् ब॓जन्तु ओ॓मुम् न्यौ॔प म़ु-नो॓ञोम् ए-भि॓द॥
  • m̃us ba̋żantu őmum n̨óópa m̃u-nőmom e-vı̋da:
m̃-us ba̋ż-a-ntu-Ø őm-um n̨óópa m̃u=nőm-om e=vı̋d-a
1p-N advance-IND-AP-ABS army-A.s before our=home-A.s PST=leave-IND
  • 2b. We left all our possessions in the house.
  • म़ुस् म़ैसो॓स् ए॔न ओ॓रो म़ु-उ॓धोन् ए-ते॓म॥
  • m̃us m̃eesős éna őro m̃u-űðon e-te̋m̃a:
m̃-us m̃ees-ős éna őro-Ø m̃u=űð-on e=te̋m̃-a
1p-N house-G.s in all-ABS our=possession-A.p PST=leave-IND


  • Out can mean visible or invisible.
  • 1a. The moon was out as we walked in the park.
  • ए॓इदे धे॓मन्त धे॓मन्तऽ ए-भू॓अ–मे॔ति म़ुस् सेभ्पआ॓थोम् ए॔न ए-ने॓द॥
  • e̋ide ðe̋m̃ant' e-vűűa—méti m̃us sevpa̋a̋þom éna e-ne̋da:
e̋id-e ðe̋m̃-a-nt-' e=vűű-a méti m̃-us sev.paaþ-ős éna e=ne̋d-a
moon-N.s shine-IND-AP-ELIS PS=be-IND as 1p-N pleasure.garden-A. in PST=walk-IND
  • 1b. Please turn the lights out when you leave the room.
  • फ्यो॓थोन् ग्वेसे॓य–मेति तु ते॓रोम् भि॓द॥
  • f̨őþon ǧese̋ȝa—méti tu te̋rom vı̋da:
f̨őþ-on ǧes-e̋ȝa méti t-u te̋r-om vı̋d-a
light-A.p turn.out-SBJ when 2s-N room-A.s leave-IND


  • Peculiar means either out of the ordinary, odd, strange, unusual or 'common or usual for a certain place or circumstance; specific, particular.
  • 4a. This stew has a peculiar taste.
  • स़े॓बो त्यआ॓तो इ-दु॓ग़ोस् ओ भू॓अ॥
  • ze̋bo t̨a̋a̋to i-duƣős o vűűa:
ze̋bo-Ø t̨a̋a̋t-o i=duƣ-ős o vűű-a
peculiar-ABS taste-N.s this=stew-G.s to be-IND
  • 4b. The tur is peculiar to the Caucasus Mountains.
  • कि॓ते युस्म॔र्ग्वरो॓म् ओ स्वे॓दे ए॓स॥
  • kı̋te ȝusmárǧarőm o še̋ðe e̋sa:
kı̋t-e ȝus.már.ǧar-őm o še̋ð-e e̋s-a
tur-N.s between.sea.mountain-G.p to peculiar-N.s be-IND